OLLAR 


THE  NEW 


GRADATIM 


GINN  AND  COMPANY 


L 


LIBRARY 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


GIFT    OF 


Class 


THE 

NEW  GRADATIM 


A  REVISION,  WITH  MANY  ADDITIONS  AND  OMISSIONS,  OF 

"GRADATIM," 

AN  EASY  LATIN  TRANSLATION  BOOK 
FOR  BEGINNERS 


H.  R.  HEATLEY,  M.A.- 

BEAUDESERT    PARK   SCHOOL,    HENLEY-IN-ARDEN 
AND 

H.  N.  KINGDOM,  M.A. 

HEAD-MASTER    OF   THE   GRAMMAR   SCHOOL,    DORCHESTER 

|     J 

PREPARED    BY 

WM.  C.  COLLAR 

HEAD-MASTER   OF   THt,    ROXBT-tJ  V    L>  TIN    SCHOOL,    BOSTON 


OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY 

OF 


BOSTON,  U.S.A.,  AND  LONDON 

GINN    &    COMPANY,    PUBLISHERS 

1899 


iQ^v 


COPYRIGHT,  1895 
BY   WM.   C.    COLLAR 

ALL  RIGHTS   RESERVED 


'NOTE  TO  THE  REVISED  EDITION  OF  1889. 


I  HAVE  found  Gradatim  to  be  a  most  useful  book  to 
accompany  and  supplement  the  first  year's  work  in  Latin. 
The  Latin  is  pure,  simple,  and  idiomatic,  easily  under- 
stood by  the  young  learners,  interesting,  and  even  amus- 
ing. If  Caesar  must  be  read  as  the  first  classical  author, 
this  book  may  be  very  happily  used  for  some  weeks  to 
smooth  the  way,  by  giving  practice  in  translating  easy 
Latin.  The  enormous  sale  of  the  book  in  England  shows 
how  helpful  it  has  proved  to  teachers  in  Latin  there. 
The  work  of  revision  has  consisted  mainly  in  rewriting 
the  first  twenty  anecdotes,  —  in  which  the  authors  made 
the  unhappy  experiment  of  writing  the  Latin  in  English 
order,  —  marking  the  quantity  of  long  vowels  everywhere, 
and  correcting  the  vocabulary,  which  was  unusually  rich 

in  mistakes. 

WM.  C.  COLLAR. 
ROXBURY  LATIN  SCHOOL, 
June,  1889. 


THE  above  note  shows  at  what  point  this  second  revi- 
sion has  been  taken  up.     It  was  my  purpose  to  do  little 


iv  NOTE    TO  REVISED   EDITION. 

more  than  correct  errors  that  had  been  overlooked  in  pre- 
vious impressions,  and  make  certain  omissions ;  but  pro- 
longed examination  suggested  other  changes,  together 
with  additions  so  various  and  important  that  it  has 
seemed  necessary  to  modify  the  title  in  order  to  distin- 
guish this  edition  from  the  book  in  its  earlier  form. 

Thirty-four  anecdotes  have  been  omitted.  Some  of 
these  seemed  rather  pointless,  others  a  little  questionable 
in  tone  or  taste. 

By  permission  of  the  author  of  Fabulae  Faciles,  Mr.  F. 
Ritchie,  the  Story  of  the  Argonauts  and  the  Story  of  Ulys- 
ses, amounting  to  nearly  thirty  pages,  have  been  added. 

Some  important  principles  of  grammar  have  been 
added,  emphasized,  or  expanded. 

Notes  explaining  such  difficulties  as  it  has  been  found 
embarrass  and  delay  young  pupils  are  given  at  the  end 
of  the  reading  lessons. 

Finally,  immediately  following  each  anecdote,  from  two 
to  ten  of  the  words  that  occur  in  the  text  are  set  down, 
chosen  out  as  likely  to  be  the  least  familiar  to  the  learner, 
and  either  defined  by  more  familiar  Latin  words,  or  having 
references  to  places  where  they  have  occurred  in  preced- 
ing anecdotes.  It  is  most  important  to  encourage  stu- 
dents in  every  way  to  form  the  habit,  when  they  meet 
with  what  seems  a  new  word,  or  a  familiar  word  in  a  new 
sense,  of  trying  to  recall  its  previous  occurrence,  instead 
of  turning  at  once  to  the  vocabulary,  or  to  a  lexicon. 


NOTE    TO  REVISED   EDITION.  v 

The  need  of  putting  some  easy  Latin  into  the  hands  of 
pupils  very  early  in  their  study,  to  accompany  and  sup- 
plement the  learning  of  forms  and  the  elements  of  syntax, 
is  now  happily  coming  to  be  realized,  and  it  is  hoped 
that  The  New  Gradatim  will  be  found  to  supply  exactly 
that  want. 

The  Stories  of  the  Argonauts  and  of  Ulysses,  abound- 
ing as  they  do  in  the  words,  idioms,  and  constructions 
of  Caesar's  Gallic  War,  ought  to  make  it  easy  for  the 
pupil  to  pass  from  them  to  The  Gate  to  Ccesar ;  but  it 
will  generally  be  better  to  interpose  not  a  little  easy  and 
rapid  reading  for  the  sake  of  an  enlarged  vocabulary. 

WM.  C.  COLLAR. 

ROXBURY  LATIN  SCHOOL, 
June,  1895. 


CONTENTS. 


HINTS   TO   BEGINNERS. 


PAGE 

Pronunciation     .                          T 

Verb      

PAGE 

.      Q6 

Declension 

2 

3 

5 

6 
8 
10 
16 
ii 

22 
27 
32 

33 
39 
4i 
48 

48 

OF 

12 
13 
14 
H 
15 

18 
18 

Infinitive 

c6 

Con  j  ugation 

Space    
Double  Accusative 
Quality 

•    ov 
•     •    57 
.     .    61 
.     .    62 

Subject  and  Predicate      .     . 
Transitive  and    Intransitive 
Verbs     ....... 
Adjectives 

Participles 

.    67 

Price  and  Value     .     . 
Deponent  Verbs      .     . 
Gerunds  and  Supines 
Impersonal  Verbs  .     . 
Subjunctive  Mood 
Accusative  and  Infiniti 
Indirect  Questions 
Cum  Causal  or  Conces 
Relative  of  Purpose  . 
Ablative  Absolute  .     . 
Notes 

.     .    67 
.     .    72 

•     •    77 
.     .    80 
.     .    87 
ve    .    95 
.     .    95 
sive  .    96 
.     .    96 

•     •  139 
129-143 
145-189 

.     .    19 

20 

Apposition 

Question    
Order    
Partitive  Genitive   .... 
Demonstrative  Pronouns     . 
Comparison 

Time      

The  Relative      
Active  and  Passive    .     .     . 
"Cui"  Verbs 

Place     

VOCABULARY     .    .    . 

STORIES. 

Orchard-robbing      .     . 
Faithful  Caleb    .     .     . 

TABLE 

The  Naughty  Boy  .... 
The  Rotten  Apples     .     .     . 
The  Miser      
The  Broken  Dike  .... 
The  Piper's  Slave  .... 
The  Young  Doctor      .     .     . 
The  Sporting  Doctor  .     .     . 

Judge  Gascoyne      .     . 
Alfred  and  the  Cakes  . 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh      . 
Too  Clever  by  Half    . 
The  Young  Shaver     . 

.     .    20 

.      .     21 
.      .      21 

.      .      22 
•      •      23 

Vlll 


CONTENTS. 


Logic 23 

Wat  Tyler 24 

The  Miser's  Shoes      ...  25 

Cruel  Frederick     ...    .     .  26 

Follow  the  Leader  ....  26 

The  Vulture's  Nest     ...  28 

The  Standard 29 

The  Faithful  Hound   ...  30 

The  Gossip 31 

The  Siege  of  Calais     ...  31 

The  Babes  in  the  Wood  .     .  34 
The  Rats  in  the  Barn      .     .35 

The  Pied  Piper 37 

Caught  by  the  Tide     ...  38 

Rollo  and  the  Two  Sticks    .  38 

Buried  Alive 39 

A   Ride   on   the    Centaur's 

Back 43 

A  Wonderful  Dream  ...  44 

The  Lighthouse      ....  45 

The  Snowstorm      ....  46 

A  Noble  Action      ....  47 

The  Ugly  Duckling     ...  50 

The  Touch  of  Gold     ...  51 

The  Gossiping  Trees  ...  52 

A  Scapegoat 53 

Ingratitude 53 

The  Wolves 54 

A  Cat's  Paw 55 

A  Breach  of  Discipline    .     .  58 

A  Bull's-eye 58 

The  Weather-wise  Donkey  .  59 

How  to  please  Everybody   .  60 

The  Inexhaustible  Purse      .  62 

The  Golden  Loaf    ....  63 

Hospitality 64 

Honesty  is  the  Best  Policy  .  64 


PAGE 

Self-Restraint 65 

A  Promising  Pupil  ...  66 
Counting  her  Chickens  .  .  66 
Adventures  of  Robert  .  .  68 

A  Lover  Lost 70 

The  Guards  Outwitted  .  .71 
A  Disguised  Monarch  .  .71 
Which  is  the  King  ?  ...  72 

Dumb  Show 73 

A  Hard  Bargain  ....  74 
The  Foolish  Maid-Servants  76 
Inattention  Rebuked  ...  76 

The  Robbers 78 

Caught  by  the  Robbers  .  .79 
Two  can  play  at  that  Game  79 
The  Forty  Thieves  ...  80 
The  Wonderful  Island  .  .  81 
The  Diamond  Valley  ...  82 
The  Giant's  Cave  ....  83 
The  Royal  Sepulchre  ...  83 
The  Old  Man  of  the  Sea  .  84 
How  to  pick  Cocoanuts  .  -85 
The  Elephant's  Burial-place  85 
The  Subterranean  Passage  96 

Home  at  Last 87 

The  Donkey's  Advice  .  .  88 
The  Bottom  of  the  Stream  89 
A  Dishonest  Couple  ...  90 
May  a  Man  do  what  he  likes 

with  his  own  ?  ....  91 
The  Good-natured  Boy  .  .  92 
Timely  Assistance  ....  92 
The  Attack  on  the  Castle  .  93 
An  Ill-matched  Pair  ...  94 
Greediness  Punished  ...  94 
The  Argonauts  .  .  .  97-111 
Ulysses 112-125 


THE  NEW  GRADATIM. 


\ 

PRONUNCIATION.      - 

1.  Vowels. 

a  like  last  a  in  aha'.  i    like   z*  in  pin. 

a     "  first  #  in  aha'.  o     "      0  in  ^0/y. 

e     "  e  in  M<?y.  o     "      o  in  wholly?- 

e     "  £  in  «?^/.  u     "    oo  in  ^<?/. 

I      "  z*  in  machine.  u2  "    ^£?  in 


2.  Diphthongs. 

^ae  like  a/  in  az.r/i.  tf^-oe  like  0z"  in  boil. 

au     «  0#  in  our.  eu     "  *?#  in  feud. 

ei      "  «    in  eight.  ui      "  «;*. 

3.  Consonants. 

Consonants  generally  have  the  same  sounds  as  in  English. 
But  observe  the  following:  — 

c  like  c  in  come.  B  like  s    in  sun.4 

g     "    g  in  get.  t     "     /in  time.6 

i3    "    j  in  _y^/.  v     "     w  in  w/w^.  • 

ch  like  k  in  &'/*. 

1  That  is,  as  the  word  is  com-  nounced  like  w,  and  joined  in  ut- 
monly  pronounced  ;    the   sound  terance  with  the  preceding  letter, 
heard  in  holy,  shortened.  3 1-consonant,  that  is,  before  a 

2  In  qu,  and  also  commonly  in  vowel  in  the  same  syllable. 
gu  and  su  before  a  vowel,  u  is  a  4  Never  like  2. 
semi-vowel  or  consonant,  is  pro-  5  Never  like  sh. 


2  DECLENSION. 

DECLENSION. 

4.   Nouns  are  the  Names  of  Things. 
In  English  we  say,  — 

The  wasp  killed  the  bee. 
The  bee  killed  the  wasp. 

In  these  sentences  the  words  "wasp"  and  "bee" 
are  unchanged;  though  in  one  the  "wasp"  does 
the  action,  and  the  "bee"  suffers  the  action.  In 
the  other  the  opposite  is  true.  The  order  only  has 
been  altered. 

In  Latin  this  difference  is  expressed,  not  by  alter- 
ing the  order,  but  by  changes  in  the  form  of  the 
word  called  case-endings. 

NOMINATIVE,     vespa,  apis,  when  the  wasp  or  the  bee 

does  the  action. 
ACCUSATIVE,     vespam,  apem,  when  the  wasp  or  the 

bee  suffers  the  action. 

Vespa  apem  necavit.       The  wasp  killed  the  bee. 
Vespam  apis  necavit.       The  bee  killed  the  wasp. 

Pronouns  are  the  only  words  in  English  which  have 
different  forms  for  nominative  and  accusative. 

NOM.     I ;  who. 
Ace.      me ;  whom. 


CONJUGA  TION.  3 

5.  Besides  the  nominative  and  accusative,  Latin 
has  three  other  cases, 

Genitive,  Dative,  Ablative, 

the  meaning  of  which  is  expressed  in  English  by 
prepositions,  of,  to,  by,  etc. 

GENITIVE,     hastarum,  of  spears. 
DATIVE.        hastae,  to  a  spear. 
ABLATIVE,    hasta,  with  a  spear. 

6.  There  are   thus    in    Latin   five    cases   in   the 
singular,   each  with  its  own  ending,  and  the  same 
number  in  the  plural. 

To  give  these  changes  in  the  form  of  a  noun  is 
called  declining  a  noun. 

There  are  also  two  other  cases,  the  vocative  and  the 
locative.  The  vocative  is  used  of  the  person  addressed, 
but  it  has  always  the  same  form  as  the  nominative,  except 
in  nouns  in  -us  of  the  second  declension.  The  locative 
is  almost  confined  to  names  of  towns,  and  expresses  the 
idea  of  at,  in,  on. 

CONJUGATION. 

7.  Verbs  express  actions. 

Actions  are  done  by  different  persons  :  we  express 
this  difference  in  English  by  placing  pronouns  before 
the  verb,  sometimes  (but  not  often)  altering  its  form 

also. 

/  love,  you  love,  he  (or  she}  loves. 


4  CONJUGA  TION. 

In  Latin  there  is  a  special  form  for  each  person, 
both  in  the  singular  and  the  plural,  therefore  the 
pronoun  need  not  be  used. 

amo,  /  love ;  anias,  you  lovej  amat,  he  loves. 

All  nouns  are  of  the  third  person ;  if,  therefore,  a  noun 
is  used,  the  verb  will  be  in  the  third  person. 

aves  cantant,  birds  sing. 

8.  Actions  differ  also  in  the  time  in  which  they 
are  done  ;  they  may  be  present,  past,  or  future.  In 
English,  to  express  this  difference,  we  use  other 
verbs,  called  auxiliary  or  helping  verbs,  though  there 
is  also  a  special  form  for  past  time. 

PRESENT.     /  love,  am  loving,  or  do  love. 

PAST.  /  was  loving,  used  to  love,  did  love,  loved. 

FUTURE.      /  shall  love. 

In  Latin  there  are  special  tense-forms  to  express 
these  differences  of  time. 

PRESENT,     amo,  /  love,  am  loving,  or  do  love. 
PAST.  amabam,  /  was  loving,  used  to  love,  did 

love,  loved.  x 

FUTURE.      amabo,  /  shall  love. 

To  give  these  special  tense-forms  is  called  conju- 
gating a  verb. 

In  Latin  the  present  is  often  used  of  a  past  act, 
as  in  English,  for  the  sake  of  greater  vividness. 
See  examples  in  the  first  and  second  anecdotes, 


SUBJECT  AND   PREDICATE.  5 

SUBJECT   AND    PREDICATE. 

9.    Sentences  are  divided   into  subject  and  pred- 
icate. 

The  subject  is  the  person  or  thing  talked  about. 
The  predicate  is  what  is  said  about  the  subject. 

The  subject  may  be  — 

Simple:  One  noun. 

Birds  sing. 

Qualified:  Noun  with  words  added  to  it  to  tell  you 
something  more  about  the  subject. 

Small  birds  sing. 

Composite :  Two  or  more  nouns. 

Blackbirds  and  thrushes  sing. 

The  predicate  may  be  — 

One  verb. 

Birds  sing. 

Verb  with  qualifying  word  or  words. 
Birds  sing  sweetly. 

Verb  with  governed  word  or  words. 
Birds  sing  sweet  songs. 

In  Latin  the  subject  and  predicate  may  both  be 
contained  in  a  single  word. 

cantamus,  we  sing. 


6  INTRANSITIVE    VERBS. 

10.  Special  attention  must  be  paid  in  Latin  to 
certain  RULES,  which  are  not  so  necessary  in  English. 

RULE  i.  —  The  verb  must  be  of  the  same  person 
and  number  as  its  nominative. 

corvi  cantant,  ravens  croak. 

corvi   canto  would   mean,   ravens  I  croak,   which  would 
be  nonsense. 

SUBJECT  AND  PREDICATE  IN  ONE  WORD. 

1.  ridemus,  we  laugh. 

2.  ambulabatis,  you  were  walking. 

3.  manebimus,  we  shall  remain. 

4.  videbis,  you  will  see. 

5.  dabant,  they  were  giving. 

6.  erimus,  we  shall  be. 

7.  tenetis,  you  hold. 

8.  vulnerabitis,  you  will  wound. 

SUBJECT  DISTINCT  FROM  PREDICATE. 
SUBJECT.  PREDICATE. 

1.  pueri  manebant,  boys  were  remaining. 

2.  servi  ridebunt,  slaves  will  laugh. 

3.  ego  et  nuntius         manebimus,  the  messenger  and  I  shall 

remain. 

4.  tu  et  puella  cantabitis,  you  and  the  girl  will  sing. 

5.  taurus  apparet,  a  bull  appears. 

INTRANSITIVE   VERBS. 

11.  When  an  action  affects  only  the  doer  the  verb 
is   called   intransitive,  because   its   action  does  not 
pass  across  from  the  doer  to  anything  else. 

maiieo,  /  remain. 


TRANSITIVE    VERBS.  7 

TRANSITIVE    VERBS. 

But  when  an  action  affects  some  person  or  thing 
besides  the  doer  the  verb  is  called  transitive,  because 
the  action  passes  across  from  the  doer  to  the  other 
person  or  thing,  and  this  latter  is  put  into  the 
accusative  case. 

RULE  2.  —  When  used  transitively,  verbs  govern 
the  accusative  case. 

1 .  periculum  videbitis,  you  will  see  danger. 

2.  timemus  lupum,  we  fear  the  wolf. 

3.  amicos  advocamus,  we  call  to  friends. 

4.  intro  aquam,  /  enter  the  water. 

SUBJECT.  PREDICATE. 

1 .  puer  taurum  vulnerabit,  the  boy  will  wound  the  bull. 

2.  taurus  vulnerat  puenim,  the  bull  wounds  the  boy. 

3.  magister  puellam  docebit,  the  m  aster  will  teach  the  girl. 

4.  fossae  agros  terminant,  ditches  bound  the  fields. 

12.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  confuse  the  accusa- 
tive case  with  the  dative.  These  are  easily  confused 
in  English,  since  the  preposition  to,  which  is  the 
sign  of  the  dative,  is  frequently  left  out. 

RULE  3.  —  The  dative  is  the  case  of  the  recipient, 
or  the  person  (or  thing)  who  is  interested  in  an 
action  but  does  not  actually  suffer  it. 

I  give  sugar  to  the  wasp. 
I  give  the  wasp  sugar. 


8  ADJECTIVES. 

What  I  give  is  sugar ;  the  wasp  receives  it,  and  is 
interested  in  what  I  do. 

SUBJECT.  PREDICATE. 

1.  magiater  fabulam  pueris  narrat,  the  master  tells  a 

story  to  the  boys. 

2.  agricola  dabit  poma  amicls,  the  farmer  will  give 

apples  to  his  friends. 

3.  advena  puellae  cibum  praebet,  the  stranger  fur- 

nishes the  girl  food. 

4.  furtum  domino  apparet,  the  theft  is  apparent  to 

the  master. 

5.  praefectus          oppido   praeerat,    the   governor    was    in 

charge  of  the  town. 


ADJECTIVES. 

13.  An  adjective  is  a  word  added  to  a  noun  to 
distinguish  it  from  others  like  it. 

In  English,  adjectives  have  only  one  form. 

In  Latin,  many  adjectives  have  three  terminations 
in  each  case,  one  for  each  of  the  three  genders,  — 
masculine,  feminine,  and  neuter. 

Possessive  adjectives  agree  in  Latin  with  the  thing 
possessed,  and  are  not  affected  as  in  English  by  the  gender 
of  the  possessor. 

taurus  vulneravit  suam  dominam,   the  bull  wounded 
his  mistress. 


ADJECTIVES. 


RULE  4. —  An  adjective  must  be  put  in  the 
same  gender,  number,  and  case  as  the  noun  with 
which  it  is  used. 

saevus  oculus,  savage  eye. 

clara  aqua,  clear  water. 

vir  eat  bonus,  the  man  is  good. 

In  English  the  gender  of  a  word  is  always  settled  by 
the  meaning,  but  in  Latin  there  is  more  difficulty,  for  it  is 
settled  generally,  not  by  the  meaning,  but  by  the  form  of 

a  word. 

eye  is  neuter  in  English. 

oculus  is  masculine  in  Latin. 


SUBJECT. 

1 .  templa 

2.  agricolae 

3.  servus 

SUBJECT. 

1 .  multae  puellae 

2.  niger  servus 

3.  maesti  agricolae 


PREDICATE. 

Copula.  Complement. 

sunt        sacra,  temples  are  sacred. 
erant      probi,  farmers  were  honest. 
est          piger,  the  servant  is  lazy. 

PREDICATE. 

canoram  fistulam  amant,  many  girls 

love  a  melodious  fife. 
timebat  cornigerum  taurum,  the  black 

slave  feared  the  horned  bull. 
saevum    bellum    timebunt,    the   sad 
farmers  will  fear  cruel  war. 


14.  The  genitive  case  of  a  noun  can  often  be  used 
instead  of  an  adjective. 


My  father's  gardens  \ 


paterm  hortl. 
patris  hortl. 


10  APPOSITION. 

SUBJECT.  PREDICATE. 

1.  nuutius  deorum       adest,    the   messenger  of  the  gods   is 

present. 

2.  ripae  rivi  sunt  altae,  the  banks  of  the  river  are 

high. 

3.  verbci  amicorum      sunt  grata,  the   words  of  friends  are 

pleasing. 

4.  feminarum  ira          est   acerba,    the  anger  of  women   is 

bitter. 

5.  ocean!  midae  terrain  inundabunt,  the  waves  of  the 

ocean  will  deluge  the  land. 

RULE  5.  —  A  noun  used  to  limit  or  define  another, 
and  not  meaning  the  same  person  or  thing,  is  put  in 
the  genitive. 

APPOSITION. 

15.  RULE  6. — When  a  descriptive  noun  is  joined 
to  another,  meaning  the  same  person  or  thing,  it  is 
called  an  appositive.  An  appositive  agrees  in  case 
with  the  noun  which  it  limits. 

1.  verberabo    Caium,    malum   puerum,  /  shall  beat  Caius, 

a  bad  boy. 

2.  membra   Pompei,    servi   Afri,    sunt   nigra,    the   limbs   of 

Pompey,  the  African  slave,  are  black. 

3.  Roman!  oppidum  Veios  oppugnabunt,  the  Romans  will 

besiege  the  town  Veii. 

4.  dabimus  argentum  poetae,  nostro  amico,  we  shall  give 

silver  to  the  poet,  our  friend. 


11 

16.  The  ablative  case   generally  qualifies  a  verb 
like  an  adverb,   and  answers  the  questions,   how  ? 
why  ?  when  2   where  ? 

He  slew  him,   with  a  sword,  from   hatred,  at  night, 
in  the  street. 

OBS.  i. —  The  conjunction  -que,  and,  cannot  stand  by 
itself,  but  is  joined  to  the  end  of  the  word  to  which  it 

belongs. 

pueri  puellaeque.         pueri  et  puellae 

OBS.  2. —  Latin  has  no  article  ;  therefore  in  translating 
a  noun  think  whether  you  ought  to  put  in  a  or  the  before 
it  or  not. 

OBS.  3.  —  The  possessive  pronouns  my,  his,  their,  etc., 
are  often  left  out  in  Latin. 

servi  videbant  dominum,  the  slaves  saw  their  master. 
ORDER. 

17.  English,  having  so  few  case-endings,  is  tied 
down  to  a  particular  order  of  words. 

The  man  swallowed  the  fish 

is  different  from 
The  fish  swallowed  the  man. 

Latin  has  much  more  freedom. 

homo  devoravit  piscem, 
piscem  homo  devoravit, 
piscem  devoravit  homo, 
devoravit  piscem  homo, 

all  mean,  "The  man  swallowed  the  fish." 


12  ANECDOTES. 

While  — 

piscis  devoravit  hominerrl, 
hominem  piscis  devoravit,  etc.) 

all  mean,  "The  fish  swallowed  the  man." 

Thus  the  beginner  must  not  be  surprised  to 
find- 

(1)  The  accusative  before  the  verb  ; 

(2)  The  nominative  after  the  verb ; 

(3)  The  adjective  after  its  noun. 

RULE  7.  —  In  making  out  the  meaning,  it  is 
often  best  to  take  the  words  in  the  order  in  which 
they  come  ;  but  if  this  does  not  give  the  sense,  look 
first  for  the  verb  ;  it  always  points  to,  if  it  does  not 
include,  the  nominative. 


ANECDOTES    FOR   TRANSLATION. 

The  figures  under  the  Anecdotes  refer  to  the  Anecdotes  by  number  and  line. 
These  references  are  designed  to  remind  the  learner  of  the  previous  occurrence  of 
the  same  word,  or  of  a  word  of  the  same  family.  If  he  has  forgotten  the  meaning, 
he  should  look  back,  instead  of  referring  again  to  the  vocabulary.  If  the  former 
meaning  does  not  seem  appropriate,  the  vocabulary  should  be  consulted  and  the 
meanings  in  the  two  sentences  be  compared.  It  will  be  apparent  that  only  a  few 
of  the  words  that  are  repeated  have  been  selected  for  comparison. 

Latin  words  are  occasionally  defined  by  other  Latin  words,  supposed  to  be  more 
familiar  to  the  learner,  mainly  for  the  purpose  of  giving  him  increased  readiness  in 
reading  and  writing  Latin,  but  the  words  defined  and  the  definitions  are  no  more 
exact  synonyms  than  in  similar  cases  in  English. 

The  abbreviation  cf.  stands  for  confer,  i.e.,  compare. 

i.    The  Naughty  Boy. 

Albertus,  puer  Ignavus,  litteras  non  amabat.  Magi- 
strum  suum  saepe  vitabat  et  agros  pererrabat.  At  taurus 


ANECDOTES.  13 

saevus  habitabat  agros.  Aliquando  puerum  videt.  Primo 
stat  et  advenam  lustrat  saevls  oculis.  Albertus  fugam 
tentat.  Turn  Instat  taurus.  Mox  miser!  puerl  'tergurn 
volnerabit  monstrum  cornigerum. 

litteras,  libros.  lustrat,  spectot. 

saevus,  ferox.  mstat,  persequitur. 

2.     The  Naughty  Boy  —  continued. 

Fossa  lata,  limo  et  aqua  plena,  forte  terminabat  agrum. 
Puer  miser  loco  appropmquat  et  aquae  se  mandat 
temere.  Aqua  non  est  alta,  sed  llmus  profundus  membra 
cohibet.  Taurus  puerum  videt  sed  aquae  perlculum 
timet.  Diu  haeret  Albertus ;  taurus  vana  Ira  captlvum 
lustrat.  At  agricola  forte  agrum  intrat.  Statim  baculo 
magno  taurum  deturbat  liberatque  puerum. 

diu,  longum  temfus.  at,  i,  2. 

lustrat,  i,  4.  deturbat,  fugat,  depellit. 

3.    The  Rotten  Apples. 

Carolus,  agricolae  impigri  filius,  bonus  erat  puer  sed 
amlcos  amabat  malos.  Agricola  igitur  puero  calathum 
pomorum  plenum  dat.  Bona  continebat  calathus  poma, 
pauca  tamen  erant  putrida.  Puer  donum  diligenter 
curat,  sed  poma  mala  maculant  bona,  et  mox  mala  sunt 
cuncta.  Carolus  maestus  adversam  fortunam  plorat. 
Turn  agricola  filium  ita  monet  :  "  Poma  mala  maculant 
bona,  certe  mall  amici  maculabunt  puerum  bonum." 

impiger,  non  tgndvus,  i,  i.  cuncta,  omnia. 

plenum,  2,  i.  maestus,  trlstis. 

mox,  i,  5.  adversam,  malam< 


14  ANECDOTES. 

4.    The  Miser. 

Plutus,  vir  avarus,  parvam  fossam  parat,  atque  ibi 
argentum  celat  multum.  Servus  forte  agrum  arabat. 
Subito  latebras  nudat  spoliatque  argentum.  Postridie 
domino  apparet  furtum,  nam  oculis  avidis  thesaurum 
suum  saepe  spectabat.  Miser  Plutus  terram  et  caelum 
implet  querelis.  Mercurius,  fidus  deorum  nuntius,  subito 
adest,  et  causam  lacrimarum  benigne  postulat.  Plutus 
igitur  fortunam  malam  ita  narrat. 

subito,  cf.  statim,  2,  6.  implet,  cf.  plenum,  3,  3. 

spectabat,  lustrdbat,  i,  4.  adest,  advenit. 

5.     The  Miser  —  continued. 

"  Sum  vir  egenus,  tamen  parvum  habebam  thesau- 
rum ;  magna  cura  pecuniam  meam  semper  servavi. 
Nunc  tamen  nihil  mihi  manet."  At  deus  maestum  viri 
animum  mulcet  et  fossam  saxis  implet.  Turn  Plutum 
admonet  ita :  "  Tu  quidem  argentum  semper  lustrabas, 
nee  umquam  attrectabas  divitias.  Avaro  divitiae  non 
prosunt ;  saxa  igitur  argent!  locum  tibi  supplebunt." 

egenus,  pauper.  implet,  4,  6. 

tamen,  3,  4.  admonet,  monet,  3,  7. 

maestum,  3,  6.  attrectabas,  tangebds. 

6.     The  Broken  Dike. 

Cimbri  terram  habitant  mlram,  nam  oceanus  tecta  agros- 
que  agricolarum  saepe  inundat.  Incolae  fossis  tumulis- 
que  magms  undarum  violentiam  coercent  ;  aliquando 
tamen  aqua  claustra  deturbat  et  vastat  terram.  Forte 
erat  tumulus  non  validus  ;  iam  apparet  parva  rima  ;  mox 
via  magna  patebit  et  terram  superabunt  undae.  At 


ANECDOTES.  15 

perlculum  videt  puer  parvus  ;  statim  dextra  rimam  implet 
coercetque  aquam. 

coercent,  cohibent,  2,  4.  apparet,  4,  4. 

deturbat,  2,  7.  dextra,  supply  manu. 

7.     The  Broken  Dike  —  continued. 

Diu  et  constanter  servabat  puer  praesidium.  lam 
rigebant  membra,  at  dextra  parva  aquam  semper  coe'rce- 
bat.  Postridie  agricolae  loco  approplnquant.  Puer  fri- 
gidus  et  moribundus  dextra  tamen  aquam  coercet.  Saxls 
celeriter  tumulum  conformant,  et  limo  rimam  implent. 
Turn  umerls  puerum  sublevant  recreantque  cibo.  Tantam 
constantiam  saepe  commemorant  Cimbri,  narrantque  libe- 
ris  suis  puerl  factum. 

dm,  2,  5.  postridie,  4,  3. 

dextra,  6,  7.  approplnquant,  2,  2. 

coercebat,  6,  3.  constantiam,  cf.  constanter,  7,  i. 

8.     The  Piper's  Slave. 

Carolus,  puer  inhonestus,  servus  erat  Clodi,  honest! 
viri.  Clodius  erat  fistula  peritus  et  canons  sonis  ami- 
cos  saepe  delectabat ;  at  fistulam  non  amabat  puer, 
sed  saepe  erat  domino  molestus.  Forte  agricola,  Clodi 
vicinus,  nuptias  filiae  celebrat,  vocatque  et  dominum  et 
servum.  Cena  erat  copiosa  ;  mensa  caseum  magnum  vix 
sustinebat ;  hie  ova,  illic  poma  erant ;  at  convivarum 
oculos  praecipue  delectabat  porculus. 

hie  .  .  .  illic,  here  .  .  .  there.       at,  sed,  2,  3. 
poma,  3,  3.  praecipue,  mdxime. 

9.     The  Piper's  Slave  —  continued. 

Convivae  epulas  exspectant  cupide  ;  mox  splendide 
cenabunt.  Interea  saltant  et  dominus  Carol!  fistula 


16  QUESTIONS. 

cantat.  At  puer  avidls  oculls  mensam  lustrat  et  videt 
porculum.  Raptim  dextra  tenet  praedam  et  fugam  tentat 
frustra.  Nam  Clodius  fugitlvum  occupat,  recuperat  prae- 
dam ;  baculo  tergum  servi  mall  verberat.  Inde  Carolus 
maestus  et  ieiunus  mall  factl  poenas  dat. 

convivae,  8,  7.  avidis,  4,  4. 

epulas,  cf.  cena,  8,  6.  raptim,  statim,  2,  6. 

mox,  3,  5.  tentat,  i,  4. 

cenabunt,  cf.  cena,  8,  6.  baculo,  2,  6. 

QUESTION. 

18.  To  turn  a  simple  statement  into  a  question  in 
English  place  the  nominative  after  its  verb. 

statement,  you  are  happy, 
question,     are  you  happy? 

Sometimes  interrogative  words  are  used  as  well. 
why  are  you  happy? 

In    Latin    interrogative  words   are    always    used. 
The  most  common  are  — 

num,  expecting  the  answer  no. 
nonne,  expecting  the  answer  yes 
-ne,  expecting  the  answer  yes  or  no. 

-ne  is  always  joined  to  the  first  word  in  the  sentence. 

STATEMENT.  QUESTION. 

I.  equus  11011  habet  pennas,     2.  num  equus  habet  pennas  ? 
the  horse  has  not  wings.  has  the  horse  wings,  he 

has  not,  has  he  ? 


QUESTIONS.  17 

3.  pueri    amant    poma,    boys  4.  nonne  pueri  amant  poma  ? 

like  apples.  do  not  boys  like  apples  ? 

5.  medicus  est  aeger,  the  doc-  6.  est-ne  medicus  aeger?  is 

tor  is  sick.  the  doctor  sick  ? 

7.  verberas  canem,  you   are  8.  cur  verberas  canem  ?  why 

beating  the  dog.  are  you  beating  the  dog? 

In  translating  questions  into  English  the  auxiliary  verb  do 
is  often  used. 

cur  laudatis  puerum  ?    why  do  you  praise  the  boy  ? 

Double  questions  (i.e.,  two  questions  expecting  one 
answer)  must  have  two  interrogative  words. 

utrum  mihi  an  meo  fratri  dabis  pomum  ? 
will  you  give  me  or  my  brother  an  apple  ? 

19.    Prepositions  when  used  in  Latin  govern  the 
accusative  or  ablative  case. 

The  following  govern  the  ablative  case  : 

a,  ab,  absque,  coram,  de, 
palam,  clam,  cum,  ex,  ande, 
sine,  tenus,  pro,  and  prae. 

Sometimes  in,  sub,  super,  subter  govern  the  ablative. 

All  the  other  prepositions  govern  the  accusative 
case. 

cum,  with,  is  joined  to  personal,  reflexive,  and  relative 

pronouns. 

"me-cum,  with  me,  vaibis-cum,  with  you, 
with  whom,  etc. 


18  ANECDOTES. 

ANECDOTES    FOR    TRANSLATION. 
The  following  anecdotes  require  a  knowledge  of — 
(a)  Declensions  I,  II,  III.     Nouns. 

(ft)   Present  VT  j-     *•       A   «.•         r  ^u     T,,.    , 

/  Indicative  Active  of  the  Third 

\       and  Fourth  Conjugations. 
Future  Simple  ) 

10.     The  Young  Doctor. 

Medicus  quondam  longo  labore  fessus  breve  otium 
apud  rusticam  villam  amici  petebat.  Interea  filio  curam 
clientium  committebat.  luvenis  labore  superbus  comiti 
iocoso  fortunam  ita  narrat :  "  Pater  mihi  clientes  suos 
committit."  "At,"  respondei  amicus,  "ubi  pater  urbem 
repetit,  ex  clientibus  quot  supererunt  ?  " 

quondam,  aliquando,  i,  3.  ita,  3,  7  ;   5,  5. 

interea,  9,  2.  supererunt,  mm  erunt. 

ii.     The  Sporting  Doctor. 

Timon  medicus,  vir  benlgnus  sed  suae  artis  omnmo 
Ignarus,  nee  causas  nee  remedia  morborum  intellegebat. 
Itaque  clientes  plerumque  e  vita  discedebant.  Timon 
erat  venator,  sedulus  quidem  sed  impentus.  Canes  et 
equos  habebat  multos,  sed  iacula  sagittasque  praecipue 
amabat.  Quondam  dum  tela  ante  portam  aedium  parat, 
occurrit  amicus.  "  Hodie  saltern,"  inquit,  "  6  medice, 
nihil  occldes." 

benlgnus,  4,  7.  praecipue,  8,  8. 

itaque,  igitur,  4,  8.  aedium,  domus. 

imperitus,  cf.  ferttus,  8,  2.  occldes,  necdbis. 


< 

ANECDOTES.  19 


1  2  .     Orchard-robbing. 

>T-4JlcoO 

In  Hispania  olim  vivebat  Nero,  puer  improbus.  Forte 
erat  vlcmo  in  horto  arbor  magna  maturls  pomis  onusta. 
Ubi  puer  arborem  videt,  magna  cupldo  praedae  animum 
occupat.  "  Num  dominus  me  videbit?"  inquit  puer 
avidus.  "  Cur  arborem  non  statim  ascendo  ?  "  Itaque 
sine  mora  ramum  prehendit  et  in  arborem  se  trahit.  lam 
inter  poma  sedet  ;  iam  dextra  fruges  tenet  gratas. 
At  subito  raucum  clamorem  audit.  Ecce  sub  arbore 
magnum  saevumque  canem  videt.  Frustra  Nero  se 
celat,  nam  canis  furem  sentit  impletque  agros  clamore 
rauco.  Denique  sub  arbore  iacet  exspectatque  pue- 
rum. 

improbus,  inhonestus,  8,  i.  avidus,  9,  3. 

vicino,  8,  5.  dextra,  6,  7. 

onusta,  cf.  plena.  iam,  7,  i. 

cupldo,  cf.  cupide,  9,  i.  subito,  4,  3. 

occupat,  9,  5.  frustra,  9,  5. 

13.     Orchard-robbing  —  continued. 

Diu  in  alta  sede  manet  puer.  Interea  consilia  multa 
et  callida  in  animo  volvit.  "  Nonne  custos  saevus  mox 
dormiet?  Nonne  callgo  noctis  me  liberabit  ?"  Denique 
quod  canis  praesidium  non  relinquit,  de  salute  desperat. 
At  fortuna  captivum  iuvat.  Taurus  niger  agrum  intrat. 
Statim  videt  canem  et  torva  fronte  inimicum  antiquum 
petit.  Nee  pugnam  recusat  canis,  sed  dentibus  saevis 
modo  tergum  modo  frontem  tauri  tentat.  Turn  puer 
occasionem  non  praetermittit,  at  ex  arbore  desilit  petitque 
fugam.  Adversarii  nee  fugam  sentiunt  nee  pugnam  relin- 


2©  ANECDOTES. 

quunt.     Itaque  Nero  a  tanto  perlculo  tutus  pro  salute 
dis  agit  gratias. 

sede,  cf.  sedet,  12,  7.  denique,  12,  u. 

manet,  5,  3.  torva,  saevd. 

interea,  10,  2.  sentiunt,  12,  10. 

saevus,  I,  3.  dis,  from  deus. 

14.    Faithful  Caleb. 

Tlmon  erat  vir  generosus  sed  egenus.  In  aedibus 
magnis  sed  obsoletis  habitabat,  et  inopiam  cibi  saepe 
tolerabat.  Calebus,  servus  domesticus,  multum  amabat 
Timonem  et  paupertatem  domini  celabat  diligenter. 
Aliquando  viatores  multi  hospitium  a  Tlmone  petebant. 
Vir  benignus  portas  aedium  libenter  aperit.  Ubi  hora 
cenae  adest,  quod  cibum  habebat  nullum,  Calebus  pau- 
lum  haeret.  Vicinus  forte  epulas  celebrabat;  subito  ad 
locum  currit  Calebus  et  magna  voce,  "  Aedes  ardent," 
exclamat.  Convivae  hue  illuc  erumpunt.  At  Calebus 
sine  mora  a  mensa  anserem  abstrahit  nitidum  apponitque 
viatoribus  epulas  magnificas. 

egenus,  5,  i .  cenae,  8,  6. 

obsoletis,  rumosis.  haeret,  2,  5. 

celabat,  4,  2.  vicinus,  8,  5. 

viatores,  cf.  via.  epulas,  9,  i. 

X5-    Judge  Gascoyne. 

Henricus  IV.,  rex  Britannorum,  pigrum  prodigumque 
filium  habebat  ;  nam  iuvenis  comites  malos  nimium  ama- 
bat. Forte  elves  Caium,  amicum  principis,  coram  iudice 
accusant  furtl.  Princeps  ad  locum  properat  et  dlris  minis 
veniam  delicti  postulat.  At  iudex,  vir  strenuus,  veniam 
negat.  Princeps  igitur  gladium  stringit.  Turn  iudex 


ANECDOTES.  21 

catenis  iuvenem  vincit  superbum.  Post  mortem  patris 
iuvenis  Henrlcus,  iam  rex,  iudici  praemia  digna  dat 
habetque  in  amicorum  numero. 

pigrum,  cf.  impigri,  3,  i.  postulat,  4,  7. 

furti,  4,  4  ;  ci.furem,  12,10.  delicti,  mall  facti,  9,  7. 

16.     Alfred  and  the  Cakes. 

Aluredus,  rex  Britannorum,  cum  Dams  saepe  pugnabat. 
Primum  Dam  copias  regias  vincebant,  et  rex  exsul  hospi- 
tium  ab  incolis  parvae  casae  petit.  Incolae  figurae  regis 
Inscii  hospiti  cenam  exiguam  lectumque  durum  praebent. 
Postridie  ad  laborem  pergunt.  Agricola  oves  pascit ;  uxor 
verrit  aedes  ,  rex  ignem  incendit  torretque  liba.  Mox 
tamen  quod  Aluredus  multls  curls  anxius  laborem  prae- 
termittit,  flammae  adurunt  liba.  At  uxor  agricolae  ubi 
factum  videt  Ira  plena  hospitem  pigrum  increpat,  et 
dextra  aures  regias  verberat.  Sed  rex  poenam  patienter 
tolerat. 

petit,  14,  5.  curls,  10,  2. 

hospiti,  from  hospes.  praetermittit,  13,  9. 

exiguam,  parvam.  adurunt,  incendunt. 

aedes,  u,  6.  regias  =  regis. 

17.     Sir  Walter  Raleigh. 

Elisabetha,  regma  Brittanorum,  vestes  splendidas  et 
pretiosas  semper  gerebat.  Fgrte  magna  cum  caterva 
comitum  per  vicos  urbis  ambulabat.  Subito  ante  pedes 
multum  videt  lutum.  Regina  stat  incerta  quod  viam 
lubricam  timet.  At  ex  turba  exsilit  iuvenis ;  umerls 
novum  pallium  detrahit  et  locum  tegit  vestimento  ;  turn 
iterum  ad  socios  recurrit.  Laeta  regma  super  pallium 


22  ANECDOTES. 

ambulat  nee  pedem  maculat.     Statim  grata  iuvenem  in 
numerum  amicorum  ascrlbit. 

comitum,  1 5,  2.  turba,  catervd. 

lutum,  limum,  2,  i.  umeris,  7,  6. 

stat  incerta,  haeret,  14,  8.  maculat,  3,  5. 

in  numerum  amicorum,  cf.  15,  9. 

PARTITIVE    GENITIVE. 

20.     RULE  8.  —  The  name  of  a  whole,  of  which 
a  part  is  taken,  is  put  in  the  genitive  case. 

multi  Romanorum,  many  of  the  Romans. 
Especially  after  neuter  words. 

nihil  argent!,  no  money. 

tantum  nummorum,  so  much  money. 


ANECDOTES    FOR   TRANSLATION. 

The  following  eight  anecdotes  require  a  knowledge 
01- 

r   Nouns. 

(a)  Declension  III.  ^     A  j.     A. 

|  Adjectives. 

r   active    of    the    first    and    second 

(b)  Indicative     \  ^  and 

Imperative  ]       ^  yerb 


18.    Too  Clever  by  Half. 

Roscius,  praeclarus  iurisconsultus,  publicos  ludos 
quondam  spectabat.  Subito  vir  rusticus  occurrit.  "  Da 
mihi,"  inquit,  "  responsum,  6  praeclare  Rose!  ;  cams 
divitis  vlcini  meum  agrum  intravit,  necavitque  tres  pullos. 


ANECDOTES.  23 

Quantam  tu  mulctam  domino  canis  imponis  ?  "  "  Quat- 
tuor  asses,"  respondit  Roscius.  "Da  mihi  igitur  asses," 
inquit  vir,  "tuus  enim  canis  erat  reus."  "Res  aequa 
est,"  iterum  respondit  Roscius,  "  et  libenter  tibi  quattuor 
asses  dabo.  At  tu  primum  numera  mihi  quinque  asses, 
numquam  enim  Jurisconsult!  sine  mercede  dant  re- 
sponsa." 

quondam,  aliquando,  i,  3.  divitis,  from  dtves ;  cf.  di- 

occurrit,  cf.  currit,  14,  9.  vitids,  5,  6. 

igitur,  15,  6;  5,  7. 

19.     The  Young  Shaver. 

Glaucus,  puer  Corinthius,  adultorum  hominum  mores 
semper  induebat ;  nam  togam  virilem  volgo  gerebat  et 
saepe  tondebat  molles  genas.  Quondam  intravit  taber- 
nam  praeclari  tonsoris,  et  magna  voce  "  Tonde,"  inquit, 
"  meam  barbam  sine  mora."  Tonsor,  vir  iocosus,  parat 
aquam  ;  obducit  mentum  iuvenis  spuma  alba  ;  cultrum 
acuit ;  postremo  vadit  ad  portam,  habetque  sermonem 
cum  amicls.  Primo  Glaucus  rem  patienter  tolerabat  ; 
tandem  non  continet  Iram,  sed  causam  morae  postulavit. 
"At,"  respondit  tonsor,  "  tuam  barbam  exspecto." 

gerebat,  17,  2.  postremo,  demque,  12,  n. 

molles,  tenerds.  tolerabat,  14,  3. 

quondam,  18,  2.  tandem,  postremo. 

praeclari,  18,  i.  continet,  3,  3. 

20.     Logic. 

Rusticus  olim,  nomine  Gellius,  vir  dives  sed  indoctus, 
mittit  filium  ad  ludum  Zenonis,  praeclari  philosophi. 
Post  aliquot  annos  filius  repetit  paternum  tectum,  et 


24  ANECDOTES. 

parentes  sua  sapicntia  delectat ;  nam  omnes  ingenio  et 
sermone  superabat.  Mox  tamen  iuvenis  disputat  cum 
patre  de  cultu  arvorum  ;  tandem  Iratus  baculo  caput  et 
umeros  senis  verberat.  "6  scelerate,"  exclamat  Gellius, 
"  num.  verberas  patrem  ?  "  "Equidem,"  respondit  iuve- 
nis "et  recte ;  nonne  tu  me  parvum  puerum  verberabas  ?  " 
"At  invltus  verberabam  te,  et  pro  tua  utilitate."  "Et 
ego  hodie  verbero  te  pro  tua  utilitate,  et  invltus." 

rusticus,  1 8,  2.  senis,  from  senex. 

dives,  18,  4.  num,  12,  4  ;  cf.  nonne,  13,  2. 

repetit,  10, 6;  cf.  petit,  10,  2.  verberat,  16,  10. 

tectum,  aedes,  14,  i.  hodie,  cf.  postridie,  16,  5. 

21.     Wat  Tyler. 

Ricardus,  adhuc  iuvenis,  succedit  regno  Britannorum. 
Mox  erat  gravis  seditio  plebis.  Vir  rusticus,  nomine 
Figulus,  seditiosam  turbam  ducebat.  lamque  ingens 
caterva  intraverat  urbem  Londinium  et  omnia  spoliabat. 
Inde  dum  elves  claudunt  tabernas  et  fugam  tentant, 
subito  rex  iuvenis  cum  paucis  equitibus  adest.  Figulus 
autem  prehendit  equi  regis  habenas.  Sine  mora  magister 
equitum  stringit  gladium  occlditque  hominem  audacem. 
Statim  omnes  sumunt  arma  tenduntque  arcus.  Rex 
autem  procedit  in  medium.  "  Comites,"  inquit,  "  hie 
iacet  vester  dux,  nee  umquam  resurget.  Deponite  tela  ; 
ego  posthac  ero  vobis  dux." 

adhuc,  ad  hoc  tempus.  prehendit,  12,  6. 

turbam,  17,  5.  stringit,  15,  6. 

caterva,  17,  2.  comites,  amlci. 

spoliabat,  4,  3.  iacet,  12,  ir. 

claudunt,  opp.  patent,  6,  6.  tela,  n,  6. 


ANECDOTES.  25 

22.     The  Miser's  Shoes. 

Senex,  nomine  Abulus,  dives  sed  avarus,  antiquas 
sordidasque  vestes  gerebat.  Omnes  elves  cognoscebant 
pannosos  avarl  calceos.  Olim  senex  lavabat  membra 
apud  publicas  thermas.  Forte  vir  iocosus  locum  intrave- 
rat.  Ubi  videt  vestlmenta  Abull,  sine  mora  mutat  calceos 
senis  avarl  cum  purpurels  soleis  consulis.  (Nam  consul 
ibidem  forte  se  lavabat.)  Mox  Abulus  ex  aqua  emergit. 
Nescius  fraudis,  dis  agit  gratias  pro  tanto  mlraculo,  et 
cum  purpureis  soleis  discedit.  At  ubi  consul  sentit 
furtum  et  cognoscit  calceos  Abull,  vix  continet  iram. 
Denique  invltus  foedos  calceos  induit. 

vestes,  17,  i.  vestimenta,  cf.  vestes. 

gerebat,  19,  2.  senis,  20,  7. 

iocosus,  19,  5.  dis  ...  gratias,  13,  12. 

ubi,  12,  3.  sentit,  12,  10. 

23.  The  Miser's  Shoes — continued. 
Postridie  lictores  trahunt  Abulum  apud  consulem,  atque 
hominem  furtl  accusant.  Infellx  Abulus  multis  cum 
lacrimls  veniam  imprudentis  factl  orat,  at  frustra.  Nam 
consul  aspera  voce,  "Deliga,"  inquit,  "lictor,  ad  palum 
malum  furem ;  verbera  tergum  saevis  virgls."  Lictores 
haud  invltl  sumunt  poenam,  calceosque  Abulo  reddunt. 
Abulus  vix  trahit  miserum  corpus  ad  flumen  (magnum 
flumen  non  procul  aberat).  Turn  exclamat,  "  Numquam 
iterum,  Infellces  calcei,  dominum  perdetis."  Inde  aquae 
calceos  committit. 

trahunt,  12,  6.  inviti,  20,  10. 

furti,  4,  4.  sumunt,  21,  9. 

veniam,  1 5,  5.  procul,  longe. 

haud,  non.  numquam,  cf.  21,  n. 

aspera,  opp.  mitis.  inde,  turn. 


26  ANECDOTES. 


24.     Cruel  Frederick. 

Fredericus,  puer  crudelis,  non  amavit  animalia  ;  saepe 
divellebat  alas  muscarum  et  corpora  formicarum  acubus 
transflgebat.  Aliquando  vexabat  Traianum,  suum  canem, 
saxis  et  verberibus.  Saepe  pater  Fredericum  ita  monuit  : 
"  Cave  canem,  nonne  dentes  habet  acutos  ?  "  At  puer 
verba  patris  neglegit  et  manu  caudam  miseri  canis  torquet. 
Diu  Traianus  rem  patienter  tolerat.  Tandem  iratus 
mordet  dextram  puerl.  Fredericus  multis  cum  lacrimis 
patrem  petit.  "  Cur  tandem,"  inquit  pater,  "meum  con- 
silium  neglegebas  ? " 

verberibus,  cf.  verberat,  16,  10.          iratus,  cf.  Ira,  2,  5. 
tolerat,  16,  n.  petit,  13,  7. 

tandem,  20,  6.  inquit,  n,  7. 

25.    Follow  the  Leader. 

Pastor,  nomine  Panurgius,  multas  oves  habebat  ;  at 
dives  vicinus  vigintl  ex  numero  subducit.  Pastor  ad 
iudicem  properat  furemque  accusat.  Sed  iudex,  vir 
inhonestus,  prae  timore  divitis  viri  preces  pastoris  spernit. 
Turn  pastor  humiliter  accedit  ad  furem  :  "  Retine," 
inquit,  ''oves,  da  mihi  tamen  arietem,  ducem  gregis.'*' 
Fur  incautus  arietem  dat.  lam  pastor  tollit  animal  in 
umeros  et  discedit.  At  oves  audiunt  vocem  ducis  et 
universae  notum  ovile  sui  domini  petunt. 

dives,  opp.  egenus,  5,  i.  tamen,  20,  5. 

vicinus,  8,  5.  umeros,  7,  6. 

properat,  1 5,  4.  universae,  omnes. 


ANECDOTES.  27 


DEMONSTRATIVE    PRONOUNS. 

21.  Demonstrative  Pronouns  are  used  to  point 
out  or  distinguish  some  person  or  thing. 

They  are  either  substantival — used  instead  of  a 
noun  —  or  adjectival  —  used  with  a  noun. 

The  most  common  are,  is,  hlc,  ille,  idem,  ipse. 

1 .  videsne  eum  ?  do  you  see  him  ? 

2.  videsne  eum  leonem  ?  do  you  see  that  lion  ? 

3.  is  leo  quern  vides  est  fulvus,  the  lion  which  you  see  is 

tawny. 

4.  videsne  eius  caudam  ?  do  you  see  his  tail  ? 

5.  hoc  a  te  peto,  /  ask  you  this  favor. 

6.  Demosthenes,  ille  orator,  Demosthenes,  the  famous  orator. 

7.  hie  erat  taciturnus,  ille  loquax,  the  latter  was  silent,  the 

former  talkative. 

8.  ipse  venit,  he  came  himself. 

9.  eodem  niodo  omiiia  agis,  you  do  everything  in  the  same 

way. 


ANECDOTES    FOR    TRANSLATION. 

The  following  ten  anecdotes  require  a  knowledge 
of  — 

(a)  Nouns.     Declensions  III,  IV,  V. 

f    Demonstrative. 
(o)  Pronouns.       "\     r*  ~  ••!•• 

I    Definitive. 

(c)    Indicative      /    active    of    the    third    and    fourth 
Imperative     1       conjugations. 


28  ANECDOTES. 


26.     The  Vulture's  Nest. 

Voltur  olim  finxerat  nidum  in  alta  et  praerupta  rupe. 
Hie  din  impune  teneros  pullos  alebat.  Saepe  iuvenes 
descensum  ad  nidum  tentaverant,  at  frustra,  quia  praeceps 
scopulus  imminebat  et  lubrica  saxa  vestigia  fallebant. 
Tandem  senex  iuvenes  his  verbis  derldet ;  "  Cur,  Ignavi, 
periculum  timetis  ?  ecce  !  mea  parva  f  Ilia  ad  locum 
descendet."  Iuvenes  etsi  rem  vix  credunt,  tamen  man- 
data  eius  peragunt.  Magna  quercus  impendebat  scopu- 
16  ;  huic  funem  aptant  et  omnia  parant. 

finxerat,  from  Jingo.  lubrica,  17,  5. 

hie,  in  hoc  loco.  ignavi,  i,  i. 

tentaverant,  21,  5.  ecce,  12,  8. 

27.    The  Vulture's  Nest  —  continued. 

lam  senex  tenero  corporl  virginis  funem  caute  aptat. 
Turn  sex  validl  iuvenes  earn  ex  alta  rupe  demittunt. 
Omnes  tacitl  eventum  exspectant ;  at  ilia  secura  aerium 
iter  pergit  et  magno  conto  defendit  acutos  scopulos. 
lam  pervenit  ad  nidum  et  dextra  parvum  volturem  tenet. 
Statim  dat  signum  reditus.  At  pater  voltur  audit  vocem 
prolis  et  magno  clangore  puellam  petit.  Ilia  tamen,  etsi 
saevi  alitis  ungues  teneras  manus  dilacerant,  cultro  se 
defendit  nee  praedam  demittit.  lam  iuvenes  vident 
periculum  puellae  ingeminantque  laborem.  Mox  laetus 
pater  audacem  flliam  amplexu  tenet. 

iam,  7,1.  petit,  13,  7 

pergit,  1 6,  5.  etsi,  26,  7. 

acutos,  cf.  acuit,  19,  7.  alitis,  avis. 

prolis,  pulldrum,  26,  2.  cultrd,  19,  6. 


ANECDOTES.  29 


28.     The  Standard. 

Ricardus,  rex  Britannorum,  olim  cum  Solimano  bellum 
gerebat.  Multos  equites  diversarum  gentium,  socios 
adiutoresque  belli,  habebat.  Hi  fortis  regis  timebant 
virtutem  sed  superbiam  parum  amabant.  Forte  rex 
suum  slgnum  in  alto  et  inslgni  loco  constituent.  Id 
movebat  Irani  sociorum  et  noctu  slgnum  dlvellunt.  Rex 
igitur,  ubi  reponit  slgnum,  deligit  custodem  loci  equitem, 
nomine  Cennetum.  Nee  ille  tantum  honorem  recusat  at 
laetus  arma  induit.  Inde,  etsi  ipse  haudquaquam  hostem 
timebat,  canem  fidelem  vigiliae  comitem  advocavit. 

gerebat,  22, -2.  dlvellunt,  24,  2. 

superbiam,  cf.  superbus,  10,  3.          tantum,  22,  8. 
parum,  non  multum.  recusat,  13,  7. 


29.     The  Standard  —  continued. 

Nox  erat  et  lima  sereno  fulgebat  caelo.  Diu  et  vigi- 
lanter  Cennetus  locum  custodiebat.  At  subito  canis 
latratum  edit.  lam  ipse  audit  lenem  sonitum.  Statim 
stringit  gladium.  At  vox  nota,  "Depone,"  inquit,  "te- 
lum  ;  Cloelia,  tua  sponsa,  baud  procul  ab  hoc  loco  te 
exspectat ;  venl  igitur  mecum  celeriter."  Stultus  eques 
fidel  immemor  stationem  deserit ;  relinquit  tamen  canem 
custodem  loci.  Dum  abest,  clangorem  armorum  audit, 
deinde  gemitum.  Dolore  furens  recurrit  ad  locum. 
Eheu  !  slgnum  abest  et  fidelis  custos  moribundus  iacet. 

caelo  =  in  caelo.  n5ta,  25,  9. 

lenem,  opp.  acutum,  27,  4.  moribundus,  7,  4. 


30  ANECDOTES. 

30.     The  Standard  —  continued. 

Paucos  post  dies  Ricardus  copias  sociorum  recensebat. 
Dum  ipse  in  regio  solio  sedet,  principes  equitesque  cum 
multis  milibus  militum  ante  oculos  regis  incedebant. 
Haud  procul  ab  eo  loco  stabat  Cennetus  cum  cane  fideli 
(is  enim  vires  corporis  recuperaverat).  lam  duces 
singillatkn  regem  salutabant.  Subito  canis  cum  saevo 
latratu  equitem  auro  et  ostro  msignem  ex  equo  in  pulve- 
rem  deturbat.  Comites  cum  clamore  occurrunt.  At 
rex,  "  Consistite,"  inquit,  "  amici ;  iusta  est  poena,  hie 
enim  meum  slgnum  violavit." 

recensebat,  lustrabat,  i,  4.  msignem,  28,  5. 

regio,  1 6,  10.  deturbat,  6,  4. 

incedebant,  trdnslbant.  consistite,  manete. 

latratu,  29,  3.  iusta,  aequa,  18,  7. 

31.     The  Faithful  Hound. 

Cambricus  olim,  acer  venator,  fidelem  habebat  canem, 
nomine  Gelertum.  Dum  ipse  in  silvis  abest,  canem  saepe 
relinquebat  parvi  fill  custodem.  Aliquando  more  suo 
Gelertus  dominum  reducem  cum  laeto  clamore  salutabat. 
At  subito  dominus  pectus  eius  et  dentes  sanguine  cruentos 
notat ;  perterritus  cunas  parvi  fill  petit.  Eheu  !  puerum 
non  videt  sed  undique  cruorem,  foedi  certaminis  indi- 
cium. Statim  caeco  furore  canem,  mail  auctorem,  iaculo 
transflgit.  Gelertus  cum  gemitu  exsplrat.  Simul  domi- 
nus in  recessu  aedium  mfantem  videt  salvum  atque  incolu- 
mem.  Sed  baud  procul  ab  eo  loco  iacebat  ingens  lupus. 
Fidelis  enim  custos  vitam  Infantis  ita  servaverat. 

venator,  n,  4.  mail  =  mall  facti,  9,  7. 

clamore,  Idtrtita,  29,  3.  gemitu,  29,  9. 

furore,  cf.  fur  ens,  29,  9.  ingens,  cf.  mdgnus. 


31 


32.     The  Gossip. 

Erat  Timoni  uxor  garrula.  Haec  aliquando  apud 
feminam  vlclnam  cenabat.  Diu  Timon  uxorem  suam 
frustra  exspectaverat.  Tandem  Iratus  aedium  portam 
obserat  et  petit  cubile.  Mox  tamen  uxor  redux  ostium 
vehementer  pulsat.  "  Aperi  celeriter  portam,"  exclamat 
ilia,  "  nonne  uxoris  tuae  vocem  audls  ?  "  "  Minime," 
respondit  ex  cublli  dominus  ;  "  tu  non  mea  uxor  es  nee 
vocem  tuam  cognosce  ;  mea  enim  uxor  iam  mecum 
cubat." 

apud,  10,  2.  aperi,  14,  6. 

obserat,  cf.  daudit,  21,  5.  cognosce,  22,  2. 

redux,  31,  4.  enim,  30,  10;  cf.  nam,  22,  6. 

ostium,  portam,  14,  6.  cubat,  cf.  cubile. 

33.     The  Gossip  —  continued. 

Diu  femina  preces  producebat,  sed  frustra  ;  tandem 
dolum  parabat.  "Nisi  tu,"  inquit,  "portam  aperies,  ego 
in  hoc  flumen  desiliam."  Simul  in  aquam  magnum  lapidem 
devolvit  et  sese  non  procul  abdit.  Vir  sonitu  territus 
ostium  aperit  properatque  ad  ripam.  Protinus  irrumpit 
in  aedes  uxor  obseratque  portam.  Frustra  vir  infelix 
ostium  pulsat  ;  "  Discede,"  inquit  uxor,  "tu  enim,  ut  ipse 
dixisti,  non  es  meus  coniunx." 

desiliam,  13,  9,  vir,  coniunx. 

simul,  eddem  tempore,  31,  9.  prStinus,  statim,  2,  6, 

abdit,  celat,  12,  10.  obserat,  32,  4. 

34.     The  Siege  of  Calais. 

Edvardus  olim,  rex  Britannorum,  urbem  Gallicam 
oppugnabat,  Diu  incolae  copiarum  regis  impetum  magna 


32  COMPARISON. 

cum  virtute  sustinuerant.  Tandem,  ubi  nihil  cibi  supere- 
rat,  miserique  elves  mures  et  pelles  edebant,  cum  rege  de 
deditione  agebant.  At  rex,  propter  tantam  hostium  perti- 
naciam  iratus,  saevas  condiciones  pacis  imponit  mortem- 
que  duodecim  prmcipum  postulat.  Sine  mora  duodecim 
viri  se  pro  patria  devovent.  Inde  comites  maestl  funibus 
colla  amicorum  vinciunt  eosque  ad  regem  ducunt. 

incolae,  6,  2.  postulat,  15,  5. 

ubi,  22,  5.  funibus,  27,  i. 

agebant,  13,  12.  vinciunt,  15,  7. 

35.    The  Siege  of  Calais  —  continued. 

Rex  inter  nobiles  in  praetorio  sedebat.  lamque  maesta 
turba  civium  captives  ad  locum  ducit  omnesque  multis 
cum  precibus  ad  pedes  victoris  cadunt.  At  rex  durus 
preces  eorum  spernit  avertitque  voltum.  Forte  reglna 
rem  cognoscit ;  statim  ad  praetorium  properat  suasque 
lacrimas  cum  precibus  civium  iungit.  "  Da  mihi,  rex 
magne,"  inquit,  "  vitas  horum  fortium  virorum  ;  nonne  hi 
recte  suam  patriam  defenderunt  ?  "  Rex  primo  preces 
non  audit,  tandem  lacrimae  uxoris  iram  vincunt  poenam- 
que  captivis  remittit. 

maesta,  opp.  laeta,  27,  10.  defenderunt,  27,  4. 

precibus,  33,  i.  poenam,  9,  7. 

COMPARISON. 

22.  (i)  When  two  things  are  compared  they  are 
put  into  the  same  case  and  coupled  by  quam. 

amo  te  magis  quam  eum,  /  love  you  more  than  him. 


TIME.  33 

(2)  If  the  first  is  either  in  the  nominative  or 
accusative,  the  second  may  be  put  into  the  ablative, 
leaving  out  the  quam. 

lulia  sorore  pulchrior  est,  Julia  is  more  beautiful  than  her 
sister. 

The  comparative  can  often  be  translated  by  too,  rather, 
comparatively,  etc. 

tardius  ambulavit,  he  walked  rather  slowly. 

longius  e  navi  erravit,  he  wandered  too  far  from  the  ship. 

TIME. 

23.  (i)  The  time  during  which  an  action  lasts  is 
put  into  the  accusative,  sometimes  with  the  preposi- 
tion per. 

totam  hiemem  in  urbe  manibat,   he  remained  in  the  city 
during  the  whole  of  the  winter. 

If  the  sentence  is  negative,  the  ablative  is  used. 

tota  hieme  lupum  non  vidi,  I  have  not  seen  a  wolf  all  the 
winter. 

(2)  The  time  when,  or  within  which,  an  action  is 
done  is  put  into  the  ablative  without  a  preposition. 

media  hieme  ab  urbe  discessit,  he  went  away  from  the  city 
in  the  middle  of  winter. 

Observe  the  phrases  — 

multis  post  annis,  many  years  afterwards. 
aliquot  post  menses,  several  months  afterwards. 
baud  ita  multo  post,  not  long  after. 
ante  annum,  a  year  before, 


34  ANECDOTES. 


ANECDOTES    FOR   TRANSLATION. 

The  following  ten  anecdotes  require  a  knowledge 
of- 

(a)  Comparison  of  regular  adjectives. 

(b)  Numeral  and  pronominal  adjectives. 

(c)  Indicative  )  active  of  verbs  in  -to,  third  conjuga- 
Imperative  )      tion. 

36.    The  Babes  in  the  Wood. 

Duo  olim  erant  fratres,  Verres  et  Timon.  Horum 
alterum  gravis  corripuerat  morbus.  Hie  iam  moribundus 
fratrem  ad  lectum  vocavit  eique  curam  parvorum  liberorum 
mandavit.  Ille  multis  cum  lacrimls  mandatum  accipit 
fidemque  unum  annum  integram  servat.  Secundo  tamen 
anno,  quod  liberl  erant  agris  nummlsque  dlvitissimi, 
patruus  auri  avidus  msidias  nepotibus  struebat.  Itaque 
duos  latrones  ad  sese  appellat.  "  Interficite,"  inquit, 
"clam  hos  infantes;  vobis  magnum  pondus  argentl, 
pretium  caedis,  dabo." 

moribundus,  29,  10.  nummis,  pecuni d. 

mandatum,  26,  7.  interficite,  occidite,  21,  8. 

37.     The  Babes  in  the  Wood  —  continued. 

Postridie  Timon  mala  fraude  nepotes  ad  se  advocat, 
"  Hodie,"  inquit,  uvlcinae  urbis  incolae  ferias  agunt;  hi 
igitur  ex  meis  servis  fidelissimi,  deliciarum  causa  et 
voluptatis,  vos  ad  locum  ducent."  Simul  manu  duo 
latrones  ostendit.  Liberi  magno  cum  gaudio  discedunt 
et  iam  animo  mille  laetitias  praecipiunt,  Mox  autem 


ANECDOTES.  35 

viatores  ad  densam  silvam,  locum  ad  caedem  aptissimum, 
veniunt.  Forte  unus  ex  latronibus  altero  erat  mollior. 
Huius  pectus  grata  vox  liberorum  lemverat  Hie  igitur, 
ubi  ad  locum  veniunt,  non  modo  factum  abnuit  sed  etiam 
sua  manu  comitem  crudeliorem  interfecit. 

incolae,  34,  2.  lenlverat,  cf.  lenem,  29,  3. 

agunt,  celebrant,  8,  5.  factum  =  malum  factum. 

laetitias,  voluptdtes.  abnuit,  recusat,  13,  7. 

caedem,  36,  10.  interfecit,  36,  8. 

38.     The  Babes  in  the  Wood  —  continued. 

Liberi  gladiis  et  cruore  perterriti  lacrimas  effundunt. 
Victor  tamen  timorem  mulcet  eosque  in  densiorem  silvam 
ducit.  "Hie,"  inquit,  "manete,  dum  ipse  absum ;  mox 
vobis  placentas  lactisque  copiam  reportabo."  Simul  a 
loco  discedit.  Unam  horam  liberl  sine  timore  flores 
silvestres  undique  carpebant.  Mox  quod  fames  corpora 
premebat  reditum  latronis  misere  cupiebant.  Frustra 
tamen  hue  illuc  currunt  et  omne  nemus  maesto  clamore 
implent,  nemo  enim  questiis  eorum  audit.  Tandem  fessi 
cursu  et  fame  languid!  sese  sub  arbore  deiciunt.  Mors 
benigna  celeriter  finit  labores  nee  deerat  honor  sepulcri, 
parvae  enim  aves  corpora  frondibus  teneris  texerunt. 

cruore,  31,  7.  hue  illuc,  14,  10. 

mulcet,  5,  4.  questus,  querelds,  4,  6. 

placentas,  llba,  16,  8.  deerat,  from  desum. 

reditum,  27,  6.  texerunt,  from  tego. 

39.     The  Rats  in  the  Barn. 

Erat  olim  in  Germania  mala  fames,  messis  enim  eo 
anno  fuerat  nulla.  Magna  igitur  turba  civium  cottidie  a 


36  ANECDOTES. 

principe  panem  vehementer  petebat.  Tandem  precibus 
eorum  fessus  princeps  crudelis  omnes  in  horreum  ingens 
vana  spe  cibi  induxit.  Mox,  ubi  horreum  plenum  fuit, 
flammas  tecto  admovit  et  omnes  ad  unum  delevit.  Inde 
dum  clamoribus  miserrimis  et  caelum  et  terra  resonant, 
"  Audite,"  inquit,  "  murium  stridorem."  Vix  ea  dixerat, 
cum  vocem  magnam  comites  audiunt.  "  At  miser,  paucis 
post  diebus  ildem  mures  tuum  corpus  devorabunt." 
•> 

fames,  38,  6.  tecto,  cf.  texerunt,  38,  12. 

ingens,  31,  u.  miser,  wretch. 

40.     The  Rats  in  the  Barn  —  continued. 

In  medio  Rheno  forte  eo  tempore  stabat  turris  altis- 
sima ;  hue  princeps  dira  voce  perterritus  f ugit ;  nihil  enim 
aqua  tutius  habet.  Hie  unum  diem  manebat  tutus  et 
alterum ;  tertia  tamen  nocte  custodes  mille  pedum  crepi- 
tum  audiunt.  Mox  ubi  sol  noctis  umbras  fugavit,  immane 
portentum  vident.  Utramque  enim  ripam  fluminis  innu- 
merabilis  murium  multitude  complet.  lam  mures  in 
aquam  desiliunt  turrimque  petunt.  Frustra  princeps 
portas  fenestrasque  obserat ;  hi  enim  scandunt  muros,  illl 
acutis  dentibus  llgneas  portas  rodunt.  Passim  in  aedes 
irrumpunt  et  universi  in  principem  impetum  faciunt. 
Fnistra  is  deos  invocat  Iratos,  sescentl  enim  hostes  ex 
osslbus  cutem  divellunt  et  crudelis  fact!  terribilem  poenam 
sumunt. 

dira,  15,  4-  obserat,  32,  4. 

tutus,  salvus,  31,  10.  passim,  kite  illilc,  14,  10. 

immane,  ingens,  39,  4.  sescentl,  mtlia. 

desiliunt,  33,  3.  divellunt,  24,  2. 


ANECDOTES.  37 


41.     The  Pied  Piper. 

Hamelmam,  urbem  pulcherrimam,  vexabat  olim  dira 
pestis  ;  murium  enim  innumerabilis  multitude  non  modo 
omnia  devorabat,  sed  etiam  Infantes,  dum  iacent  in  cunis, 
oppugnabat.  Incolae  omnia  consilia  frustra  tentaverant ; 
denique  magnum  pondus  argent!  proponunt,  totius  generis 
exit!  pretium.  Hoc  ipso  tempore  vir  picta  veste  Insignis 
intravit  urbem  laboremque  suscipit.  Statim  magna 
caterva  eum  ad  forum  deducit.  Hue  ubi  pervenit  advena, 
ex  sinu  tibiam  parvam  detrahit  paucosque  modos  fingit. 
Vix  id  carmen  cessaverat,  ubi  mirum  prodigium  evenit, 
undique  enim  ad  sonum  ingenti  tumultu  mures  concurrunt. 
Primo  consistunt,  deinde  omnes,  albi,  nigri,  senes,  iuvenes 
ad  modos  tibiae  saltant.  Postremo  uno  impetu  in  flumen 
e  conspectu  desiliunt. 

cunis,  31,  6.  fingit,  26,  i. 

pondus,  36,  9.  prSdigium,  portentum,  40,  6. 

pretium,  36,  10.  consistunt,  30,  9. 

insignis,  28,  5.  impetu,  34,  2. 


42.     The  Pied  Piper. — continued. 

Primo  elves  rem  vix  credunt ;  deinde  laetitiae  ingenti 
se  dedunt.  lamque  tibicen  sui  laboris  praemium  postulat. 
At  elves  iam  pericull  expertes  fidem  ingrati  violant  et 
magnam  partem  argent!  retinent.  Itaque  iratus  iterum 
tibiam  corripit  alterumque  carmen  priore  pulchrius  fundit. 
Protinus  ex  omnibus  domibus  magna  puerorum  virginum- 
que  caterva  virum  cingit.  Inde  tibicen,  dum  ill!  chores 
laetissimos  agunt,  omnes  ad  proplnquum  montem  deducit. 


38  ANECDOTES. 

Turn  miser!  parentes  rem  terribilem  vident ;    nam   ipse 
dehiscit  mons  et  immense  hiatu  totam  manum  accipit. 

laetitiae,  37,  6.  fidem,  36,  5. 

tibicen,  cf.  tlbiam,  41,  9.  corripit,  36,  2. 

expertes,  liberdti.  agunt,  37,  2. 

43.     Caught  by  the  Tide. 

Canutius,  Icenorum  rex,  longe  sapientior  erat  aliis 
regibus.  Huius  olim  opes  et  auctoritatem  Onus  ex 
adsentatoribus  hoc  modo  laudabat.  "  Nonne,"  inquit, 
"  rex  magne,  et  mare  vastum  et  celeres  venti  tua  mandata 
peragunt?"  Rex  nihil  respondit  sed  postero  die  iussu 
eius  servl  ad  litus  maritimum  solium  deducunt.  In  hoc 
adsentatorem  locat  et  ipse  in  rupe  stat  propinqua.  Forte 
aestus  ex  alto  se  incitabat.  Turn  rex,  "  Recurre,"  inquit, 
"  mare  superbum  ;  nonne  tu  meus  servus  es  ?  Cur  igitur 
tui  fluctus  audaces  meum  solium  ita  violant  ?  "  Fluctus 
tamen  surdi  mandata  regia  non  audiebant  sed  se  in  ipsum 
solium  inlidunt.  Turn  rex,  "  Nemo  nisi  Deus  imperium 
maris  tenet." 

et  .  .  .  et,  39,  7;  8,  5.  posterd  die,  postrtdie,  37,  i. 

mandata,  cf.  manddvit,  36, 4.  solium,  30,  2. 

peragunt,  26,  8.  propinqua,  viand,  37, 


2. 


44.     Rollo  and  the  Two  Sticks. 

Apud  Graecos  scriptores  hoc  invenimus  de  Rollone, 
cane  callidissimo.  Magister,  dum  ipse  ambulat,  semper 
can!  comitl  scipionem  suum  auratum  committebat.  Hunc 
Rollo  superbo  ore  per  vicos  gerebat.  Forte  tamen 
magister  pro  sclpione  aurato  baculum  sumit  ligneum 
altero  turpius.  Hoc  more  suo  canl  committit.  At  Rollo 


UNIVERSITY 

THE  RELATIVE.  39 


propter  tantum  dedecus  Iratus  diii  laborem  recusat. 
Tandem  ubi  magister  baculum  inter  dentes  mseruit,  canis 
e  conspectu  subito  fugit  ;  brevi  tamen  ad  magistrum  sine 
baculo  recurrit.  Tres  inde  menses  magister  frustra 
baculum  quaerebat;  quarto  tamen  mense  dum  servl 
fimum  ex  stabulls  in  agros  transportant,  baculum  sub 
ingenti  fiml  acervo  inveniunt. 

scipi5nem,  baculum.  more  suo,  31,  3. 

vicos,  17,  3.  recusat,  abnuit,  37,  10. 

gerebat,  ferebat.  e  conspectu,  41,  14. 

ligneum,  40,  10.  brevi  =  brevi  tempore. 

45.     Buried  Alive. 

De  eodem  Rollone  aliud  et  mirabilius  invenimus. 
Magnus  anatum  grex  in  lacu  finitimo  natabat.  Harum 
unam  canis  mir5  amore  fovebat.  Saepe  iussu  magistrl 
hanc  suo  ore  etiam  ab  ulteriore  margine  lacus  ad  pedes 
eius  reportabat.  Ea  quidem  res  erat  gratior  can!  et 
domino  quam  anati  ;  haec  igitur  pennls  pedibusque  canis 
impetum  semper  fugiebat.  Tandem  Rollo  tall  pervicacia 
defessus  solum  in  horto  effodit  anatemque  vivam  sepelivit, 
slve  ludibrio,  seu  (ut  magister  credidit)  quod  eum  locum 
magis  idoneum  putavit. 

mirabilius,  cf.  mirum,  41,  10.          iussu,  43,  5. 

fmitimo,  vicino.  ludibrio,  cf.  lud-os,  18,  i. 

THE    RELATIVE. 

24.  (a)  The  Relative  is  used  to  avoid  repeating  a 
word  (called  its  antecedent)  already  used  once. 

video  munim,  quern  Balbus  aedificavit,  /  see  the  wall,  which 
Balbus  built. 


40  THE  RELATIVE. 

If  there  were  no  relative,  we  should  have  to  say, 
video  murum  et  Balbus  eum  murum  aedificavit,  /  see  the 

wall  and  Balbus  built  that  wall. 

Thus  it  has  also  the  force  of  a  conjunction  and  serves 
to  connect  sentences. 

•  RULE  9. — The  Relative  agrees  with  its  antecedent 
in  gender,  number,  and  person. 

1.  nos,  qui  fortes  sumus,  pugnabimus,  we,  who  are  brave, 

will  fight. 

2.  tu,  quae  parva  es  puella,  nutricem  amis,  you,  who  are 

a  little  girl,  love  the  nurse. 

RULE  io.  —  The  Relative  is  not  necessarily  in  the 
same  case  as  its  antecedent,  but  in  the  case  which 
its  antecedent  would  be  in  if  repeated. 

1.  babes  asiiium  qui  (asinus)  est  laboris  patiens,  you  have 

an  ass  which  is  patient  of  labor. 

2.  equus  quern  (equum)  habemus  est  celer,  the  horse  which 

we  have  is  fast. 

3.  virum    cuius  (viri)  filius   es   amamus,  we  love  the  man 

whose  son  you  are. 

4.  hie  est  puer  cui  (puero)  poma  dedimus,  this  is  the  boy  to 

whom  we  gave  the  apples. 

5.  hasta  qua  (hasta)  hostem  occldisti  erat  acris,  the  spear 

with  which  you  killed  the  enemy  was  sharp. 

(V)  A  sentence  containing  a  relative  word  is  often 
called  an  adjectival  clause,  because  it  qualifies  a 
substantive  like  an  adjective. 

est  mihi  mensa  quae  est  iiigra,  /  have  a  black  table. 


ACTIVE   AND  PASSIVE.  41 

A  relative  clause  may  be  omitted  without  altering  the 
construction  of  any  other  word  in  the  sentence. 

(c)  A  relative  word  is  often  omitted  in  English 
but  never  in  Latin. 

ubi  est  ea  mensa  quam  heri  vidi  ?  where  is  the  table  I  saw 
yesterday  ? 

(d)  The  relative  always   comes   first   in   its   own 
clause    (except    after    prepositions),    and   generally 
next  to  the  word  it  qualifies. 

Relative  words  are  — 

qui,  quails,  quantus, 
quo,  qua,  unde,  ubi. 

ACTIVE    AND    PASSIVE. 

25.   The  Verb  has  two  voices  — 

(1)  Active,  when  you  do  something; 

(2)  Passive,  when  something  is  done  to  you. 

In    turning   a    sentence    from    an    active   into   a 
passive  form 

accusative  becomes  nominative, 
nominative  becomes  ablative. 

All  other  cases  remain  unchanged. 

{anseres   Manlium  e  somno    excitaverunt,  geese   woke 
Manlius  from  sleep. 
Manlius   e  somno    anseribus   excitatus   est,    Manlius 
was  wakened  from  sleep  by  geese. 


42  ACTIVE   AND  PASSIVE. 

(  puer  necabit  lupum,  the  boy  will  kill  a  wolf. 

\  lupus  necabitur  a  puero,  a  wolf  will  be  killed  by  a  boy. 

reives  militibus  cibum  dabunt,  citizens  will  give  soldiers 


food. 


I  cibus  militibus  a  civibus  dabitur,  food  will  be  given  to 
L   '  soldiers  by  citizens. 

( Caesar    civitati    ducentos    imperat    obsides,      Ccesar 
makes  a   demand  upon  the  state  for  two  hundred 
j      hostages. 

ducenti   obsides   civitati   imperantur  a  Caesare,    two 

hundred   hostages    are    demanded  of  the    state    by 
Ccesar. 

(1)  If  the  doer  of  the  act  is  &  per  son,  the  preposition  a 
or  ab  is  used  with  the  ablative.     It  is  then  called  the 
Ablative  of  the  Agent. 

(2)  Transitive  verbs  become  intransitive  in  the  passive. 

1 .  centaurus  sagitta  ab  Hercule  volneratus  est,  the  Centaur 

was  wounded  with  an  arrow  by  Hercules. 

2.  Hercules  sagittas  veneno  tinxit,  Hercules  stained  arrows 

with  poison. 

3.  via    montibus    altissimis    contirebatur,    the    road   was 

hemmed  in   by  very  high   mountains. 

4.  praemium  victori  debetur,  a  reward  is  due  to  the  victor. 

5.  numquam  mihi  hoc  persuadebitur,  never  shall  I  be  per- 

suaded of  this. 


ANECDOTES.  43 

ANECDOTES  FOR  TRANSLATION. 

The  following  nine  anecdotes  require  a  knowledge 

of- 

(a)  Relative  Pronouns. 

(£)  Passive  of  conjugations  I.  and  II. 

46.     A  Ride  on  a  Centaur's   Back. 

Centauri,  qui  in  montibus  Thessaliae  habitabant,  caput 
manusque  humanas  equinum  tamen  corpus  habebant. 
Hercules  olim  per  has  regiones  cum  uxore  Deianira, 
quam  nuper  duxerat,  iter  faciebat.  Mox  ad  ripas  altl 
rapidlque  fluminis  viatores  perveniunt  frustraque  vadum 
petunt.  Subito  occurrit  centaurus  quidam,  nomine 
Nessus.  "Multae,"  inquit,  "  antea  trans  hoc  flumen  a 
me  transportatae  sunt.  Te  quoque,  6  pulcherrima 
Deianira,  si  cupis,  lato  meo  tergo  libenter  transportabo  ; " 
simul  feminam  haud  invitam  suscipit ;  deinde  perfidus 
magna  celeritate  in  montes  fugit 

nuper,  opp.  olim.  quoque,  cf.  etiam,  45,  4. 

viatores,  37,  7.  haud  invitam,  volentem. 

47.     A  Ride  on  a  Centaur's  Back  —  continued. 

Hercules  autem,  quern  fraus  centaur!  non  fallebat, 
arcum  rapuit  et  una  ex  iis  sagittls  quas  ipse  sanguine 
Hydrae  tinxerat  fugitivum  volneravit.  At  moribundus 
feminae  consilium  hoc  iniquissimum  dat  Nessus :  "Accipe," 
inquit,  "hanc  tunicam,  quam  meus  sanguis  tinxit;  haec 
tibi  aliquando  amorem  coniugis  restituet."  His  verbis 
centaurus  occidit. 


44  ANECDOTES. 

Paucos  post  annos  Hercules,  Oechaliae  victor,  lolen 
captivam  Deianira  pulchriorem  adamavit.  Haec  igitur 
verborum  centaurl  hand  immemor,  tunicam  fatalem  ad 
coniugem  misit.  Hanc  Hercules  incautus  induit  et  ipse 
necatur  dira  vl  illlus  venenl  quo  olim  suas  sagittas 
tinxerat. 

fallebat,  26,  4.  tinxerat,  from  tingo. 

rapuit,  cf.  corripit,  42,  5.  iniquissimum,  cf.  aequa,  18,  7. 

sanguine,  crtiore,  38,  i.  induit,  19,  2. 

48.     A  Wonderful  Dream. 

Tres  olim  viatores  a  Gallia  ad  Italiam  iter  faciebant. 
Via  erat  et  longa  et  difficillima,  quod  undique  montibus 
altissimis  continebatur.  Saepe  magnam  cibi  inopiam 
viatores  tolerabant ;  tandem  nihil  illis  supererat  nisi  unus 
panis,  baud  ita  grandis,  quem  omnes  diligentissime 
servabant.  Hunc  sibi  quisque  vindicat.  Denique  fessi 
somno  se  dant  panemque  proponunt  somrn  insignissimi 
praemium.  Mane  suum  quisque  comitibus  somnium 
narrat.  Primus  ex  viatoribus  sic  incipit :  "  Mihi  in 
somnio  apparebat  rapum  ingentissimum ;  vix  id  trecenti 
viri  ex  agro  trahebant.  Num.  vos  aliquid  hoc  mirabilius 
videbatis  ?  Mihi  certe  praemium  debetur." 

tolerabant,  14,  3.  trahebant,  cf.  abstrahit,  14,  n. 

supererat,  10,  6.  num,  12,  4. 

proponunt,  41,  5.  mirabilius,  45,  i. 

49.     A  Wonderful  Dream  —  continued. 

Turn  secundus,  "  Somnium  quidem  mirum  narravisti ; 
mihi  tamen  aliquid  mirabilius  visum  est.  Nam  vidi  in 
somnio  vas  ingentissimum,  quod  vix  qumgentl  homines 


ANECDOTES.  45 

totius  anni  spatio  paraverant.  Facillime  eo  vase  istud 
rapum  continebatur.  Nonne  hoc  somnium  mirabilius  illo 
iudicatis  ?  "  At  tertius,  qul  haec  tacite  audlverat,  "Certe," 
inquit,  "  uterque  vestrum  rem  mirabilem  narravit  panem- 
que  bene  meruit.  Mihi  tamen  aliquid  mirum  visum  est. 
Nam  in  somno  (ut  videbatur)  esuriebam ;  panem  igitur 
devoravl." 

visum  est,  f r.  videor.  eo  vase  =  in  eo  vase. 

spatio,  tempore.  esuriebam,  famem  habebam. 

50.    The  Lighthouse. 

In  ea  parte  Britanniae  quae  ad  septentriones  spectat 
litus  undique  rupibus  asperrimis  continetur.  Incolae 
igitur,  quod  ibi  multae  naves  naufragium  fecerunt,  turrim 
altissimam,  quae  pharus  appellatur,  quadam  in  rupe 
aedificaverunt.  Hanc  turrim  habitabant  senex  et  filia 
eius  parva,  qul  noctu  semper  incendebant  lucernam,  cuius 
lumen  saepe  nautas  de  periculo  praemonebat.  At  non- 
numquam  vis  tempestatis  labores  nautarum  exsuperat, 
et  navis  Infelix  aut  sub  undis  se  mergit,  aut  scopulis 
crudelibus  adflictatur. 

turris,  40,  i.  exsuperat,  cf.  superabunt,  6,  6. 

incendebant,  16,  6.  mergit,  22,  7. 

praemonebat,  cf.  monuit,  24,  4.      scopulis,  26,  4. 

51.     The  Lighthouse — continued. 

Fuerunt  olim  multos  dies  continuae  tempestates  ; 
tandem  dies  tranquillus  succedit.  lamque  procul  e  turri 
custodes  magnam  aspiciunt  navem,  quae  in  scopulis 
haeret ;  mox  etiam  paucos  vident  nautas,  qui  manibus 
signa  dant  auxiliumque  petunt.  Turn  virgo  animosa  cum 


46  ANECDOTES. 

patre  parvam  scapham  deducit  et  remis  vellsque  navem 
ambo  petunt.  Undique  ingentes  fluctus  surgebant,  vix 
enim  cessaverat  procella ;  nullo  tamen  periculo  ill!  terren- 
tur  sed  e  morte  nautas  eripiunt  omnesque  tutos  ad  turrim 
reportant. 

haeret,  2,  5.  cessaverat,  41,  10. 

animosa,  fortis.  procella,  tempestds. 

52.    The  Snowstorm. 

Pastor!  culdam  duo  erant  filii,  Brutus  et  Nero.  Hie, 
puer  acutus,  a  parentibus  praecipue  amabatur  ;  ilium 
tamen  annis  seniorem  omnes  stultum  exlstimabant.  Hi 
olim  cum  cane  suo  aliquas  petebant  oves,  quae  per 
montes  devios  erraverant.  Forte  dum  procul  a  casa 
paterna  absunt,  eos  opprimit  nox  ;  simul  nix  crebra  omnia 
operiebat  et  spem  reditus  eripuit.  Tandem  fessi  labore 
sub  saxo  ingenti  sese  proiciunt  mortemque  exspectant. 
Turn  Brutus  e  collo  fratris  taeniam,  donum  matris,  detrahit 
eaque  cervicem  canis  circumdat ;  "Age,"  inquit,  "patrem 
pete." 

culdam,  46,  7.  seniorem,  from  senex. 

acutus,  24,  5.  operiebat,  obduc'ebat,  19,  6. 

praecipue,  8,  8.  proiciunt,  cf.  deiciunt,  38,  10. 

53.     The  Snowstorm  —  continued. 

Interea,  quod  pueri  nondum  revenerant,  ingens  sollici- 
tudo  pastoris  animum  agitabat.  Subito  latratum  audit 
canis  ;  portam  aperit ;  videt  canem,  qui  taeniam  sul  fill 
gerebat.  Hanc  ubi  vir  agnoscit  sine  mora  facem  accendit 
et  cum  cane  fideli,  duce  viae,  tandem  ad  ipsum  pervenit 


ANECDOTES.  47 

scopulum,  sub  quo  pueri  iacebant.  Hie  vero  triste 
spectaculum  visum  est ;  Nero  enim,  quern  frater  suo 
pallio  texerat,  placide  dormiebat,  at  Brutus,  qui  suum 
corpus  hoc  modo  nudaverat,  saevo  gelu  rigebat ;  nam 
puer  fortis,  quern  propter  segnitiam  omnes  deridebant, 
vitam  suam  fratri  condonaverat. 

sollicitudo,  cura,  10,  2.  pallio,  17,  6. 

aperit,  32,  5.  rigebat,  7,  2. 

agnoscit,  cf.  cogndscit,  22, 10.  segnitiam,  stultitiam. 

accendit,  cf.  incendebant,  50.  deridebant,  26,  5. 

54.     A  Noble  Action. 

Philippus,  eques  Britannicus,  alios  equites  fortitudine 
animl  corporisque  viribus  aequabat ;  omnes  tamen  comi- 
tate  et  mansuetudine  superabat.  Forte  Britanni  cum 
Hispanis  bellum  gerebant  atque  equites  utriusque 
exercitus  fere  cottidianis  pugnls  vires  exercebant.  Ali- 
quando  dum  urbem  quandam  Britanni  oppugnant,  Philip- 
pus  cum  paucis  comitibus  magna  manu  hostium  circum- 
datus  est.  Diu  et  acriter  nostri  Hispanorum  impetum 
sustinebant.  Tandem  Philippus  iaculo  graviter  volneratus 
est.  Post  pugnam  dum  comites  maestl  Philippum  mori- 
bundum  ad  castra  reportant,  aliquis  el  galeam  aquae 
plenam  dedit.  Ille  autem,  etsi  sitis  fauces  urebat,  militi, 
qui  non  procul  iacebat  avidisque  oculis  aquam  lustrabat, 
poculum  dedit  ;  "  Nonne  huius  volnera,"  inquit,  "graviora 
sunt  meis  ? " 

aequabat,  cf.  aequa,  18,  7.  graviter,  ci.gravis,  36,  2. 

utriusque,  49,  7.  maestl,  trist'es,  53,  6. 

cottidianis,  cf.  cottidi'e,  39,  2.  urebat,  cf.  adurunt,  16,  8. 


48  PLACE. 

26.  A  dative  is  naturally  used  to  complete  the 
sense  after  such  adjectives  as  — 

amicus,  utilis,  similis, 
propinquus,   finitimus,  par. 

"GUI"    VERBS. 

27.  A  few  verbs,  which  we  should  expect  to  govern 
an  accusative,  for  some  reason  or  other  prefer  the 
dative.     The  most  common  are  — 

parco,  pareo,  placeo, 
faveo,  noceo,  servio, 
invideo,  nubo,  ignosco, 
maledico,  indulgeo. 

magister,  cui  paremus,  benignus  est,  the  master  'whom  ive 

obey  is  kind. 
parcit  mihi,  he  spares  me. 

These  verbs  are  called  "cui"  verbs  from  the  dative  of 
the  relative  pronoun,  with  which  they  are  sometimes  used. 

RULE  II.  —  Many  verbs  compounded  with  ad, 
ante,  con,  in,  inter,  ob,  post,  prae,  pro,  sub,  and  super, 
take  the  dative. 

PLACE. 

28.  (i)  Place  where  is  expressed  by  the  ablative 
with  the  preposition  in. 

Exception.  Names  of  towns  use  an  old  case 
called  the  Locative. 


PLACE.  49 

The  locative  in  the  singular  of  declensions  I.  and 
II.  is  the  same  form  as  the  genitive,  elsewhere 
commonly  the  ablative. 

These  locatives  are  also  found, 

domi,  at  home, 
ruri,  in  the  country, 
humi,  on  the  ground. 

(2)  Place  whither  is  expressed  by  the  accusative 
with  ad  or  in. 

Exception.  Names  of  towns  (also  domus  and  rus) 
omit  the  preposition. 

"  To,"  when  it  means  towards,  is  never  the  sign  of  the 
dative,  but  always  of  the  accusative. 

(3)  Place  whence  is  expressed  by  the  ablative  with 
ab  or  ex. 

Exception.  Names  of  towns  (also  domus  and  rus} 
omit  the  preposition. 

The  name  of  a  small  island  is  treated  as  if  it  were  a 
town. 

1.  naves    Tarenti    aedificatae    sunt,    ships   were    built    at 

Tarentum. 

2.  Pericles  Athenis  habitabat,  Pericles  lived  at  Athens. 

3.  exercitus  in  Hispaiiiam  missus   est,  an   army  was   sent 

to  Spain. 

4.  postero  die  Corinthum  pervenit,  on  the  next  day  he  came 

to  Corinth. 

5.  ex  Hispania  statim  discessit,  he  departed  at  once  from 

Spain. 


50  ANECDOTES. 

6.  Galli   Roma   baud   procul  aberant,  the  Gauls  were  not 

distant  from  Rome. 

7.  domum  ex  urbe  revenit,  he  returned  home  from  the  city. 

8.  Cypri   multi    erant    servi,    there   were   many   slaves    at 

Cyprus. 


ANECDOTES    FOR   TRANSLATION. 

The  following  nine  anecdotes  require  a  knowledge 
of- 

(a)  Comparison  of  Adjectives  (Irregular). 

(b)  Indicative   \  Passive   of    the   Third   and    Fourth 
Imperative  >       Conjugations. 

55.    The  Ugly  Duckling. 

IngentI  aliquando  gaudio  complebantur  incolae  cuius- 
dam  fundi,  gallma  enim  ex  ovis  pullos  nuper  excluserat. 
Unum  tamen  ex  ovis,  quod  grandius  erat  ceteris,  adhuc 
integrum  manebat.  Turn  pavo,  qui  maximus  natu  erat 
omnium,  his  verbis  gallinam  admonet :  "  lam  satis 
laboravisti ;  tandem  inutile  istud  ovum  desere."  At 
galllna  pertinax  consilium  pavonis  non  audit  multosque 
inde  dies  in  loco  manet.  Denique  post  tantum  laborem 
parit  pullum,  qui  ceteros  magnitudine  quidem  corporis 
superabat,  sed  specie  et  forma  longe  Inferior  videbatur  ; 
nam  erant  ei  turpes  pedes,  deforme  corpus,  collum 
procerum. 

gaudio,  37,  5.  integrum,  36,  5. 

cuiusdam,  52,  i.  inde,  44,  10. 

pullos,  26,  2.  quidem,  to  be  sure. 

excluserat,  from  excludo.  turpes,  opp.  pulchru 

grandius,  48,  5.  prScerum,  longum* 


ANECDOTES.  51 


56.     The  Ugly  Duckling  —  continued. 

Diu  in  hoc  fun  do  anaticula  turpis  vltam  infelicem 
agebat;  nemo  enim  el  favebat.  Gallinae  quidem  cum 
pavonibus  miseram  volucrem  spernebant,  quod  aquam  ita 
amavit.  Anates  autem  et  anseres  duris  rostrls  advenam 
sua  aqua  depellebant.  Tandem  maesta  et  infelix  a  fundo 
in  locum  desertum  effugit,  qua  sola  totam  hiemem  habita- 
bat.  At  vere  novo  ad  lacum  advenit,  in  quo  multi  cygni 
natabant.  His  duo  puerl  frusta  panis  iactabant.  Turn 
ilia,  quod  iam  mortem  optabat,  ad  cygnos  ipsa  natavit, 
flexitque  caput  ad  ictum  rostrorum.  At  attonita  suam 
imaginem,  quam  aqua  reddebat,  vidit  audlvitque  vocem 
puerorum,  qui  cygnum  ceteris  pulchriorem  laetl  accipie- 
bant.  Anaticula  enim  turpis  gracilis  cygnus  evaserat. 

fundo,  55,  2.  qua.  =  2uom  loco. 

anaticula  =parva  anas.  his  =  his  cygnis. 

turpis,  de for  mis,  55,  n.  flexit,  from  facto. 

depellebant,  deturbabant,  2,  7.  evaserat,  from  evado. 


57.    The  Touch  of  Gold. 

Midas,  rex  Phrygiae,  quod  olim  Baccho  placuerat, 
egregio  munere  a  deo  donatus  est.  "Delige,  rex  magne," 
inquit  deus,  "id  quod  maxime  cupis ;  hoc  tibi  libenter 
dabo."  Turn  vir  avarus  mirum  donum  impetravit,  omnia 
enim  quae  suo  corpore  tangebat  in  aurum  mutata  sunt. 
Pr5tinus  rex  laetus  regiam  domum  percurrebat  manuque 
vasa,  mensas,  lectos,  omnia  tangebat.  Inde  ubi  nihil 
ligni  aut  argent!  in  aedibus  manebat,  gratias  pro  tanto 
benencio  Baccho  persolvit  Tandem  labore  fessus  cenam 


52  ANECDOTES. 

poscit  avidisque  oculis  dapes  splendidas  lustrat  Mox 
tamen  ubi  piscem  ad  6s  admovet,  cibus  in  aurum  statim 
mutatus  est ;  rex  igitur,  cuius  in  faucibus  rigida  haerebat 
massa,  vlnum  poscit  ;  idem  evenit.  Tandem  rex  esu- 
riens,  quod  nihil  nee  edebat  nee  bibebat  compluribus 
diebus,  maximis  precibus  Bacchum  orat.  Inde  cum  risu 
deus  fatale  donum  amovet. 

egregio,  mlro.  dapes,  epulas,  9,  i. 

munere,  dond.  faucibus,  54,  12. 

protinus,  33,  5.  haerebat,  2,  5. 

ligni,  cf.  Itgneas,  40,  10.  esuriens,  49,  9. 

gratias  .  .  .  persolvit,  cf.  13, 12.  edebat,  34,  4. 

58.     The  Gossiping  Trees. 

Apollo  olim,  curvae  lyrae  inventor,  cum  Satyro  quodam 
de  arte  sua  decertabat.  Tandem  tanti  certaminis  arbi- 
trium  ambo  ad  Midam  regem  (de  quo  supra  demonstra- 
vimus)  commlserunt.  Rex  autem,  qui  numeros  omnino 
Ignorabat,  postquam  carmina  utriusque  audiverat,  Satyro 
palmam  dedit.  Deus  igitur,  tall  stultitia  iratus,  capiti 
regis  asini  aures  adfixit.  Turn  rex  callidum  consilium 
concepit ;  regium  enim  tonsorem  ascivit,  cuius  opera 
suum  dedecus  ab  oculis  omnium  abditum  est.  At  tonsor, 
vir  loquax,  qui,  dum  manet  in  urbe,  rem  vix  celabat,  rus 
discessit,  regisque  fortunam  arboribus  narravit.  Hae 
autem  comarum  susurro,  quod  vento  rami  agitati  sunt,  his 
verbis  rem  volgabant,  "  Sunt  Midae  aures  asini." 

commlserunt,  from  committo.  callidum,  44,  2. 

numeros,  modds,  41,  9.  tonsorem,  19,  4. 

utriusque,  54,  4.  ascivit,  advocdvit. 

palmam,  praemium,  48,  8.  CQia&r\mL,folidrum. 


ANECDOTES.  53 

59.     A  Scape-Goat. 

Volpes  sitiens,  quae  desiluerat  in  puteum  baud  ita 
altum  sed  lateribus  praeruptis  postquam  omnem  rationem 
fugae  frustra  tentaverat,  ab  omni  spe  reditus  interclusa 
est.  Mox  tamen  caper,  qul  aquam  petebat,  quod  fervid! 
solis  radii  agros  urebant,  ad  eundem  puteum  advenit. 
"  Salve,"  inquit,  "  dulcissima,  nonne  aqua  ista  frigida  est 
et  iucunda  ?  "  "  At  numquam  iucundiorem  bibi,"  respon- 
dit  volpes,  "  desili  igitur  quam  celerrime,  ego  enim  iam 
diu  parco  aquae,  quod  te  exspecto."  Hoc  ubi  audivit 
stultum  animal,  in  puteum  desiluit.  At  volpes  callida 
in  cornua  amici  prosiluit,  quorum  opera  sese  ad  terram 
sublevavit.  Inde  miser!  amici  immemor  domum  discessit. 

sitiens,  cf.  sitis,  54,  12.  reditus,  52,  7. 

desiluerat,  13,  9.  urebant,  54,  12. 

praeruptis,  26,  i.  callida,  58,  7. 

60.    Ingratitude. 

Apud  antiques  scriptores  multa  legimus  de  quodam 
equite,  qui  Philippum  (de  quo  supra  demonstravimus) 
mansuetudine  exsuperabat.  Huic  ehim,  dum  saucius 
humi  iacet,  aquam  multo  labore  apportaverat  amicus.  Is 
autem  insigni  abstinentia  aquam  uni  ex  hostibus,  qui 
iuxta  iacebat,  integram  praebuit.  At  perfidus  hostis,  dum 
donum  accipit,  cultro  manum  quae  poculum  porrigebat 
volneravit.  Turn  eques  ingrato  viri  animo  iratus,  post- 
quam eum  modice  culpaverat,  partem  aquae  ipse  bibit, 
partem  tamen  hosti  iterum  dedit. 

mansuetudine,  54,  3.  integram,  totam. 

saucius,  volneratus.  cultro,  27,  8. 

insigni,  mirdbili.  bibit,  58,  7. 


54  ANECDOTES. 


61.    The  Wolves. 

Omnium  animalium,  quae  Scythiam  incolunt,  taeterrimi 
sunt  lupl  ;  hi  enim  saepe  ab  omni  parte  conveniunt  per- 
que  silvas  magno  agmine  praedam  exquirunt.  Femina 
quaedam  cum  tribus  liberis  per  has  silvas  in  curru  vehe- 
batur.  Subito  luporum  ululatum  audiunt  et  mox  dlrum 
agmen  apparet.  Frustra  ilia  habenas  dat  equo,  equos 
enim  facile  cursu  adsiduo  exsuperant  lupi.  Vix  breve 
spatium  interponitur  miseraque  femina  linguas  san- 
guineas,  fauces  nigras,  dentes  crudeles  aspicit.  lam 
fervidum  spiritum  saevorum  animalium  fere  sentit.  Turn 
metu  vesano  mater  ex  curru  minimum  natu  liberorum 
deicit  et  dono  horribili  impetum  luporum  parumper 
cohibet. 

taeterrimi,  horribiles.  sanguineas,  cf.  sanguis,  47,  5. 

agmine,  grege,  25,  6.  fervidus,  59,  4. 

exquirunt,  petunt.  vesano,  insdno. 

habenas,  21,  7.  parumper,  opp.  diu,  2,  5. 


62.     The  Wolves  —  continued. 

Prlmo  atrox  consilium  successit,  lupl  enim,  dum  saevo 
clamore  praedam  rapiunt,  agmen  sistunt ;  mox  tamen 
ubi  carnem  ex  ossibus  miserl  infantis  dilaniaverant  (nee 
longus  ille  fuit  labor)  iterum  fugientibus  mstabant.  Ite- 
rum  femina  mfellx  idem  facit  alterumque  Infantem  lupls 
concedit.  lamque  per  arbores,  spectaculum  gratissimum, 
visa  sunt  tecta  aedium  in  quibus  amici  habitabant  fessus- 
que  equus  ingeminat  cursum.  Nee  tamen  domum  advenit, 


ANECDOTES.  55 

antequam  mater   tertium    Infantem   eodem   modo   morti 
obiecit. 

Inde  ubi  convocaverat  propmquos  fatum  liberorum 
suamque  fugam  narravit.  Turn  maximus  natu,  dum  ceteri 
horrore  obstupefacti  sunt  ;  "  Tu  tuis  infantibus,"  voce 
inquit  terribili,  "non  parcebas  ;  nee  ego  tibi  nunc  parcam." 
Haec  ubi  dixerat,  securi,  quam  manu  tenebat,  caput  impiae 
matris  percussit. 

atrox,  crudele,  24,  i.  ingeminat,  27,  10. 

dilaniaverant,  cf .  divellebat,  24,  2.        parcebas,  59,  9. 
mstabant,  i,  5.  percussit,  from  percutio. 

63.     A  Cat's  Paw. 

Apicio  mercatori,  qui  Capuae  vlvebat,  ex  Aegypto  felem, 
slmiam  ex  Libya  suae  naves  transportaverant.  Hae  qui- 
dem  bestiae  sub  tect5  mercatoris  concordissime  vivebant, 
longe  tamen  aliud  fuit  utrlusque  ingenium.  Ilia  natura 
tardier  magnam  diel  partem  dormiebat ;  haec  alacrior 
comitem  stolidam  saepe  per  ioca  vexabat.  Forte  Apicius 
castaneas  aliquando  Igne  torrebat  Has  ubi  videt  simia, 
ad  ignem  accedit  avidisque  oculls  nuces  observat.  Diu 
haeret  incerta ;  dulces  quamquam  fruges  animum  adliciunt, 
fervidus  ignis  a  furto  deterret.  Subito  manu  felem,  quae 
ante  ignem  more  suo  dormiebat,  rapit  et  pede  eius  casta- 
neas singillatim  ex  igne  detrahit.  Deinde  dum  ilia  magno 
gemitu  casum  deplorat,  ipsa  nuces  secura  devorat. 

aliud,  dissimile.  accedit,  appropmquat. 

tardior,  stolidior.  casum,  dolor  em. 

torrebat,  16,  6.  secura,  27,  3. 


56  INFINITIVE. 

VERB. 

29.    Every  Verb  has  two  parts  — 

(1)  Finite,  limited  by  person. 

amo,  /  love. 
amas,  you  love. 
amat,  he  loves. 

(2)  Non-finite,  not  limited  by  person. 

amare,  to  love. 


The  FzWte  part  of  the  verb  contains  the  indica- 
tive, subjunctive,  and  imperative  moods. 

The  Non-finite  part  of  the  verb  contains  infinitives, 
gerunds,  supines,  and  participles. 

These  are  partly  verb,  partly  substantive  or  adjec- 
tive. 

As  Verb       (i)  they  govern  cases. 

(2)  they  have  tenses. 
As  Noun    r  (i)  they  follow  the  ordinary  rules  of  num- 

or        ^  ber,  gender,  and  case. 

Adjective  [  (2)  they  cannot  form  complete  sentences. 

INFINITIVE. 
30.    The  Infinitive  is  used  — 

(i)  Like  the  nominative  of  an  ordinary  noun,  as  sub- 
ject to  a  verb;  e.g.— 

C  hoc  pomum  est  iucundum,  this  apple  is  pleasant. 
\  edere  est  iucundum,  to  eat  is  pleasant. 


SPACE.  57 

C  fames  nocet  pueris,  hunger  is  hurtful  to  boys. 

2.  \  m'minm  edere  nocet  pueris,  to  eat  too  much  is  hurtful 
I     to  boys. 

3.  videre  est  credere,  to  see  is  to  believe. 

4.  dare  quam  accipere  melius  est,  to  give  is  better  than  to 

receive. 

5.  Cato  dlcitur  discessisse  ex  urbe,  Cato  is  said  to  have 

gone  from  the  city. 

(2)  As  accusative  to  such  verbs  as  possum,  void,  audeo, 
soled,  conor,  incipio,  statud,  etc.,  which  are  not  often  found 
with  the  accusative  of  ordinary  nouns. 

1 .  ex  equis  pugnare  solent,  they  are  accustomed  to  fight  on 

horseback. 

2.  potesne  huic  persuadere  ?  are  you  able  to  persuade  him  ? 

SPACE. 

31.  In  measuring  distance,  height,  breadth,  etc., 
the  accusative  is  used. 

1.  Britannia  a  Gallia  multa  milia  passuum  abest,  Britain 

is  many  miles  distant  from  Gaul. 

2.  haec  arbor  est  viginti  duos  pedes  alta,  this  tree  is  twenty- 

two  feet  high. 

But  when  two  things  are  compared,  the  difference 
between  them  is  put  into  the  ablative. 

1.  multo   plures   quam   hostes  sumus,  we  are   much   more 

numerous  than  the  enemy. 

2.  altus  erat  sex  pedes,  pede  altior  quam  soror,  he  was  six 

feet  high,  a  foot  taller  than  his  sister. 


58  ANECDOTES. 

ANECDOTES    FOR   TRANSLATION. 

The  following  anecdotes  require  a  knowledge  of — 
(a)    Indicative  "1  passive   of   verbs   in  -id,  third   con- 
Imperative  J      jugation. 
(b}    Infinitive  active  of  the  four  conjugations. 
(c)    Ahoflossum,  void,  nolo,  maid. 

64.    A  Breach  of  Discipline. 

Fredericus,  Germanorum  rex,  quod  ab  hostibus  pre- 
mebatur,  saevissima  discipline,  mllites  cohibebat.  Rex 
saepe  noctu  solus  per  castra  ambulabat  et  ipse  custodes 
in  stationibus  disponebat.  Aliquando  dum  more  suo 
castra  perlustrat,  videt  lucernam  quae  in  tabernaculo 
finitimo  ardebat.  Rex  igitur,  qul  maxima  Ira  movebatur, 
quod  ignem  mllitibus  interdlxerat,  silenter  tabernaculum 
intravit.  Hie  miles  epistulam  scrlbebat  ad  uxorem.  Dum 
multis  verbis  dura  perlcula  belli,  suam  salutem,  amorem- 
que  constantem  narrat,  subito  regem  Iratum  aspicit.  Turn 
rex,  "  Iterum  epistulam  repete,  haec  tamen  adde  ;  vale, 
6  carissima,  eras  enim  ego,  quia  imperatorl  male  parui, 
capitis  damnabor." 

premebatur,  38,  7.  more  su5,  31,  3. 

cohibebat,  6 1,  ad  fin.  lucernam,  50,  6. 

stationibus,  29,  7.  ardebat,  14,  9. 

65.    A  Bull's-eye. 

Loxias,  quod  vitam  in  silvls  semper  degebat,  omnes 
alios  sagittarios  superabat.  Saepe  lupos  aquilasque  volu- 
cribus  sagittls  transflgebat,  nee  umquam  frustra  ab  eo 
telum  mlssum  est.  Forte  inc'olae  urbis  proplnquae  ludos 
sollemnes  celebrabant.  Prlmo  quadrlgas  agitabant  iuvenes, 
deinde  pugnls  certabant,  postremo  certamen  sagittariorum 


ANECDOTES.  59 

Institutum  est.  Diu  Loxias,  qui  cum  ceteris  decertare 
noluit,  se  a  certamine  abstinuit,  nee  arcum  ab  umerls 
amovit.  Denique  quidam  ex  regiis  sagittariis,  cul  nomen 
erat  Hubertus,  sive  casu,  seu  quod  ventus  ei  favebat, 
mediam  metam  sagitta  transfixit.  Turn  demum  Loxias 
arcum  tendit  et  suo  telo  sagittam  HubertI  in  duas  partes 
findit.  Ingens  ad  caelum  tollitur  clamor  omnesque  Loxian 
victorem  salutant. 

degebat,  agebat,  56,  i,  2.  pugnis,  from  piignus. 

sagittarios,  cf.  sagitta.  certabant,  decertdbant,  58,  2. 

45,  2.         arcum,  47,  2. 


66.    The  Weather-wise  Donkey. 

Ludovicus,  rex  Gallorum,  fidem  maximam  habebat  el 
generi  hominum,  qui  astrologi  vocantur,  quod  motu  stella- 
rum  imbres  ventosque  praedlcere  solent.  Rex,  qui  multum 
in  venationibus  erat,  aliquando  dum  magnum  cervum 
canibus  per  silvas  agitat,  celeri  equo  longe  ante  omnes 
socios  praetervectus  est.  Interea  caelum  nubibus  obscu- 
ratur  gravisque  imber  cum  multa  grandine  in  terram 
decidit.  Rex  igitur,  quod  parvam  casam  inter  arbores 
videt,  tempestatis  perfugium  petit.  Turn  ubi  is  graviter 
incusabat  indoctos  illos  astrologos,  "  Nulla  tamen  tem- 
pestas,"  respondit  agricola  cuius  casa  erat,  "me  incautum 
excipit  ;  semper  enim  meus  asinus,  qui  fruges  horti  ad 
forum  portare  solet,  voce  rauca  imbrem  mihi  praedicit." 
"  Nlmirum,"  cum  risu  respondit  rex,  "  si  tuus  asinus  tarn 
bonus  astrologus  est,  meos  astrologos  posthac  in  numero 
asinorum  habebo." 

venationibus,  cf.  n,  4.  indoctSs,  tgndrds,  u,  2. 

agitat,  65,  5.  rauca,  12,  8. 

incusabat,  increpdbat,  1  6,  9.  risu,  57,  ad  fin. 


60  ANECDOTES. 

67.    How  to  please  Everybody! 

Senex  quidam,  qui  asinum  vendere  voluit,  cum  filio  eum 
ad  urbem  ducebat.  Mox  occurrunt  choro  virginum,  quae 
dona  ad  templum  Minervae  portabant.  "  Hercle,"  inquit 
ex  his  maxima  natu,  "numquid  potest  esse  stultius  illls, 
qui  pedibus  iter  faciunt,  nee  asino  vehuntur?"  Hoc  ubi 
audlvit  senex,  filium  asinum  conscendere  iussit  et  ipse 
alacri  gressu  iter  pergebat.  Non  procul  ab  eo  loco  aliqul 
senes  sermonem  inter  se  serebant.  Turn  unus,  "Eheu," 
inquit,  "  quantum  tempora  mutantur  !  Ubi  nunc  est  ille 
senectutis  proprius  honor  ?  desili  ex  asino,  puer  impu- 
dens,  et  patrl  cede."  Inde  iuvenis,  quern  pudor  fact!  iam 
movet,  celeriter  id  quod  sibi  imperatum  est  facit  senexque 
invicem  asinum  conscendit. 

occurrunt,  ir,  6.  alacri,  celeri. 

maxima  natu,  cf.  minimum  ndtu,  61,  n.       pergebat,  27,  4. 
vehuntur,  cf.  praeterv'ectus  est,  66,  6.  desili,  59,  8. 

68.     How  to  please  Everybody !  —  continued. 

Forte  via  secundum  flumen  ducebat,  in  quo  duae  feminae 
vestes  lavabant.  Hae  ubi  viatores  vident,  una  voce  crude- 
litatem  patris  filique  durum  laborem  plorant.  Senex  igitur, 
qui  omnibus  placere  vult,  puerum  post  se  sedere  iubet. 
Nee  tamen  ea  res  prospere  evenit,  quod  alius  viator  iis 
occurrit.  "O  impudentiam  nefandam!"  inquit,  "facilius 
potestis  asinum  ipsi  vehere,  quam  vos  miserum  animal." 
Turn  senex,  qui  ne  id  quidem  ineptum  putabat,  postquam 
crura  asini  funibus  ad  magnum  contum  vinxerat,  novum 
onus  cum  maximo  labore  in  suos  filique  umeros  sub- 
levavit.  At  asinus,  cui  haec  minime  placebant,  dum 


DOUBLE  ACCUSATIVE.  61 

ponte  flumen  transmittunt,  subito  nisu  vincula  rumpit  et 
in  aquam  praecipitatur. 

evenit,  41,  10.  contum,  27,  4. 

occurrit,  67,  2.  sublevavit,  59,  12. 

vehere,  portdre.  transmittunt,  trdnseunt. 

DOUBLE    ACCUSATIVE. 

32.    Verbs  which  make  sense  with  an  accusative 
either  of  the  person  or  of  the  thing,  sometimes  use 
both  at  once.     This  is  called  Double  Accusative. 
te  philosophiam  docebo,  /  will  teach  you  philosophy. 

(1)  With  some  verbs  the  accusative  of  the  thing  is 
generally  expressed  by  the  present  infinitive. 

docebo  te  tacere,  /  will  teach  you  to  be  silent. 
quis  te  vetuit  canere,  who  forbade  your  singing? 
omnes  discedere  iussit,  he  ordered  all  to  depart. 
Cimbros  prohibuerunt  suos  fines  vastare,  they  kept  the  Cimbri 
from  laying  waste  their  territories. 

(2)  If  converted  into  the  passive  — 

Accusative  of  person  becomes  nominative. 
Accusative  of  thing  remains. 

magister  docet  puenim  litteras,  the  master  teaches  the  boy 
letters. 

puer  docetur  litteras  a  magistro,  the  boy  is  taught  letters 
by  the  master. 

patres  consulem  exercitum  scribere  iussenmt,  the  fathers 
ordered  the  consul  to  enroll  an  army. 

consul  a  patribus  exercitum  scribere  iussus  est,  the  con- 
sul was  ordered  by  the  fathers  to  enroll  an  army. 


62  ANECDOTES. 

QUALITY. 

33.    A  quality  is  something  peculiar  in  a  man  which 
distinguishes  him  from  others. 

A  man  •with  a  beard. 
In  English  quality  is  expressed  — 

By  an  adjective. 

A  talented  man. 

By  the  equivalent  of  the  Latin  genitive. 
A  man  of  talents. 

By  the  equivalent  of  the  Latin  ablative. 
A  man  without  talent. 

In  Latin,  if  the  genitive  or  ablative  is  used,  an 
epithet  must  always  be  put  in. 

vir  ingeniosus,  a  talented  man. 

vir  summi  ingenl,  a  man  of  the  highest  talent. 

vir  nullo  ingenio,  a  man  without  any  talent. 


ANECDOTES    FOR   TRANSLATION. 
The  following  anecdotes  require  a  knowledge  of— 

(a)  Infinitive  passive  of  the  four  conjugations. 
(£)  Also  fero,  fid,  eo. 

69.     The  Inexhaustible  Purse. 

Die  Dianae  sacro  duo  advenae  sordida  veste  et  specie 
humill  cibum   petebant  ab   Ephesiis,  qul  templum  deae 


ANECDOTES.  63 

celebrabant.  Ubi  ex  tot  divitibus  nemo  preces  audire 
voluit,  piscatorem  pauperem,  qui  adstabat,  auxilium  roga- 
verunt.  "At,"  respondit  ille,  "  est  mihi  nee  cibus  nee 
argentum  domi,  quod  continuae  tempestates  pisces  a 
nostrls  oris  iamdudum  depellunt.  Si  tamen  mecum  venire 
vultis,  hanc  noctem  sub  meo  tecto  requiescere  poteritis." 
Inde  advenas,  qui  laeti  beneficium  accipiunt,  domum  ad 
uxorem  ducit.  Ilia  autem  maesta,  quod  digno  hospitio 
advenas  non  potest  accipere,  loculos  vacuos,  inopiae  sig- 
num,  ostendit.  Subito  ad  terram  decidunt  asses  duo. 
Piscator  miraculo  attonitus  vinum  cibumque  emit ;  nee 
posthac  duram  paupertatem  ferebat,  numquam  enim  loculir 
deerant  divmi  asses. 

sordid!,  squalida.  Oris,  litoribus,  43,  6. 

veste,  vestimentd,  17,  i.  maesta,  trtstis,  53,  6. 

divitibus,  from  dives.  decidunt,  66,  8. 

adstabat,  aderat.  paupertatem,  cf.  pauperem,  4. 

rogaverunt,  petierunt.  deerant,  from  desum, 

70.    The  Golden  Loaf. 

Lydon,  agricola  pauper  sed  probus,  aliquando  cum 
filio  edebat  parvum  panem,  quem  totius  die!  mercede  vix 
emerat.  Dum  puer  dentibus  suam  partem  panis  frangit, 
complures  nummi  aurei,  qui  in  cibo  occulti  erant,  in 
gremium  eius  deciderunt.  Hoc  ubi  videt  puer,  "  Accipe," 
inquit  laeta  voce,  "  pater,  hos  nummos,  quos  deus  aliquis 
tibi,  paupertatis  remedium,  tribuit."  "  Minime,  caris- 
sime,"  respondit  pater,  "pecuniam  potius  reddemus 
pistori,  qui,  dum  panem  coquit,  pecuniam  cum  farina 
nescio  quo  casu  miscuit."  Sine  mora  ambo  ad  pistorem 
properant  remque  narrant.  Turn  ille,  "  Macte  virtute, 


64  ANECDOTES. 

Lydon  ;.  fortunam  quam  bene  meruisti  carpe ;  hunc  enim 
panem  iussu  regis  el  quern  inveni  probissimum  libenter  do." 

probus,  opp.  inhonestus,  8,  i.  deciderunt,  69,  ad  fin. 

edebat,  57,  ad  fin.  nescio  q\id  =  atit?u0. 

emerat,  69,  ad  fin.  casu,  63,  ad  fin. 

nummi,  36,  6.  carpe,  38,  6. 

71.     Hospitality. 

Multa  audivimus  de  luxu  divitilsque  eorum  sacerdotum 
qui  sacrls  Cereris  praeerant.  Ex  his  unus,  cui  nomen 
erat  Lycus,  quamquam  modicas  modo  divitias  habebat, 
omnes  alios  benignitate  et  liberalitate  superabat.  Hie 
enim,  qui  cottidie  cibum  semel  edebat,  semper  ad  fruga- 
lem  cenam  binos  pauperes  vocabat.  Aliquando  dum  cum 
duobus  pauperibus  cenare  incipit,  tertius  hospes,  quem 
ipse  non  vocaverat,  domum  intravit.  Turn  Lycus,  quod 
cena  quattuor  convivis  non  suppetebat,  suum  lectum 
advenae  concessit.  (Romani  enim,  dum  cenant,  in  lectis 
semper  iacebant.)  "Tu,""  inquit,  "hodie  cena  ;  equidem 
heri  cenavi  ;  eras  quoque,  si  dis  ita  placet,  cenabo." 

praeerant,  fromfraesum.  convivis,  9,  i. 

benignitate,  cf.  benignus,  n,  i.       lectum,  57,  7. 
pauperes,  70,  i.  dis,  from  deus,  13,  ad  fin. 

72.    Honesty  is  the  Best  Policy. 

Padius,  agricola  probus,  qui  multo  labore  aliquid  argenti 
conlegerat,  vaccam  tandem  emit,  cuius  lacte  et  sese  et 
liberos  alebat.  Complures  menses  satis  pabuli  praebebat 
pratum  baud  ita  magnum ;  at  media  aestate,  quod  totus 
ager  ardore  solis  torrebatur,  ilia  fame  misere  pressa  est. 
Hoc  ubi  sensit  Padius,  quod  acerrimo  dolore  perturbatus 


ANECDOTES.  65 

est,  ad  horreum  divitis  colon!,  qui  non  procul  habitabat, 
noctu  accessit.  Hie  postquam  umeros  magno  fen  I  pondere 
oneravit,  subito  suae  virtutis  memor  pabulum  his  verbis 
ad  terrain  deiecit ;  "  Magna  est  probitas,  nee  malo  furto 
vaccam  servare  volo."  Postrldie  colonus,  quern  nee  factum 
nee  verba  Pad!  fefellerant,  donum  ad  eum  misit  tantum 
feni,  quantum  plaustro  vehl  poterat,  cum  epistula,  in  qua 
haec  scripta  erant:  "Magna  vero  est  probitas,  equidem 
tamen  tuam  vaccam  servare  volo." 

praebebat,  60,  6.  fefellerant,  from /#//<?. 

torrebatur,  16,  6.  vehl,  portdri. 

probitas,  cf.  probus.  equidem,  71,  ad  fin. 

73.     Self-Restraint. 

Voluerunt  olim  animalia  novum  creare  regem,  quod 
leo,  qui  regnum  antea  obtinuerat,  a  venatore  quodam 
occisus  erat.  Itaque  certo  die  simius,  cuius  ioca  ceteris 
magno  opere  placebant,  suffragils  omnium  rex  creatus  est. 
Volpes  tamen,  cui  simi  nova  dlgnitas  minime  grata  fuit, 
regem  submovere  constituit.  "Veni  mecum,"  inquit, 
"  rex  magne,  inveni  enim  sub  antiqua  quercu  multum 
argenti,  quod  iure  regum  tibi  proprium  est."  Simius 
statim  iussit  earn  ad  locum  se  ducere  inciditque  in  plagas, 
quas  volpes  paraverat.  Turn  ilia  cum  rlsu,  "  Quo  modo 
tu  potes,"  inquit,  "  alios  regere,  qui  ne  te  ipsum  quidem 
regere  potes  ? " 

regnum  obtinuerat,  regndverat.  mecum,  69,  7. 

magno  opere,  maxime.  plagas,  insidids. 

submovere,  cf.  dmovet,  57,  ad  fin.  paraverat,  fecerat. 


66  ANECDOTES. 

74.     A  Promising  Pupil. 

Medicus  qiridam  gloriosus,  qui  maxima  paupertate 
premebatur,  omnium  animos  in  se  convertere  voluit.  Is 
igitur  dum  per  urbem  album  asinum  ducit,  magna  voce 
clamitabat,  "  Hunc  quern  videtis  asinum,  elves,  litteras 
Latmas  docere  possum."  Turn  rex,  cui  id  nuntiatum  est, 
postquam  hominem  ad  se  arcessivit,  eum  rem  statim 
perficere  iussit.  Is  vero  operam  libenter  suscipit,  sed 
moram  decem  annorum  postulat.  Postero  die  unus  ex 
amicis  medicum  ita  admonuit ;  "  Fuge,  6  stultissime,  ex 
hac  regione,  tu  enim  capitis  certe  damnaberis,  quod  rem 
quae  fieri  non  potest  suscepistl."  At  ille,  "  Bono  es 
animo,  amice  ;  nam  decem  annis  aut  ego  aut  rex  aut 
asinus  occiderimus." 

premebatur,  38,  7.  capitis  damnaberis,  64,  ad  fin. 

arcessivit,  advdcdvit.  occiderimus,  47,  7. 

75.    Counting  her  Chickens. 

Phyllis,  ancilla  quaedam,  mulctrarium  novi  lactis  ple- 
num Nolam  ferebat.  Dum  iter  facit,  suas  opes  ita 
numerabat.  "  Certe,"  inquit,  "  ubi  lac  vendidero,  ova 
complura  potero  emere.  Nonne  ex  ovls  gignuntur  pulli  ? 
ex  pullis  argentum  ?  Turn  suem  emere  in  animo  est, 
quae  brevi  porculos  multos  mihi  pariet.  Inde  erit  mihi 
vacca  ;  nee  multo  post  vitulus  fusco  colore,  oculis  pulcher- 
rimis.  Quanta  laetitia  vitulum,  dum  saltat  in  pratis, 
aspiciam  !  "  Haec  ubi  dixit,  prae  gaudio  saltavit  ipsa,  quo 
subito  motu  lac  omne  una  cum  divitiarum  spe  effusum  est. 

opes,  divitids.  pariet,  feret. 

suem,  from  sus.  fusco,  nigro. 

brevi,  brevi  temfore.  effusum?  from  effunrfo. 


PARTICIPLES.  67 

PARTICIPLES. 

34.  Participles  are  partly  Adjective,  partly  Verb. 

Participles  may  often  be  translated  by  a  relative 
clause,  or  by  an  adverbial  clause,  introduced  by  the 
conjunctions  when,  while,  because,  etc. 

1 .  vidi  meum  fTlinm  salt antem. 

(  dancing. 
I  saw  my  son  \      7  .,  7  .       . 

^  while  he  was  dancing. 

2.  vidi  latronem  gladio  armatum. 

(  armed  with  a  sword. 
I  have  seen  a  robber  4       .  , 

(  who  was  armed. 

3.  hostes  victi  pacem  petiemnt 

(  conquered,  sought  for  peace. 
The  enemy,  \        y  °      J 

(  when  they  had  been  conquered. 

4.  milites  armis  impediti  fugere  non  potuerunt. 

(  hammered  with  their  arms,  could  not  flee. 
The  soldiers,  \  ,  .,  ,        .       , 

(^  because  they  were  hampered. 

5.  flumen  eos  transituros  equites  oppressenint. 

(  about  to  cross  the  river. 

The  cavalry  surprised  them  <         ,  ,     .    .  ^ 

(  as  they  were  on  the  point. 

N.B.  —  Remember  that  the  past  participle  is  passive,  and  do  not 
translate  it  by  having. 

PRICE   AND    VALUE. 

35.  Fixed  value   is   expressed    by  the  ablative  ; 
tmfixed  value  is  expressed  by  the  genitive. 

i.   parvi  hostes  habet,  he  thinks  the  enemy  of  little  impor- 
tance. 


68  ANECDOTES. 

2.  emit  hortos  ducentis  minis,  he  bought  the  gardens  for  two 

hundred  minae, 

3.  vendidi  altenim  equum  talento,  alterum  pluris,  /  sold  one 

horse  for  a  talent,  the  other  for  more. 
f  quanti  aestimas  agnim  ?    at  what  price  do  you  value  the 

4.  J       field? 

[_  quinque  talentis,  (af)  five  talents. 

36.  The  relative  is  often  used  in  Latin  after  a 
full  stop.  This  does  not  make  the  sentence  adjec- 
tival, but  simply  serves  to  connect  it  with  what  has 
gone  before. 

RULE  12.  —  After  a  full  stop  do  not  translate  the 
relative  by  who  or  which,  but  by  the  demonstratives 
he,  this,  etc.,  with  or  without  a  conjunction. 

1 .  quod  ubi  sensit,  (and}  when  he  perceived  this. 

2.  cui  respond! t  senex,  (buf)  the  old  man  answered  him. 


ANECDOTES    FOR   TRANSLATION. 

76.    Adventures  of  Robert,  King  of  Scots. 

Robertus,  Scotorum  rex,  vir  et  armis  et  virtute  inslgnis, 
bellum  cum  Britannls  non  prospere  prlmo  gerebat.  Erant 
enim  in  castris  hostium  complures  Scot!,  qui  ob  privatam 
invidiam  Britannls  auxilium  praebebant.  Ex  his  unus 
constituit  regem  capere  per  canem  fidelissimum,  quern 
ipse  donum  ab  eo  acceperat.  Robertus  forte  maioribus 
hostium  copiis  circumdatus  suos  fugae  causa  in  omnes 


ANECDOTES.  69 

partes  discedere  iusserat ;  ipse  tamen  cum  uno  comite  se 
in  silvas  abdidit.  At  hostes  cane  ductl  regis  perfugium 
facile  invenerunt.  Hie  autem  latratu  canis  admonitus 
per  alveum  fluminis  duo  milia  passuum  ambulavit ;  quo 
consilio  saevos  hostes  elusit.  Canis  enim,  qui  vestigia 
domini  terra  cognoscere  poterat,  aqua  omnino  falsus  est. 

insignis,  30,  7.  abdidit,  from  abdo. 

constituit,  73,  6.  elusit,  decepit. 

se . . .  abdidit,  se  celavit,  1 2, 10.  falsus  est,  47,  i. 

77.  Adventures  of  Robert  —  continued. 

Postquam  duas  horas  in  silva  densissima  erraverant, 
tandem  rex  comesque  fidelis  tribus  viris  armatis  specie 
feroci  obviam  iverunt.  Rex  tamen,  etsi  hos  in  susplcione 
habuit,  fame  confectus  hospitium  datum  non  abnuit. 
Inde  ductus  ad  casam,  quae  baud  procul  aberat,  benigne 
acceptus  est  a  latronibus,  qul  totam  ovem  coxerunt 
magnamque  partem  advenls  dederunt.  Post  cenam  Ro- 
bertus  longo  labore  defessus  somno  sese  dedit.  Comes 
tamen,  qui  a  rege  vigilare  iussus  erat,  gravi  somno  op- 
pressus  officium  omisit.  Turn  latrones,  qui  ipsi  somnum 
simulaverant,  furtim  petebant  earn  partem  casae  qua 
hospites  dormiebant. 

obviam   iverunt,  occurrerunt.       coxerunt,  from  coquo. 

etsi,  quamquam.  Smisit,  neglexit. 

abnuit,  recusat,  28,  8.  furtim,  cf.  furtum  ;  fur,  12,  10. 

78.  Adventures  of  Robert  —  continued. 

Rex  tamen,  qui  leviter  dormiebat,  somno  excitatus  a 
lecto  prosiluit  et  postquam  comitem  suscitavit,  gladium 
destrinxit.  Atrox  inde  certamen  factum  est,  rex  enim 


70  ANECDOTES. 

gladio  unum  e  latronibus  transfixit ;  at  comes  Infelix 
subitd  impetu  perturbatus  a  latronibus  interfectus  est. 
Turn  rex  Ira  et  dolore  incensus,  quod  gladium  e  corpore 
latronis  interfecti  detrahere  non  poterat,  face  ardenti, 
quam  e  foco  corripuerat,  alterius  latronis  caput  ellsit. 
Quod  ubi  videt  tertius,  morte  comitum  perterritus  fugam 
tentavit.  Nee  tamen  e  periculo  evasit,  rex  enim  iam 
armatus  gladio  quo  occisum  latronem  spoliaverat,  hostem 
fugientem  mortal!  volnere  confecit. 

destrinxit,  eduxit.  ellsit,//^'/,  65,  13. 

certamen,  pugna.  evasit,  effugit. 


79.    A  Lover  Lost. 

Galli,  qul  audaciam  maximl  aestimabant,  ferarum  cer- 
taminibus  multum  delectabantur.  Aliquando  rex  cum 
magna  caterva  nobilium  mulierumque  clararum  ludos 
sollemnes  aspiciebat.  Quaedam  ex  his,  quae  sponsi  forti- 
tudinem  tentare  voluit,  aureum  torquem  deiecit  in  mediam 
harenam,  qua  leo  ingens  cum  duobus  tigribus  certamen 
acerrimum  agebat.  "Tu  quidem,"  inquit,  "si  quid  in  te 
residet  amoris  erga  me,  torquem  mihi  e  feris  eripe." 
Statim  iuvenis  his  verbis  accensus  in  harenam  se  praeci- 
pitavit ;  saltu  alacri  torquem  rapuit  ;  tutus  cum  praemio 
rediit.  Turn  ille,  dum  omnes  factum  plaudunt,  cum  risu 
ad  pedes  virginis  crudelis  torquem  proiecit.  "  Tu  qui- 
dem," inquit,  "rneam  vitam  minimi  habuisti ;  ego  tuum 
amorem." 

sponsi,  cf.  29,  5.  praemio,  palmd,  58,  6. 

deiecit,  38,  10.  proiecit,  52,  8. 

alacri,  celeri.  habuisti,  aestimdvisti. 


ANECDOTES.  71 

80.  The  Guards  Outwitted. 

Henrlcus,  rex  Britannorum,  qul  cum  civibus  turbu- 
lentis  bellum  gerebat,  filium  suum  equitatui  praefecerat. 
Hie  tamen,  iuvenis  acer,  quod  equitibus  hostium  effusis 
audacius  mstiterat,  tandem  captus  est  ab  hostibus.  Victo- 
res  autem,  qul  'captive  volebant  indulgere,  eum  sinebant 
cottidie  cum  paucis  custodibus  in  equo  vehl.  Aliquando 
custodes  iussu  principis  inter  se  cursu  equorum  contende- 
bant.  Tandem  postquam  equi  omnium  cursu  et  labore 
confectl  sunt,  prmceps,  qul  a  certamine  de  industria 
abstinebat,  "  En,"  inquit,  "  vobis  novum  certamen  propo- 
no."  Cum  his  verbls  equum  integrum  incitavit  celeriter- 
que  e  conspectu  hostium  fessorum  ad  amicos  vectus  est. 

turbulentis,  s'editiosls,  21,  3.  institerat,  perseciitus  erat. 

effusis,  pulsis.  confecti,  defessl. 

81.  A  Disguised  Monarch. 

lacobus,  rex  Scotorum,  vir  gloriae  militaris  avidus, 
saepe  sine  ullo  comite  errabat,  veste  suae  fortunae  dissi- 
mili  indutus.  Olim  dum  per  quandam  silvam  iter  facit, 
de  improviso  a  tribus  latronibus  oppressus  in  maximum 
capitis  periculum  adductus  est.  At  rusticus  quidam,  qui 
ad  clangorem  armorum  occurrerat,  securi  armatus  regi 
volneribus  et  labore  paene  confecto  auxilium  attulit  fuga- 
vitque  latrones.  Turn  ubi  rusticus  pro  tanto  beneficio 
praemium  accipere  noluit,  rex  "Saltern,"  inquit,  "redl 
mecum  ad  urbem,  qua  te  dlgno  accipiam  hospitio,  quod 
ipse  apud  regem  habito." 

indutus,  47,  ad  fin.  oppressus,  raptus. 

de  impr5vis5,  subito.  attulit,  from  adfero. 


72  DEPONENT  VERBS. 

82.     Which  is  the  King? 

Rusticus,  qui  regem  videre  valde  cupiebat,  laetus  cum 
hospite  Ignoto  ad  regiam  iter  fecit.  Post  cenam  rex  "  Si 
vis,"  inquit,  "  mecum  in  alteram  partem  aedium  Ire,  et 
regem  et  nobiles  complures  tibi  ostendam."  "  Maxime," 
respondit  rusticus,  "  sed  quo  modo  regem  cognoscere 
potero  ? "  "Facile,"  respondit  ille,  "nam  ceterl  sunt 
capite  nudato,  rex  autem  solus  capite  operto  manet." 
Inde  splendidum  ineunt  atrium,  ubi  adstant  virl  complu- 
res, ostro  Insignes  et  auro.  Frustra  rusticus  oculis  regem 
per  totum  coetum  exquirit.  Tandem  ad  comitem  versus  ; 
"  Ex  nobis,"  inquit,  "  alter  rex  necessario  est,  nam  soli  ex 
tanto  coetu  capite  sumus  operto." 

valde,  mdxime.  ostrd,  30,  7. 

vis,  from  void.  adstant,  69,  4. 

DEPONENT   VERBS. 

37.  Deponent  Verbs  are  passive  in  form  but  active 
in  meaning. 

morior,  /  die. 
queror,  /  complain. 

(1)  The  present  and  future  participles  are  active  in 
form  as  well  as  meaning. 

querens,  complaining. 
questums,  about  to  complain. 

(2)  The  past  participle  of  deponent  verbs  is  active  in 
meaning,  and  may  therefore  be  translated  by  having. 

questus,  having  complained. 


ANECDOTES.  73 

Fruor,  Fungor,  Etc. 

The  verbs  iitor,  fruor,  fungor,  potior,  vescor,  are 
used  with  the  ablative  case  instead  of  the  accusative. 

The  ablative  follows  also 

the  adjectives  dlgnus,  worthy,  indlgnus,  unworthy  ; 
the  substantives  opus,  need,  and  usus,  use. 


ANECDOTES   FOR   TRANSLATION. 

83.     Dumb  Show. 

Admetus,  vir  pauper  sed  Idem  acri  ingenio  praeditus, 
quod  nihil  cibi  duobus  diebus  gustaverat,  fame  deperibat. 
Tertio  autem  die  dum  aedes  splendidas  praeterit,  a  portae 
custode  aliquid  cibi  petiit.  Hie  autem  hominis  miseritus 
iussit  eum  domum  ingredl  atque  ab  ipso  domino  cibum 
petere.  Admetus  id  quod  imperatum  est  facit  dominum- 
que  in  atrio  sedentem  invenit.  QuI  ubi  rem  cognovit, 
"  Agite,"  inquit,  "  servi,  aquam  quam  celerrime  adferte." 
Deinde  paulisper  moratus,  etsi  apparebant  nee  servi  nee 
aqua,  manus  lavantis  gestum  imitatus  est.  Admetus,  etsi 
re  satis  attonitus  est,  tamen  quod  noluit  dominum  offen- 
dere,  idem  fecit.  Deinde  dominus  servos  primam  cenam 
apponere  iussit  et  tamquam  veras  dapes  et  ipse  edit  et 
hospiti  praebet. 

fame,  38,  6.  paulisper,  breve  tempus. 

ingredl,  intrdre.  apponere,  14,  ad  fin. 

atrium,  82,  8.  dapes,  epulds,  9,  i. 


74  ANECDOTES. 

84.     Dumb  Show — continued. 

Postquam  eodem  modo  simulates  dapes  ab  6v6  usque 
ad  mala  devoraverunt,  Admetus  iam  ab  omni  spe  cibi 
delectus,  "  Siste,"  inquit,  "laborem,  satis  enim  edi,  ultra 
nee  possum  nee  void."  Cui  dominus,  "  At,  si  non  edere, 
certe  aliquid  bibere  potes."  Simul,  "  Agite,"  inquit, 
"  servl,  adferte  mihi  illud  vinum,  quod  cado  avus  noster 
Plancus  condidit."  Deinde,  ut  an  tea,  postquam  vlsus 
erat  vinum  effundere  in  f Ictum  poculum,  id  amico  tradidit. 
Hie  autem  personam  etiam  melius  sustinuit ;  prlmum 
enim  ad  lucem  poculum  sustulit,  deinde  vim  odorem 
naribus  captavit,  postremo  absorbere  visus  est.  Postquam 
saepius  vinum  biberat,  ebrium  simulans,  crura  et  bracchia 
iactare  incipit  ;  denique,  tamquam  casu,  caput  hospitis 
iocosi  ictu  gravissimo  pulsavit.  Inde  dum  ille  hum!  iacet 
saucius,  hie  foras  sese  eripuit. 

mala,  poma,  3,  5.  sustulit,  from  tollo. 

delectus,  79,  5.  saucius,  volneratus. 

visus  erat,  from  videor.  se  eripuit,  fugit. 

85.     A  Hard  Bargain. 

Agricola  quidam,  vir  dives  atque  idem*  av^rus,  dum  per 
agros  errat,  opes  divitiasque  secure,  considerabat.  Sege- 
tes  quidem  aristis,  pomis  arboj^s.  oneratae  sunt,  stabula 
autem  bobus  pinguibus  iumentisque  abundabant.  Ex  agris^ 
domum  regressus,  postquam  aedes  intravit,  arcam.  ubi 
nummi  conditi  sunt,  avidis  oculis  contemplabatur.  Subito- 
vocem  audivit  dicentis  :  "  Num  auro  divitiisque  bene: 
usus  es  ?  Umquamne  pauperes  egenosque  curavisti  ? "" 
Qua  voce  attonitus  dum  vitam  praeteritam  recenset, 


ANECDOTES.  75 

occurrit  pauper  quidam  et  aliquid  argenti  ab  eo  petiit. 
"  Id  tibi  libenter  dabo,"  respondit  ille,  "  si  voles  meum 
sepulcrum  dies  noctesque  tres  custodlre."  Quibus  verbis 
pecuniam  alter!  tradidit  et  statim  e  vita  discessit. 

segetes,  agri.  umquamne  =  num.  umquam. 

bdbus,  from  bos.  egenos,  14,  i. 

nummi,  pecunia.  recenset,  secum  considerat. 

86.     A  Hard  Bargain  —  continued. 

Inde  pauper  iustis  funebribus  perfunctus,  quod  fidem 
datam  violare  noluit,  per  duas  noctes  sepulcrum  agricolae 
custodiebat.  Tertia  tamen  nocte  Mors  ipsa  apparuit 
funebri  veste  induta,  et  corpus  sibi  tradl  iussit.  Is  autem, 
etsl  capilli  prae  metu  horruerunt,  promlssi  non  oblitus 
Mortem  ita  adlocutus  est.  "  Equidem,  Mors,  hoc  cadaver 
tibi  concedam  ;  repeto  tamen  pro  tali  munere  tantum  aurl 
quantum  ex  mels  cothurnis  alterum  compleverit."  Mors 
non  respuit  condicionem.  Inde  dum  haec  pecuniam 
arcessit,  ille  cultro  imum  cothurnum  perforat.  Haud  ita 
multo  post  Mors  regressa  nummorum  saccum,  quern 
reportavit,  in  cothurnum  effudit.  Mlrata  quod  cothurnus 
nondum  completus  est,  alterum  saccum  priore  maiorem 
arcessivit.  Tandem  postquam  ne  hie  quidem  cothurnum 
complere  valuit,  dum  tertium  saccum  arcessit,  sole  oriente 
excepta  necessario  fugere  coacta  est. 

induta,  vestita.  respuit,  abnuit,  37,  ad  fin. 

adlocutus,  from  adloquor.  arcessit,  adfert. 

cadaver,  corpus.  regressa,  85,  5. 

munere,  beneficio.  excepta,  deprehensa. 

alterum,  unum.  coacta,  from  cogo. 


76  ANECDOTES. 

87.     The  Foolish  Maid-Servants. 

Anus  quaedam,  quae  baud  procul  Tarento  ab  urbe 
habitavit,  suas  ancillas  ad  galll  cantum  e  somno  excitare 
solebat.  Hae  igitur  quod  a  prlma  luce  usque  ad  occa- 
sum  solis  laborem  sustinere  coactae  sunt,  gallum  malo- 
rum  causam  occidere  constituerunt.  Postero  igitur  die 
sub  vesperum,  dum  altera  pedes  galll  utraque  manu 
retinet  aversata,  altera,  quae  paulo  audacior  fuit,  caput 
avis  Infellcis  securi  percussit.  Id  tamen  longe  aliter 
evenit  ac  putabant.  Postquam  enim  gallus  interfectus 
erat,  anus,  quae  ad  id  tempus  cantum  eius  patienter 
exspectare  solebat,  ancillas  nunc  media  nocte,  nunc  prlma 
luce,  semper  tamen  maturius  quam  antea,  e  somno  excita- 
vit.  Ancillae  igitur,  quae  ita  se  fefellerant,  pro  tanto 
facinore  dignas  poenas  persolverunt. 

e  somno  excitare,  78,  i.  securi  percussit,  62,  ad  fin. 

constituerunt,  73,  6.  fefellerant,  from /#//#. 

88.    Inattention  Rebuked. 

Demosthenes,  ille  orator  clarissimus,  quod  res  publica 
in  summum  discrlmen  adducta  est  per  consilia  Philippi, 
Macedonum  regis,  Athenienses  de  perlculo  quod  immine- 
bat  saepe  monebat.  Postquam  diutius  more  suo  elves 
hortatus  est,  miratus  quod  surdls  auribus  verba  faciebat, 
subito  vocem  mutavit.  "Ceres  olim,"  inquit,  "  una  cum 
hirundine  et  angue  itineris  comitibus  profecta,  ad  altum 
pervenit  flumen,  quod  tranavit  anguis,  hirundo  autem 
pennis  transvolavit."  Hie  ubi  orator  subito  sermonem 
interrupit,  "At  Ceres  ipsa  quo  modo  traiecta  est?"  ex- 
ceperunt  elves.  Turn  ille  voltu  severe,  "  Numquid  vobis 


GERUNDS  AND  SUPINES.  77 

stultius  esse  potest,  Athenienses,  qui  ita  delectamini  fabu- 
lis,  quibus  auctoritatem  quidem  nullam  adiungere  debemus, 
Philippum  tamen,  qui  exitium  civitati  minatur,  nihili 
habetis?" 

discrimen,  pericuhim.  profecta,  from  proficiscor. 

verba  faciebat,  dlcebat.  traiecta  est,  trdnsiit. 


GERUNDS    AND    SUPINES. 

38.    Gerunds  and  supines  are  used  to  make  up  the 
cases  of  the  verb-noun  infinitive. 

amare,  loving;   amandi,  of  loving;   amando,  to  or  by  loving. 

Thus  the  gerunds  are  used  like  the  genitive,  dative, 
and  ablative,  of  ordinary  nouns. 

1 .  amor  bibendi,  love  of  drinking. 

2.  parendo  artem  regnand!  discimus,  by  obeying  we  learn  the 

art  of  ruling. 

NOTE.  —  Only  intransitive  verbs  as  a  rule  use  gerunds,  which  are 
declined  in  case,  but  not  in  gender  or  number. 

Transitive  verbs  use  an  adjectival  form  called  the  gerundive,  which 
agrees  with  its  noun  in  number,  gender,  and  case. 

1.  Belgae  vixerunt  piscibus  edendis,  the  Belgae  supported 

life  by  eating  Jish. 

2.  profectus  est  cum  duabus  legionibus  ad  urbem   expug- 

naiidam.  he  started  with  two  legions  to  storm  the  city. 


78  ANECDOTES. 

The  supines  are  two  noun  forms  of  declension  IV. 

(1)  Supine  in  um  —  an  accusative  of  purpose  after 

verbs  of  motion, 
veni  te  visum,  I  have  come  to  see  you. 

(2)  Supine  in  u  —  an  ablative  of  respect  used  chiefly 

with  adjectives. 

(  to  be  said ! 
mirabile  dictu  !    wonderful  \  . 

(  in  the  saying  ! 


ANECDOTES    FOR   TRANSLATION. 

89.    The  Robbers. 

Balbus  agricola,  qui  in  silvas  ligna  caesum  Iverat, 
virgultls  occultus  magnam  manum  latronum,  qui  adibant, 
vidit.  Qui  dum  perterritus  nullum  sonum  edere  audet, 
dux  ipse  latronum  altissimam  rupem  aggressus  earn  dextra 
pulsavit  haec  locutus,  "Aperl  te,  horreum."  Quibus 
verbis,  mirabile  dictu  !  fores  celatae  aperiri  visae  sunt 
antrumque  ingens  patefierl.  Inde  latrones  antrum  ingressl 
onera,  quae  portabant,  deposuerunt  iterumque  regress! 
e  conspectu  discesserunt.  Deinde  Balbus,  qui  tandem 
e  latebrls  exlre  ausus  est,  lisdem  verbis  usus,  rupem 
ipse  pulsavit  antrumque  patefecit  auro  completum  et 
argento,  quod  a  viatoribus  raptum  latrones  in  eo  loco 
abdiderant.  Quo  vlsu  attonitus  sese  quam  maximo  aurl 
pondere  oneravit  domumque  laetus  rediit. 

caesum,  from  caedo.  regress!,  85,  5. 

Iverat,  from  eo.  ausus  est,  from  audere. 

aperi,  32,  5.  attonitus,  69,  ad  fin. 


ANECDOTES.  79 

90.    Caught  by  the  Robbers. 

Balbo  erat  frater  nomine  Caius,  vir  dives  sed  avarus. 
Hie  de  fortuna  Balbi  per  uxorem  certior  factus  fratrem 
carmen  illud,  quo  antrum  aperiri  poterat,  diris  minis 
divolgare  coegit.  Itaque  cum  tribus  asinis  ad  rupem 
profectus  verbisque  magicis  usus  antrum  intravit  asinos- 
que  auro  oneravit. 

Mox  autem  ubi  redire  voluit,  carminis  oblitus,  "Aperi 
te,"  inquit,  "  hordeum  ; "  cui  voci  quia  fores  parere  no- 
luerunt,  nee  carminis  ipsius  meminisse  poterat  (tantae 
enim  divitiae  rationem  animi  perturbabant),  a  latronibus 
brevi  captus  est.  Hi  postquam  virum  gladiis  interfece- 
runt,  corpus  eius  in  quattuor  partes  divisum  intra  antrum 
suspenderunt.  Postero  autem  die  Balbus,  qui  rem  suspi- 
catus  locum  ipse  adierat,  noctu  membra  fratris  ex  antro 
eripuit. 

diris,  terribilibus.  Oblitus,  from  oblwiscor. 

minis,  cf .  mindtur,  88,  ad  fin.  brevi,  44,  9. 

coegit,  from  cogo.  adierat,  from  adeo. 


91.     Two  can  Play  at  that  Game. 

Hoc  ubi  cognovit  dux  latronum,  suorum  callidissimum 
rei  exquirendae  causa  ad  urbem  misit.  Qui  quidem  dum 
urbem  pererrat,  forte  occurrit  sartori  cuidam,  qui  a  Balbo 
iussus  fratris  membra  disiecta  acu  iunxerat  (corpus  enim, 
in  quattuor  partes  divisum,  sepeliri  leges  vetabant).  Hie, 
vir  loquax,  a  latrone  callide  interrogatus,  non  modo  rem 
omnem  quaerenti  divolgavit,  sed  domum  etiam  Balbi 
ostendit.  Inde  latro,  postquam  fores  creta  notaverat,  ad 


80  IMPERSONAL   VERBS. 

antrum  rediit  noctuque  comites  ad  locum  duxit.  Id 
tamen  quod  latro  fecerat  non  effugerat  Balbl  ancillam, 
quae  consilium  eius  suspicata  domorum  vlcmarum  fores 
eodem  modo  notaverat.  Latrones  igitur,  quod  inimicl 
domum  cognoscere  non  poterant,  in  silvas  inritl  redierunt. 

callidissimum,  44,  2.  callide,  cf.  line  i. 

sepelm,  45,  8.  inriti,  frustrd. 

92.     The  Forty  Thieves. 

Postero  die  dux  latronum  ad  aedes  Balbi  ab  eodem 
sartore  ductus  naturam  loci  oculls  accuratissime  observa- 
vit.  Inde  viginti  asinos  vasis  ingentibus  oneratos  paravit ; 
quorum  unum  quidem  oleo  implevit ;  in  reliqua  tamen 
singula  binos  abdidit  latrones.  Deinde  vesperl  mercato- 
rem  simulans  ad  urbem  cum  asinis  profectus  est  et  a 
Balbo  quern  pro  aedibus  sedentem  invenit  hospitium  sibi 
suisque  petiit.  A  quo  benlgne  acceptus  vasa  omnia  in 
horto  disposuit  comitesque  signum  silentes  exspectare 
iussit.  At  ancilla  eadem,  quae,  dum  dux  latronum  cum 
domino  suo  cenat,  fraudem  perspexerat,  oleum  ex  primo 
vase  deductum  atque  Igne  tostum,  latronibus,  qui  in  reli- 
quis  vasis  latebant,  iniecit  omnesque  ad  unum  suffocavit. 

sartore,  91,  3.  vesperi,  noctii. 

vasis,  49,  3.  tostum,  from  torreo. 


IMPERSONAL  VERBS. 

39.  Impersonal  Verbs  are  those  which  cannot  have 
for  their  nominative  a  personal  pronoun  or  a  sub- 
stantive. 


ANECDOTES.  81 

They  are  of  two  kinds  — 

1.  Those  which  always  have  a  nominative,  but 

it  can  only  be 

(1)  a  neuter  pronoun  ; 

(2)  an  infinitive  ; 

(3)  a  clause. 

These  are  libet,  licet,  accidit,  constat,  etc. 

1.  oportet  me  ablre,  I  must  go  (lit.  it  behooves  me  to  go). 

2.  si  illud  non  licet,  certe  hoc  licebit,  if  that  is  not  lawful, 

at  any  rate  this  will  be. 

2.  Those  which  need  have  no  nominative  ex- 

pressed. 

piget,  pudet,  poenitet,  taedet,  miseret. 

The   passive   of  all  intransitive  verbs  must  be  used 
impersonally. 

1 .  invidetur  mihi,  /  am  envied. 

2.  pugnatum  est  acriter  ab  utrisque,  (the  battle}  was  fought 

sharply  on  both  sides. 


ANECDOTES    FOR   TRANSLATION. 

93.   The  Wonderful  Island. 

Mercator  quidam,  nomine  Sinon,  quod  eum  cessandi 
et  nihil  agendi  piguit,  perlcula  maris  tentare  constituit. 
Navl  igitur  ad  Indos  vectus  primo,  quod  procellae  fluctus 


82  ANECDOTES. 

agitabant,  gravi  nausea  oppressus  mortem  optavit.  Mox 
autem,  ubi  vis  tempestatis  mitescebat,  morbum  depulit. 
Faucis  post  diebus,  dum  aperto  marl  procul  a  portu  navi- 
gatur,  parvam  Insulam  nigro  colore  baud  multum  super 
aquam  eminentem  nautae  vident.  Turn  omnes  e  nave 
egressl  hue  illuc  per  totam  Insulam  vagantur  ;  tandem 
Ignem  accendere  incipiunt.  Subito  sub  pedibus  diro 
sonitu  msula  evanuit  in  undas  omnesque  in  gurgitem 
hausti  sunt.  Monstrum  enim  marinum,  quae  nautis 
insula  ob  magnitudinem  visa  est,  e  somno  Igne  excitatum, 
in  mare  se  mersit.  Quo  casu  omnes  nautae  perierunt ; 
Sinon  autem  magna  sustentus  trabe  quam  forte  ad  ignem 
ferebat,  natando  ad  terram  ignotam  pervenit. 

constituit,  73,  6.  diro,  90,  3. 

hue  illuc,  14,  10.  perierunt,  cf.  83,  2. 


94.   The  Diamond  Valley. 

Sinon  quidem  totum  diem  per  loca  deserta  vagatus 
omni  spe  reditus  deiectus  est.  At  noctu  dum  dormit,  ad 
vallem  altissimis  montibus  interclusam  ingenti  ave  raptus 
est.  Tali  miraculo  attonitus  postero  die  aliquid  etiam 
mirabilius  vidit;  tota  enim  vallis  gemmis  ornata  est. 
Incolae  huius  terrae  quod  in  vallem  descendi  non  potest, 
gemmas  ita  conligere  solent.  Summis  de  montibus 
carnem  deiciunt,  quam  aquilae  ab  Ima  valle  in  nidos 
ferunt.  Inde  mercatores  magno  clamore  aves  depellunt, 
gemmisque  carni  adhaerentibus  ipsi  potiuntur.  Quod  ubi 
Sinon  cognovit,  postquam  sese  quam  plurimis  gemmis 
oneraverat,  suum  corpus  ad  carnem  adligavit  tutusque 
magna  aqm'la  ad  nidum  l^atus  est.  Unde  ad  urbem  prg- 


ANECDOTES.  83 

plnquam  facile  descendit  gemmasque  magno  pretio  ven- 
didit. 

vagatus,  pererrdns.  ima  valle  =  Imdparte  vallts. 

interclusam,  circumdatam.        carnem,  from  card. 

95.   The  Giant's  Cave. 

Idem  Sinon  ne  his  quidem  divitils  contentus  Oceanum 
iterum  tentare  constituit ;  celerl  igitur  nave  cum  paucis 
sociis  vectus  ventls  adversls  ad  terrain  Ignotam  pulsus 
est,  quam  incolebant  homines  barbari  advenis  inimicis- 
siml.  Hi  scaphis  navem  aggressl  Sinonem  sociosque 
duxerunt  ad  suum  regem,  gigantem  immanem  specie 
horribili,  qui  unum  modo  oculum  in  media  fronte  positum 
habebat.  Rex  postquam  captives  omnes  manu  ingenti 
tractaverat,  ex  ils,  quern  pinguissimum  iudicavit,  igne 
tostum  devoravit.  Ceterl  tamen,  quod  incaute  a  barbaris 
custodiebantur,  eodem  veru,  quo  comes  mfellx  transfixus 
erat,  oculum  gigantis  dormientis  transfoderunt  et  veils 
remisque  a  terra  inhospitall  fugerunt. 

sociis,  comitibus.  media  fronte,  cf.  medidnocte,  87,  n. 

scaphis,  51,  6.  tostum,  92,  ad  fin. 

96.   The  Royal  Sepulchre. 

Haud  ita  multo  post  secundis  ventls  Sinon  sociique  ad 
insulam  fertilem  et  oplmam  vecti  sunt.  Quo  in  loco  dum 
Sinon  studio  frugum  carpendarum  longius  a  navi  errat,  a 
sociis  infidelibus  relictus  est.  Rex  tamen  huius  Insulae 
hospitem  benigne  accepit  suamque  filiam,  virginem  pul- 
cherrimam,  el  in  matrimonium  dedit.  Id  tamen  minus 
prospere  evenit ;  uxor  enim  Sinonis  proximo  anno  mortua 
est.  Turn  elves,  quod  dura  lege  viros  una  cum  uxoribus 


84  ANECDOTES. 

sepellre  solent,  Sinonem  vivum  cum  uxore  mortua  funibus 
demittunt  in  puteum  profundum,  quo  sepulcro  reges  illlus 
terrae  utebantur.  Huic  tamen  ab  omni  spe  salutis  inter- 
cluso  fortuna  patefecit  iter.  Sinon  enim  fame  sitique  iam 
moriturus  volpem  vidit  quae  cadaveribus  vescebatur. 
Quam  per  vias  occultas  diu  secutus  parvam  rimam  qua 
ipsa  puteum  intraverat  tandem  invenit.  Inde  Sinon, 
postquam  magna  vi  nisus  lapidem  ingentem  submoverat, 
se  liberavit  atque  ad  oram  maritimam  evasit. 

secundis,  opp.  adversis,  95,  3.  funibus,  27,  i. 

opimam,  divitem.  puteum,  59,  ad  fin. 

prospere,  felldter.  cadaveribus,  86,  6. 

97.   The  Old  Man  of  the  Sea. 

Sinon  per  litus  quinque  milia  passuum  vagatus  senem 
quendam  in  ripa  fluminis  sedentem  invenit.  Hie  Sinonem 
se  trans  flumen  umerls  transportare  iussit.  Itaque  Sinon, 
quern  senis  infirml  miseruit,  eum  in  umeros  sublevavit,  id 
quod  imperatum  est  facturus.  Senex  autem,  simul  in 
loco  firmiter  sedit,  cruribus  collum  amplexus,  Sinonem 
onus  deponere  prohibuit.  Turn  Sinon,  quod  luctari  non 
audebat,  senex  enim  diro  amplexu  eum  suffocabat,  domi- 
num  hue  illuc  per  totum  diem  vehere  coactus  est.  Nee 
nox  laboris  flnem  fecit,  senex  enim  etiam  dormiens  captl- 
vum  artius  amplectebatur.  Postero  tamen  die,  dum  iussu 
domini  per  silvam  iter  facit,  Sinon  repente  caput  senis 
arboris  ramo  qui  impendebat  maxima  vi  admovit.  Quo 
Ictu  stupefactus  senex  crura  laxavit  atque  ad  terram  mori- 
bundus  cecidit. 

vagatus,  94,  i.  hue  illuc,  93,  9. 

sublevavit,  68,  10.  vehere,  portfire. 

luctari,  contenders,  cecidit,  from  cado. 


ANECDOTES.  85 

98.   How  to  pick  Cocoanuts. 

Tali  perlculo  ita  liberatus  Sinon  dum  per  silvam  pedem 
refert,  mercatoribus  occurrit  compluribus  qui  ad  nuces 
carpendas  ibant.  Cum  his  se  iungere  constituit.  Nuces, 
quae  summis  modo  ramis  dependent,  mercatores  baud 
facile  carpunt,  quod  levis  arboris  truncus  ascend!  non 
potest.  Hunc  tamen  modum  invenerunt.  Simias,  quae 
plurimae  silvas  colunt,  saxis  vexant :  quam  ob  rem  illae 
Iratae  nuces  ab  arboribus  direptas  in  mercatores  deiciunt. 
Sinon  nucibus  multls  potitus  mercatores  simias  ipse  cap- 
tare  docuit.  lussu  eius  vasa  quaedam  aquae  plena  ad 
Imas  arbores  admoverunt,  quibus  in  vasis  manus  multo 
cum  fragore  lavabant.  Inde  vasa  eadem  nigra  pice  com- 
pleverunt  discesseruntque  e  loco.  Simiae  autem  homines 
ex  consuetudine  imitatae,  ubi  manus  in  vasa  imposuerunt, 
pice  retentae  facile  captantur. 

occurrit,  obviam  it,  77,  3.          vasa,  49,  3. 

carpendas,  96,  3.  Imas  arbores,  cf.  imti  valle,  94, 8. 

direptas,  carptds.  lavabant,  83,  10. 

99.   The  Elephants'  Burial-place. 

Haud  multum  ab  eo  loco  magnus  grex  elephantorum 
teneris  frondibus  pascebatur.  Quo  visu  perterriti  ceterl 
in  fugam  se  dederunt,  Sinon  tamen  arcu  armatus  post- 
quam  in  arborem  ascenderat,  celeribus  sagittis  maximum 
ex  elephantls  interfecit.  A  mercatoribus  igitur,  qui  ebur 
maximi  aestimant,  donis  oneratus  est.  Inde  Sinon,  cul 
divitiae  animum  addiderunt,  quandam  in  arborem,  quae 
iuxta  parvum  lacum  crescebat,  saepissime  ascendebat. 
Quo  consilio  complures  interfecit  elephantos,  quos  bibendi 
causa  eum  locum  adire  oportebat.  Tertio  tamen  mense 


86  ANECDOTES. 

elephanti,  quibus  aquam  sine  noxia  adire  non  licebat,  in 
Sinonem  universi  impetum  fecerunt  crebrlsque  ictibus 
ipsam  arborem  radicitus  evellerunt.  Inde  virum  attoni- 
tum  mortemque  exspectantem  in  tergum  sublevavit  dux 
gregis  longeque  per  silvas  ad  eum  locum  portavit  quo 
sepulcro  elephanti  utebantur.  Sinon  igitur,  qui  ex  mor- 
tuis  elephantis  satis  eboris  potitus  est,  vlvis  posthac  par- 
cebat. 

baud  multum,  cf.  96,  i.  ictibus,  84,  ad  fin. 

maximi,  cf.  minimi,  79,  ad  fin.  sublevavit,  97,  5. 

saepissime,  iterum  atque  iterum.         parcebat,  62,  ad  fin. 

100.    The  Subterranean  Passage. 

Sinon  dives  ita  factus,  quod  domum  ad  suos  redire 
voluit,  nactus  idoneum  tempus  ad  navigandum,  e  portu 
solvit.  At  paucos  post  dies  coorta  est  saevissima  tem- 
pestas,  cuius  violentia  navis  ad  scopulos  appulsa  nau- 
fragium  fecit.  Hoc  in  loco  aestus  per  latus  mentis 
praeruptum  alveo  haud  ita  magno  fluminis  modo  volvitur. 
Sinon  comitesque  complures  dies  in  angusta  rupe  mane- 
bant,  quod  hinc  vis  fluctuum  eos  abire  prohibuit,  illinc 
mons  altissimus  nullo  modo  ascend!  potuit.  Tandem 
Sinon  postquam  parvam  ratem  e  trabibus  navis  fecerat, 
sine  ullo  comite  se  committere  ausus  est  flumini,  quod 
sub  Imum  montem  volutum  est.  Inde  per  vias  occultas 
summa  celeritate  vectus,  quod  nee  iter  videre  nee  cursum 
dirigere  poterat,  labore  et  excubiis  defessus  gravi  somno 
oppressus  est. 

nactus,  from  nanciscor.  trabibus,  93,  ad  fin. 

appulsa,  cf.  95,  3.  ausus  est,  89,  3. 

naufragium,  50,  3.  volutum,  from  volvo. 


SUBJUNCTIVE  MOOD.  $7 

10 1.     Home  at  Last. 

Quo  somno  Sinon  oppressus  duos  dies  omni  sensu 
carebat ;  tertio  tamen  die,  ubi  animum  vix  recepit,  solem 
laetus  aspexit :  ratis  enim,  dum  ipse  dormit,  iter  pericu- 
losum  confecerat  et  vl  fluminis  vecta  ad  oppidum  quod- 
dam  in  ripa  positum  advenerat.  Deinde  cives  tali 
miraculo  attoniti  Sinonem  ad  regem  suum  duxerunt. 
Hie  postquam  rem  omnem  cognovit,  quod  tanta  pericula 
plus  quam  humana  videbantur,  Sinoni,  honoris  causa, 
pallium  purpureum  aureamque  coronam  dari  iussit  navi- 
que  egregia  donavit.  Inde  Sinon  secundis  ventis  domum 
advectus  inter  amicos  propinquosque  reliquum  vitae 
spatium  tranquille  peregit  nee  ullo  periculo  posthac 
vexatus  est. 

somno,  cf.  somnium,  48,  8.  peregit,  cf.  dego,  65,  i. 

SUBJUNCTIVE   MOOD. 

40.  The  Subjunctive  Mood  is  never  used,  like  the 
Indicative,  to  describe  a  fact. 

It  expresses  desire,  hopey  or  doubt. 

1.  boni  simus,  let  us  be  good. 

2.  sis  felix,  may  ycu  be  fortunate. 

3.  quid  faciam  ?  what  am  I  to  do  ? 

The  perfect  subjunctive  with  ne  is  used,  instead  of  the 
imperative,  to  express  negative  commands  of  the  second 
person. 

ne  hoc  feceris,  do  not  do  this. 

Observe  that  ne,  used  in  commands,  is  placed  first  in  its 
sentence  ;  -«/,  used  in  questions,  is  added  to  the  first  word. 
See  §  18. 


88  ANECDOTES. 

The  subjunctive  mood  is  used  to  express  purpose, 
consequence,  condition,  etc. 

It  is  translated  by  the  English  subjunctive  when 
it  expresses  purpose,  and  sometimes  when  it  ex- 
presses condition,  but  in  other  cases  by  the  indicative. 

1.  portas  claudit,  ne  quis  effugiat,  he  shuts  the  gates,  that  no 

one  may  escape. 

2.  tanta  erat  caedes,  ut  nemo  effugeret,  so  great  was  the 

slaughter,  that  no  one  escaped. 

3.  si  illi  effugissent,  ego  custodem  necavissem,  if  they  had 

escaped,  I  should  have  killed  the  jailor. 

4.  cum  effugissent,  domum  redierunt,  when  they  had  escaped, 

they  returned  home. 


ANECDOTES  FOR  TRANSLATION. 
102.    The  Donkey's  Advice. 

Agricola  quidam,  nomine  Cato,  sermonem  animalium 
intellexit.  Hie  olim  bovem,  qui  fortunam  adversam  apud 
asinum  querebatur,  audivit.  "  Utinam,"  inquit  bos,  "  mea 
fortuna  tuae  similis  esset.  Te  cottidie  noster  magister 
diligenter  curat,  tibi  dulcissimum  cibum  parat ;  ego 
tamen,  qui  arando  totum  diem  consiamo,  gramme  vescor 
tenul."  Cui  asinus,  "Tu  tamen,  6  stultissime,  merito 
haec  pateris,  quod  iugi  nimium  patiens  es.  Cur  non 
magistro  istls  cornibus  mortem  minaris  ?  Cur  non  mugi- 
tus  horrisonos  edis  ?  Hoc  consilio  usus  fortunam  melio- 
rem  habebis.  Cibum  quern  tibi  hodie  servi  attulerint 
edere  noli ;  eras  autem,  ne  te  aratro  iungant,  omni  vi 
repQgna."  Bos  id  quod  imperatum  est  facit.  At  ma- 


ANECDOTES.  89 

gister,    qui    omnia   audiverat,    ut    asinum    pro   consilio 
puniret,  eum  aratro  pro  bove  iungl  iussit. 

querebatur,  cf.  4,  6.  edis,  89,  3. 

pateris,  from  patior.  attulerint,  from  adfero. 

minaris,  88,  ad  fin.  pro  consilid,  ob  consilium. 

103.     The  Donkey's  Advice  —  continued. 

Vesper!,  ubi  asinus  labore  Insueto  defessus  ad  sta- 
bulum  rediit,  a  comite  summis  laudibus  acceptus  est. 
Ille  autem,  quern  prioris  consill  iam  poenitebat,  amlcum 
ita  monuit.  "  Cave,  mi  amice,  ne  istud  otium  tibi  plus 
quam  labor  pristinus  noceat.  Nuper  enim,  dum  ex  agris 
redeo,  nostrum  audivi  magistrum,  qui  te  eras  mactari 
iussit,  nisi  opere  solito  fungi  velles.  Ne  te  sine  causa 
tanto  periculo  obtuleris."  Quibus  verbis  perterritus  bos, 
qui  cultrum  sacerdotis  iam  animo  praesensit,  gratias 
asino  pro  consilio  utilissimo  egit.  Postero  igitur  die  ubi 
agricola  agros  iterum  arare  voluit,  bos  iugo  repugnare 
non  ausus,  ipse  suum  collum  aratro  praebuit. 

vesperi,  92,  5.  obtuleris,  from  offero. 

pristinus,  prior.  gratias  .  .  .  egit,  22,  8. 

fungi,  perficere.  praebuit,  porrexit,  60,  7. 

104.     The  Bottom  of  the  Stream. 

Boeotus  quidam,  qui  per  terram  ignotam  iter  faciebat, 
ad  flumen  montanum,  quod  viam  intercludebat,  advenit. 
Itaque  miratus  quod  tanta  vis  aquae  ab  una  parte  volve- 
batur,  dita  patienter  exspectabat,  dum  deflueret  amnis. 
Tandem,  quod  morandl  eum  taedebat,  nee  vis  aquae 
omnlno  minuebatur,  agricolam,  qui  forte  astabat,  appel- 
lavit.  "  Tu,  quaeso,"  inquit,  "  vera  mihi  responde : 


90  ANECDOTES. 

Imumne  flumen  firmum  est?"  "Nihil  potest  esse  fir- 
mius,"  respondit  ille.  Quibus  verbis  conflrmatus  in 
aquam  Boeotus  desiluit.  Quod  tamen  flumen  fuit  altissi- 
mum,  sub  undls  mersus  natando  mortem  vix  effugit. 
Turn  Boeoto  de  fraude  querenti,  "Te  certe,"  respondit 
agricola,  "irasci  minime  decet ;  tu  enim  Imum  flumen, 
quod  re  vera  firmissimum  est,  nondum  attigisti." 

intercludebat,  94,  3.  mersus,  submenus. 

imumne,  tmum-ne.  natando,  93,  ad  fin. 

105.    A  Dishonest  Couple. 

Dario,  Persarum  regl,  servus  erat,  nomine  Lydon, 
quern  maxime  amabat.  Cui  rex,  ut  indicium  benevo- 
lentiae  Insigne  praestaret,  in  matrimonium  dedit  puellam 
pulcherrimam,  quam  regma  ex  omnibus  ancillls  fidelissi- 
mam  habebat.  Hi  autem,  quod  suis  divitiis  nimis  pro- 
dige  utebantur,  brevl  pauperes  fact!,  ut  argentum  ex  rege 
impetrarent,  hoc  consilium  inierunt.  Prima  luce  vir 
regem  adgressus  tristi  voltu  fortunam  deplorare  incipit. 
"Uxor,"  inquit,  "mea  proxima  nocte  e  vita  discessit." 
Turn  rex,  quern  virl  Infelicis  miseruit,  consolandi  causa, 
purpureum  pallium  argentique  talentum  el  dari  iussit. 
At  uxor  eodem  tempore  coniugem  mortuum  coram  regma 
deplorabat.  Quae  tanto  dolore  mota  ei  vestem  pretiosam 
et  auri  nummos  quinquaginta  dedit. 

indicium,  signum.  inierunt,  ceperunt. 

praestaret,  praeberet.  coram  regina,  apud  regtnam. 

1 06.     A  Dishonest  Couple  —  continued. 

Rex  igitur  reginam  petiit  de  morte  ancillae  tam  amatae 
consolaturus.  Inde  regina  ad  regem  versa,  "  Gratias 


ANECDOTES.  91 

tibi,"  inquit,  "pro  benevolentia  ago;  tu  tamen  in  hoc 
erravistl,  quod  mea  ancilla  adhuc  vlvit,  vir  tamen  eius 
mortuus  est."  Quod  ubi  rex  credere  noluit,  ut  rem  tarn 
dubiam  explicarent,  ambo  ad  earn  partem  aedium,  quam 
servl  habitabant,  Ire  pergunt.  Hue  ubi  pervenerunt,  res 
magis  in  ambiguo  erat,  quod  et  vir  et  femina  eodem  rogo 
impositi  speciem  mortis  praebebant.  Denique  rex,  "  Hie 
certe  mortuus  est  et  ilia.  Uter  tamen  prior  e  vita  dis- 
cessit  ?  Si  quis  mihi  totam  rem  explicaverit,  el  triginta 
nummos  aureos  libenter  dabo."  At  vir  statim  e  rogo 
desiluit.  "Mihi,"  inquit,  "rex  magne,  nummos  redde, 
ego  enim  primus  mortuus  sum." 

vir,  coniilnx.  ambiguo,  dubio. 

pergunt,  incipiunt.  redde,  dd. 

107.     May  a  Man  do  what  he  Likes  with  his  Own? 

Lysander,  Atheniensis,  cum  cetera  animalia  satis 
diligebat,  turn  equos  summo  fovebat  amore.  Is  olim, 
dum  Thebas  iter  facit,  in  Boeotum  quendam  incidit,  qui 
equo  suo  ob  nescio  quam  culpam  male  utebatur.  Quod 
ubi  vidit,  gravibus  probrls  tantam  crudelitatem  increpuit. 
"  Quid  tandem  id  ad  te  attinet  ?  "  respondit  ille.  "  Nonne 
licet  mihi  equum,  si  ita  placet,  verberare  meum  ? " 
"  Maxime,"  inquit  Lysander,  "  quod  exemplum  tu  pro- 
ponis,  id  ego  imitabor."  Haec  locutus  magno  baculo, 
quod  manu  portabat,  tergum  eius  graviter  et  saepe  ver- 
beravit.  "Hoc  enim,"  inquit^  "baculum  meum  est. 
Nonne  igitur  mihi  licet  eo,  ita  ut  placet,  utl  ? " 

cum  .  .  .  turn,  et .  .  .  et.  in  ...  incidit,  occurrit. 

diligebat,  amdbat.  nescio  quam,  aliquant. 


92  ANECDOTES. 

108.     The  Good-natured  Boy. 

Glaucus,  puer  ingenio  benlgno,  a  patre  missus  est  ad 
parvum  oppidum,  quod  ab  eo  loco  octo  mllia  passuum 
aberat.  Cul,  dum  iter  facit,  occurrit  canis  fame  paene 
confectus  dextramque  lambens  cibum  petere  visus  est. 
Inde  Glaucus  misericordia  motus,  etsl  ipse  esuriebat, 
magnam  sul  cibi  partem  canl  dedit.  Cum  autem  paulo 
longius  ivisset,  hominem  aspexit  caecum,  qul  in  flumen 
prolapsus  se  movere  non  audebat,  ne  in  aquam  altiorem 
incideret.  Glaucus  igitur,  etsl  ipse  natare  non  poterat, 
in  aquam  statim  desiluit  et  cum  dextram  caecl  adripuisset, 
euni  ad  rlpam  duxit.  Inde  cum  aquam  e  veste  expres- 
sisset,  ad  oppidum  quam  celerrime  contendit. 

motus,  105,  ad  fin.  duxit,  trdxit. 

esuriebat,  49,  ad  fin.  expressisset,  from  exprimo. 

109.    Timely  Assistance. 

Inde  Glaucus,  cum  iam  ad  oppidum  appropinquaret, 
in  nautam  quendam  altero  pede  claudum  incidit.  Hie 
aliquid  cibi  ab  eo  petiit.  Cul  puer  id  quod  reliquum 
erat  panis  dedit.  His  faciendis  tantum  diel  consump- 
serat,  ut,  dum  domum  ex  oppido  redit,  nocte  oppressus 
cursum  tenere  non  posset,  sed  per  aviam  silvam  erraret. 
Subito  autem  duo  latrones,  qul  in  silva  latebant,  ex 
msidiis  prosiliunt  puerumque  raptum  veste  spoliare 
parant.  At  canis  fidelis,  qul  Glaucum  totum  diem 
secutus  est,  alterius  latronis  crus  tarn  acriter  momordit, 
ut  hie  cum  gemitu  puerum  liberaret.  Simul  vox  horrenda 
audlta  est  clamantis,  "En  latrones  illi,  quos  tarn  diu  ferro 
ignique  sequimur."  Qua  voce  territl  ambo  diffugerunt. 


ANECDOTES.  93 

At  Glaucus  ad  clamorem  conversus  nautam  cognovit 
claudum,  quern  caecus  ille  umeris  portabat.  Hi  enim 
de  consilils  latronum  certiores  factl  tempore  opportune 
subsidio  venerunt. 

altero,  uno.  alterius,  iinftts. 

his,  his  rebus.  momordit,  from  mordeo. 

1 10.     The  Attack  on  the  Castle. 

"Spartacus  olim,  prmceps  earum  gentium  quae  trans  Rhe- 
num  habitabant,  magnam  turrim  haud  procul  a  flumine 
aedificaverat.  Inde  cum  suis  militibus  plurimas  incursi- 
ones  in  agros  flnitimos  facere  solitus  est,  ut  Igni  ferroque 
omnia  vastaret.  Quam  ob  rem  magnum  odium  incolarum 
urbis  fmitimae  susceperat.  Hi  igitur,  cum  iniurias  illius 
non  diutius  tolerare  possent,  universi  in  muros  impetum 
fecerunt.  Diu  et  acriter  pugnatum  est.  Tandem  princeps, 
quod  commeatu  omnmo  interclusus  est,  legatos  ad  eos 
de  deditione  misit.  Cum  tamen  elves  Irati  pacem  dare 
vellent  ea  modo  condicione,  ut  ipse  ad  supplicium  tra- 
deretur,  Ignem  turrl  admovere  constituit  et  sese  suaque 
omnia  incendio  consumere. 


in.     The  Attack  on  the  Castle  —  continued. 

Quod  ubi  cognovit  uxor  SpartacI,  femina  summae  con- 
stantiae,  sola  vallum  ascendere  ausa  est  cum  hostibus 
conloquendl  causa.  "  Nolite,"  inquit,  "elves,  victoriam 
quam  reportavistis  clade  feminae  defamare.  Mihi  saltern 
liceat  e  turn  discedere  cum  eo  modo,  quod  mels  umeris 
portare  possim."  Inde  elves,  quod  ab  ilia  multa  beneficia 
acceperant,  id  quod  petiit  libenter  concesserunt.  BrevI 


94    '  ANECDOTES. 

autem,  dum  omnes  adventum  eius  exspectant,  a  porta 
patefacta  egressa  femina  fortis  ad  castra  hostium  accessit 
cum  coniuge,  quern  in  umeros  sublevatum  portabat.  Inde 
elves  virtutem  feminae  mirati,  quod  fidem  datam  violare 
noluerunt,  et  coniugi  et  uxori  pepercerunt. 

clade,  morte.  pepercerunt,  from  pared. 

112.  An  Ill-matched  Pair. 

Lupus  olim  cum  volpe  societatem  coniunxit.  Hanc 
igitur,  quod  multo  mfirmior  erat,  quodcumque  ille  im- 
peravit,  facere  oportebat  Aliquando,  dum  per  silvam 
comites  iter  faciunt,  "Volpes  carissima,"  inquit  lupus, 
"  aliquid  cibi  mihi  quam  celerrime  adfer,  ne  fame  coactus 
te  ipsam  devorem."  "  Equidem,"  respondit  volpes  minis 
perterrita,  "baud  procul  ab  hoc  loco  duos  agnos  pridie 
conspexi,  quos  facillime  tibi  adferre  potero."  Cum  hoc 
inter  eos  convenisset,  volpes  ex  agnis  alterum  ab  agro  ad 
lupum  portavit.  Deinde,  ut  sibi  aliquid  invenlret,  discessit. 
At  lupus,  qul  brevi  agnum  devoravit,  ne  hoc  quidem  satis 
contentus,  ut  altero  potiretur,  ipse  ad  ovile  profectus  est. 
Is  autem,  quod  rem  incautius  egit,  a  pastore  captus  ita 
graviter  verberatus  est,  ut  corpus  ad  silvam  vix  trahere 
posset. 

113.  Greediness  Punished. 

Postero  die  lupus  de  suls  iniuriis  questus,  a  comite 
factl  imprudentis  vehementer  incusatus  est ;  "  Hodie 
tamen,"  inquit  volpes,  "  si  mecum  venire  vis,  tantum  cibi 
quantum  edere  poteris  tibi  dabo."  Lupus  igitur  volpem 
secutus,  horreum  agricolae  cuiusdam  rima  haud  ita  magna 
intravit.  Hie,  cum  carnis  maximam  copiam  invenissent, 


ACCUSATIVE  AND  INFINITIVE.  95 

ambo  dapibus  inopinatls  vesci  incipiunt.  Volpes  autem 
inter  edendum  ad  rimam  cursitabat.  Subito  ingens  stre- 
pitus  auditus  est.  Panduntur  portae.  Inruit  agricola 
cum  securl  ingente  armatus.  Inde  volpes,  quae  haud 
multum  ederat,  rima  se  facile  eripuit ;  lupus  tamen  tan- 
turn  carnis  devoraverat,  ut  corpus  in  rima  haereret. 

Agricola  igitur,  cum  eum  securl  interfecisset,  caput  posti- 
bus  adfixit.  Quo  exemplo  fures  in  posterum  a  raplnis 
deterruit. 


ACCUSATIVE    AND    INFINITIVE. 

41.  Study  the  following  Latin  sentences  and  the 
translation. 

1.  Dico  te  scribere   /  say  that  you  are  writing  (write  or 
do  write). 

2.  Futamus  te  scripsisse,   we  think  that  you  wrote  (or 
have  written). 

42.  In  translating  we  introduce  the  word  that 
after  the  leading  verb,  then  we  translate  the  accusa- 
tive as  if  it  were  nominative,  and  the  infinitive  as  if 
it  were  indicative. 

43.  This  construction  of  the  accusative  and  in- 
finitive is  regularly  used  after  verbs  of  saying,  think- 
ing, knowing,  2d\&  perceiving. 

INDIRECT    QUESTIONS. 

44.  Study  the  following  Latin  sentences  and  the 
translation  : 

1.  Scio  quis  sis,  /  know  who  you  are. 

2.  Sciebam  ubi  essemus,  /  knew  where  we  were. 


96  CUM  CAUSAL  OR  CONCESSIVE. 

45.  Notice  that  the  subjunctives  sis  and  essemus 
are  translated   by  the   indicative.     The   dependent 
clauses  are  called  indirect  questions,  for  they  repre- 
sent quis  es  ?  and  ubi  eramus  ? 

46.  Indirect  questions  begin  with  an  interrogative 
word  and  have  the  verb  in  the  subjunctive. 

CUM  CAUSAL   OR    CONCESSIVE. 

47.  Cum   sometimes   means  as  or  since;    some- 
times  though.     When   it   has   either  of   these  two 
meanings  it  is  followed  by  the  subjunctive. 

1.  Cum  amici  adsint,  gaudemus,  since   our  friends  are 
present,  we  rejoice. 

2.  Cum  fortiter  pugnarent,  tamen  non  vicerunt,  though 
they  fought  bravely,  yet  they  did  not  conquer. 

48.  Observe  that  the  subjunctive  is  translated 
as  if  it  were  indicative. 

THE  RELATIVE  OF  PURPOSE. 

49.  We  may  say  in  Latin  :  — 

1.  Legatj  missi  sunt  ut  pacem  peterent. 

2.  Legati  missi  sunt  qui  pacem  peterent. 

The  translation  is  the  same  :  — 

deputies  were  sent  to  sue  for  peace. 

50.  The  relative  may  be  used  to  denote  purpose, 
and,  with  the  following  subjunctive,  may  be  trans- 
lated by  the  infinitive. 


THE  ARGONAUTS.  .97 


THE   ARGONAUTS. 

The  celebrated  voyage  of  the  Argonauts  was  brought  about 
as  follows.  Pelias  had  expelled  his  brother  Aeson  from  his 
kingdom  in  Thessaly  and  had  attempted  to  take  the  life  of 
Jason,  the  son  of  Aeson.  Jason,  however,  escaped  and  grew 
up  to  manhood  in  another  country.  At  last  he  returned  to 
Thessaly,  and  Pelias,  fearing  that  he  might  attempt  to  recover 
the  kingdom,  sent  him  to  fetch  the  Golden  Fleece  from 
Colchis,  supposing  this  to  be  an  impossible  feat.  Jason  with  a 
band  of  heroes  started  in  the  ship  Argo  (called  after  Argus,  its 
builder),  and  after  many  adventures  reached  Colchis.  Here 
Aeetes,  king  of  Colchis,  who  was  unwilling  to  give  up  the 
Fleece,  set  Jason  to  perform  what  seemed  an  impossible  task, 
viz.,  to  plough  a  field  with  certain  fire-breathing  oxen  and  then 
to  sow  it  with  dragon's  teeth.  Medea,  the  daughter  of  the 
king,  however,  assisted  Jason  by  her  skill  in  magic,  first  to 
perform  the  task  appointed,  and  then  to  procure  the  Fleece. 
Medea  then  fled  with  Jason,  and,  in  order  to  delay  the  pursuit 
of  her  father,  sacrificed  her  brother  Absyrtus.  After  reaching 
Thessaly,  Medea  caused  the  death  of  Pelias,  and  was,  with  her 
husband,  expelled  from  Thessaly.  They  removed  to  Corinth, 
and  here  Medea,  becoming  jealous  of  Glauce,  daughter  of 
Creon,  caused  her  death  by  means  of  a  poisoned  robe.  After 
this  Medea  was  carried  off  in  a  chariot  sent  by  the  sun-god, 
and  Jason  was  soon  afterwards  accidentally  killed. 


114.    The  Wicked  Uncle. 

Erant  olim  in  Thessalia  duo  fratres,  quorum  alter  Ae- 
son, alter  Pelias  appellatus  est.  Horum  Aeson  prlmum 
regnum  obtinuerat ;  at  post  paucos  annos  Pelias,  regnl 


98   .  THE   ARGONAUTS, 

cupiditate  adductus,  non  modo  fratrem  suum  expulit,  sed 
etiam  in  animo  habebat,  lasonem,  Aesonis  filium,  inter- 
ficere.  Quidam  tamen  ex  amicis  Aesonis,  ubi  sententiam 
Peliae  intellexerunt,  puerum  e  tanto  periculo  eripere  con- 
stituerunt./  Noctu  igitur  lasonem  ex  urbe  abstulerunt  et 
cum  postero  die  ad  regem  rediissent,  ei  renuntiaverunt 
puerum  mortuum  esse.  Pelias,  cum  haec  audivisset,  etsi 
re  vera  magnum  gaudium  percipiebat,  speciem  tamen 
doloris  praebuit  et  quae  causa  esset  mortis  quaeslvit.  111! 
tamen,  cum ,  bene  intellegerent  dolorem  eius  falsum  esse, 
nescio  quam  fabulam  de  mprte  puerl  fmxerunt. 


«*\ 

L  i* 

.A  \~ 


115.     A  Careless  Shoe-String. 

Post  breve  tempus  Pelias,  veritus  ne  regnum  suum 
tanta  vl  et  fraude  occupatum  amitteret,  amlcum  quendam 
Delphos  misit,  qui  oraculum  consuleret.  Ille  igitur  quam 
celerrime  Delphos  se  contulit  etquam  ob  causam  venisset 
demonstravit.  Respondit  oraculum  nullum  esse  in  prae- 
sentia  perlculum  :  monuit  tamen  Peliam  ut,  si  quis  veniret 
calceum  unum  gerens,  eum  caveret.  Post  paucos  annos 
accidit  ut  Pelias  magnum  sacrificium  facturus  esset : 
nuntios  in  omnes  partes  dlmiserat  et  certum  diem  con- 
veniendl  dixerat.  Die  constituto  magnus  numerus  homi- 
num  undique  ex  agris  convenit :  inter  alios  autem  venit 
etiam  lason  qui  a  puero  apud  Centaurum  quendam  vixe- 
rat.  Dum  tamen  iter  facit,  calceum  alterum  in  transeundo 
nescio  quo  flumine  amlsit. 

.  ^r\_  \»\  .    i\  » 


116.     The  Golden  Fleece. 

lason  igitur,  cum  calceum  amissum  nullo  modo  recipere 
posset,  altero  pede  nudo  in  regiam  pervenit :    quern  cum 


THE   ARGONAUTS.  99 

vidisset,  Pelias  subito  timore  adfectus  est ;  intellexit  enim 
hunc  esse  hominem  quern  oraculum  demonstravisset. •• 
Hoc  igitur  iniit  consilium.  Rex  erat  quidam  nomine 
Aeetes,  qul  regnum  Colchidis  illo  tempore  obtinebat. 
Huic  commissum  erat  vellus  illud  aureum  quod  Phrixus 
olim  ibi  reliquerat.  Constituit  igitur  Pelias  lasoni  nego- 
tium  dare  ut  hoc  vellere  potiretur  :  cum  enim  res  esset 
magni  perlcull,  sperabat  eum  in  itinere  periturum  esse  : 
lasonem  igitur  ad  se  arcesslvit  et  quid  fieri  vellet  demon- 
stravit.  lason  autem,  etsl  bene  intellegebat  rem  esse 
difficillimam,  negotium  libenter  suscepit. 

117.     The  Building  of  the  Good  Ship  Argo. 

Cum  tamen  Colchis  multorum  dierum  iter  ab  eo  loco 
abesset,  noluit  lason  solus  proficiscl :  dlmisit  igitur  nun- 
tios  in  omnes  partes,  qul  causam  itineris  docerent  et  diem 
certum  conveniendl  dicerent.  Interea,  postquam  omnia 
quae  sunt  usui  ad  armandas  naves  comportarl  iussit, 
negotium  dedit  Argo  culdam,  qul  summam  scientiam 
rerum  nauticarum  habebat,  ut  navem  aedificaret.  In  his 
rebus  circiter  decem  dies  consumptl  sunt :  Argus  enim 
qul  operi  praeerat  tantam  dlligentiam  praebebat,  ut  ne 
nocturnum  quidem  tempus  ad  laborem  intermitteret.  Ad 
multitudinem  hominum  transportandam  navis  paulo  erat 
latior  quam  quibus  in  nostro  marl  uti  consuevimus  et  ad 
vim  tempestatum  perferendam  tota  e  robore  facta  est. 

118.     The  Anchor  is  Weighed. 

Interea  is  dies  appetebat  quern  lason  per  nuntios 
edixerat  et  ex  omnibus  regionibus  Graeciae  multi,  quos 
aut  rei  novitas  aut  spes  gloriae  movebat,  undique  conve- 


100  THE   ARGONAUTS. 

niebant.  Tradunt  autem  in  hoc  numero  fuisse  Herculem, 
Orpheum,  citharoedum  praeclarissimum,  Theseum,  Cas- 
torem  et  multos  alios,  quorum  nomina  notissima  sunt. 
Ex  his  lason,  quos  arbitratus  est  ad  omnia  subeunda 
pericula  paratissimos  esse,  eos  ad  numerum  qulnquaginta 
delegit  et  socios  sibi  adiunxit :  turn  paucos  dies  commo- 
ratus,  ut  ad  omnes  casus  subsidia  compararet,  navem 
deduxit  et  tempestatem  ad  navigandum  idoneam  nactus 
magno  cum  plausu  omnium  solvit. 

119.     A  Fatal  Mistake. 

Haud  multum  post  Argonautae,  ita  enim  appellati  sunt 
qui  in  ista  navl  vehebantur,  Insulam  quandam  nomine 
Cyzicum  attigerunt  et  e  navi  egressl  a  rege  illius  regionis 
hospitio  exceptl  sunt.  Paucas  horas  ibi  commoratl  ad 
solis  occasum  rursus  solverunt :  at,  postquam  pauca 
millia  passuum  progress!  sunt,  tanta  tempestas  subito 
coorta  est,  ut  cursum  tenere  non  possent  et  in  eandem 
partem  insulae,  unde  nuper  profecti  erant,  magno  cum 
periculo  deicerentur.  Incolae  tamen,  cum  nox  esset  ob- 
scura,  Argon autas  non  agnoscebant  et  navem  inimicam 
venisse  arbitratl,  arma  rapuerunt  et  eos  egredi  prohibe- 
bant.  Acriter  in  lltore  pugnatum  est  et  rex  ipse,  qui  cum 
aliis  decucurrerat,  ab  Argonautis  occisus  est.  Mox  tamen, 
cum  iam  dilucesceret,  senserunt  incolae  se  errare  et  arma 
abiecerunt :  Argonautae  autem,  cum  viderent  regem 
occisum  esse,  magnum  dolorem  perceperunt. 

120.     The  Loss  of  Hylas. 

Postridie  eius  diel  lason,  tempestatem  satis  idoneam 
esse  arbitratus,  summa  enim  tranquillitas  iam  consecuta 


THE  ARGONAUTS.  101 

erat,  ancoras  sustulit  et  pauca  millia  passuum  progressus, 
ante  noctem  Mysiam  attigit.  Ibi  paucas  horas  in  ancoris 
exspectavit ;  a  nautis  enim  cognoverat  aquae  copiam 
quam  secum  haberent  iam  deficere  :  quam  ob  causam 
quidam  ex  Argonautis  in  terram  egress!  aquam  quaere- 
bant.  Horum  in  numero  erat  Hylas  quidam,  puer  forma 
praestantissima ;  qui,  dum  fontem  quaerit,  a  comitibus 
paulum  secesserat.  Nymphae  autem,  quae  fontem  cole- 
bant,  cum  iuvenem  vidissent,  el  persuadere  conatae  sunt 
ut  secum  maneret ;  et  cum  ille  negaret  se  hoc  facturum 
esse,  puerum  vl  abstulerunt. 

Comites  eius,  postquam  Hylam  amissum  esse  sense- 
runt,  magno  dolore  adfecti,  diu  frustra  quaerebant :  Her- 
cules autem  et  Polyphemus,  qui  vestigia  pueri  longius 
secuti  erant,"ubi  tandem  ad  litus  redierunt,  lasonem  sol- 
visse  cognoverunt. 

121.     Dining  Made  Difficult. 

Post  haec  Argonautae  ad  Thraciam  cursum  tenuerunt 
et  postquam  ad  oppidum  Salmydessum  navem  appulerant, 
in  terram  egressi  sunt.  Ibi  cum  ab  incolis  quaesTssent 
quis  regnum  eius  regionis  obtineret,  certiores  facti  sunt 
Phineum  quendam  turn  regem  esse.  Cognoverunt  etiam 
hunc  caecum  esse  et  diro  quodam  supplicio  adfici,  quod 
olim  se  crudelissimum  in  filios  suos  praebuisset.  Cuius 
supplici  hoc  erat  genus.  Missa  erant  a  love  monstra 
quaedam,  specie  horribili,  quae  capita  virginum,  corpora 
volucrum  habebant.  Hae  volucres,  quae  Harpyiae 
appellabantur,  Phineo  summam  molestiam  adferebant ; 
quotiens  enim  ille  accubuerat,  veniebant  et  cibum  apposi- 
tum  statim  auferebant.  Quae  cum  ita  essent,  haud 
multum  afuit  quin  Phineus  fame  moreretur. 


102  THE  ARGONAUTS. 

122.    The  Harpies  Beaten. 

Res  igitur  in  hoc  loco  erant,  cum  Argonautae  navem 
appulerunt.  Phmeus  autem,  simul  atque  audlvit  eos  in 
suos  fines  egresses  esse,  magnopere  gavlsus  est.  Sciebat 
enim  quantam  opinionem  virtutis  Argonautae  haberent 
nee  dubitabat  quin  sibi  auxilium  ferrent.  Nuntium  igitur 
ad  navem  misit,  qui  lasonem  sociosque  ad  regiam  vocaret. 
E6  cum  venissent,  Phineus  demonstravit  quanto  in  periculo 
suae  res  essent  et  promisit  se  magna  praemia  daturum 
esse,  si  ill!  remedium  reperissent.  Argonautae  negotium 
libenter  susceperunt  et  ubi  hora  venit,  cum  rege  accubue- 
runt ;  at  simul  ac  cena  apposita  est,  Harpyiae  cenaculum 
intraverunt  et  cibum  auferre  conabantur.  Argonautae 
primum  gladiis  volucres  petierunt ;  cum  tamen  viderent  hoc 
nihil  prodesse,  Zetes  et  Calais,  qui  alls  instructl  sunt,  in 
aera  se  sublevaverunt,  ut  desuper  impetum  facerent. 
Quod  cum  sensissent  Harpyiae,  rei  novitate  perterritae, 
statim  aufugerunt  neque  postea  umquam  redierunt. 

123.    The  Symplegades. 

Hoc  facto,  Phmeus,  ut  pro  tanto  beneficio  meritas 
gratias  referret,  lasoni  demonstravit  qua  ratione  Symple- 
gades vitare  posset.  Symplegades  autem  duae  erant 
rupes  ingenti  magnitudine,  quae  a  love  positae  erant  eo 
consilio,  ne  quis  ad  Colchida  pervenlret.  Hae  parvo 
intervallo  in  marl  natabant  et,  si  quid  in  medium  spatium 
venerat,  incredibill  celeritate  concurrebant.  Postquam 
igitur  a  Phineo  doctus  est  quid  faciendum  esset,  lason 
sublatis  ancoris  navem  solvit  et  leni  vento  provectus  mox 
ad  Symplegades  appropmquavit :  turn  in  prora  stans 
columbam  quam  in  manu  tenebat  emisit.  Ilia  recta  via 


THE  ARGONAUTS.  103 

per  medium  spatium  volavit  et  priusquam  rupes  confllxe- 
runt  incolumis  evasit,  cauda  tantum  amissa.  Turn  rupes 
utrimque  discesserunt ;  antequam  tamen  rursus  concur- 
rerent,  Argonautae  bene  intellegentes  omnem  spem  salutis 
in  celeritate  positam  esse  summa  vl  remls  contenderunt 
et  navem  incolumem  perduxerunt.  Hoc  facto,  dis  gratias 
libenter  egerunt,  quorum  auxilio  e  tanto  periculo  erepti 
essent :  bene  enim  sciebant  non  sine  auxilio  deorum  rem 
ita  feliciter  evenisse. 

124.     A  Heavy  Task. 

BrevI  intermisso  spatio,  Argonautae  ad  flumen  Phasim 
venerunt,  quod  in  finibus  Colchorum  erat.  Ibi  cum  navem 
appulissent  et  in  terram  egress!  essent,  statim  ad  regem 
Aeetem  se  contulerunt  et  ab  eo  postulaverunt  ut  vellus 
aureum  sibi  traderetur.  Ille  cum  audivisset  quam  ob 
causam  Argonautae  venissent,  Ira  commotus  est  et  diu 
negabat  se  vellus  traditurum  esse.  Tandem  tamen,  quod 
sciebat  lasonem  non  sine  auxilio  deorum  hoc  negotium 
suscepisse,  mutata  sententia  promlsit  se  vellus  traditurum, 
si  lason  labores  duos  difficillimos  prius  perfecisset ;  et 
cum  lason  dixisset  se  ad  omnia  pencula  subeunda  paratum 
esse,  quid  fieri  vellet,  ostendit.  Prlmum  iungendi  erant 
duo  tauri  specie  horribili,  qul  flammas  ex  ore  edebant  ; 
turn,  his  iunctis,  ager  quldam  arandus  erat  et  dentes 
draconis  serendi.  His  audltis,  lason,  etsl  rem  esse 
summl  perlcull  intellegebat,  tamen,  ne  hanc  occasionem 
rei  bene  gerendae  amitteret,  negotium  suscepit. 

125.     The  Magic  Ointment. 

At  Medea,  regis  filia,  lasonem  adamavit  et  ubi  audivit 
eum  tantum  periculum  subiturum  esse,  rem  aegre  ferebat. 


104  THE  ARGONAUTS. 

Intellegebat  enim  patrem  suum  hunc  laborem  proposuisse 
eo  ipso  consilio,  ut  lason  moreretur.  Quae  cum  ita 
essent,  Medea,  quae  summam  scientiam  medicmae  habe- 
bat,  hoc  consilium  iniit.  Media  nocte  clam  patre  ex  urbe 
evasit ;  et  postquam  in  montes  f initimos  venit,  herbas 
quasdam  carpsit ;  turn  suco  expresso  unguentum  paravit 
quod  vi  sua  corpus  aleret  nervosque  conflrmaret.  Hoc 
facto  lasoni  unguentum  dedit :  praecepit  autem,  ut  eo 
die,  quo  istl  labores  conficiendl  essent,  corpus  .suum  et 
arma  mane  oblineret.  lason,  etsi  paene  omnes  magnitu- 
dine  et  viribus  corporis  antecellebat,  vita  enim  omnis  in 
venationibus  atque  in  studils  rei  militaris  constiterat, 
censebat  tamen  hoc  consilium  non  neglegendum  esse. 


126.     Sowing  the  Dragon's  Teeth. 

Ubi  is  dies  venit  quern  rex  ad  arandum  agrum  edixerat, 
lason  orta  luce  cum  sociis  ad  locum  constitutum  se  con- 
tulit.  Ibi  stabulum  ingens  repperit  in  quo  taurl  inclusi 
erant  :  turn  portis  apertls  tauros  in  lucem  traxit  et  summa 
cum  difficultate  iugum  imposuit.  At  Aeetes,  cum  videret 
tauros  nihil  contra  lasonem  valere,  magnopere  miratus 
est ;  nesciebat  enim  f Iliam  suam  auxilium  el  dedisse. 
Turn  lason  omnibus  aspicientibus  agrum  arare  coepit ; 
qua  in  re  tantam  diligentiam  praebuit,  ut  ante  meridiem 
totum  opus  confecerit.  Hoc  facto,  ad  locum  ubi  rex 
sedebat  adiit  et  dentes  draconis  postulavit :  quos  ubi 
accepit,  in  agrum  quern  araverat  magna  cum  diligentia 
sparsit.  Horum  autem  dentium  natura  erat  talis  ut,  in 
eo  loco  ubi  insitl  essent,  viri  armati  miro  quodam  rnodo 
gignerentur. 


THE  ARGONAUTS.  105 


127.  A  Strange  Crop. 

Nondum  tamen  lason  totum  opus  confecerat :  impera- 
verat  enim  el  Aeetes  ut  armatos  viros  qui  e  dentibus 
glgnerentur  solus  interficeret.  Postquam  igitur  omnes 
dentes  in  agrum  sparsit,  lason  lassitudine  exanimatus 
quietl  se  tradidit,  dum  virl  isti  glgnerentur.  Paucas 
horas  dormiebat ;  sub  vesperum  tamen  e  somno  subito 
excitatus  rem  ita  evenisse,  ut  praedictum  erat,  cognovit : 
nam  in  omnibus  agri  partibus  virl  ingentl  magnitudine 
corporis,  gladiis  galeisque  armati,  mlrum  in  modum  e 
terra  oriebantur.  Hoc  cognito  lason  consilium  quod 
dederat  Medea  non  omittendum  esse  putabat;  saxum 
igitur  ingens,  ita  enim  praeceperat  Medea,  in  medios  viros 
coniecit.  Illi  undique  ad  locum  concurrerunt  et  cum 
quisque  sibi  id  saxum,  nescio  cur,  habere  vellet,  magna 
controver§ia  orta  est.  Mox  strictis  gladiis  inter  se  pug- 
nare  coeperunt  et  cum  hoc  modo  plurimi  occisi  essent, 
reliqul  volneribus  confectl  a  lasone  nullo  negotio  inter- 
fecti  sunt. 

128.  Flight  of  Medea. 

At  rex  Aeetes,  ubi  cognovit  lasonem  laborem  proposi- 
tum  confecisse,  Ira  graviter  commotus  est :  intellegebat 
enim  id  per  dolum  factum  esse  nee  dubitabat  quin  Medea 
auxilium  el  tulisset.  Medea  autem,  cum  intellegeret  se 
in  magno  fore  periculo,  si  in  regia  mansisset,  fuga  salutem 
petere  constituit.  Omnibus  igitur  ad  fugam  paratls  media 
nocte  msciente  patre  cum  fratre  Absyrto  evasit  et  quam 
celerrime  ad  locum  ubi  Argo  subducta  erat  se  contulit. 
E6  cum  venisset,  ad  pedes  lasonis  se  proiecit  et  multis 
cum  lacrimis  obsecravit  eum,  ne  in  tanto  discrimine 


106     .  THE  ARGONAUTS. 

mulierem  desereret,  quae  el  tantum  profuisset.  Ille, 
quod  memoria  tenebat  se  per  eius  auxilium  e  magno 
periculo  evasisse,  libenter  earn  excepit  et  postquam  causam 
veniendi  audivit,  hortatus  est  ne  patris  Iram  timeret.  Pro- 
misit  autem  se  quam  primum  earn  in  nave  sua  avecturum. 

129.    The  Seizure  of  the  Fleece. 

Postrldie  eius  diel  lason  cum  socils  suis  orta  luce 
navem  deduxit  et  tempestatem  idoneam  nactl  ad  eum 
locum  remis  contenderunt,  quo  in  loco  Medea  vellus  cela- 
tum  esse  demonstravit.  Eo  cum  venissent,  lason  in 
terram  egressus  est  et  socils  ad  mare  relictis  qui  praesidio 
navi  essent,  ipse  cum  Medea  in  silvas  viam  cepit.  Pauca 
millia  passuum  per  silvam  progressus  vellus  quod  quaere- 
bat  ex  arbore  suspensum  vldit.  Id  tamen  auferre  res 
erat  summae  difficultatis :  non  modo  enim  locus  ipse 
egregie  et  natura  et  arte  munitus  erat,  sed  etiam  draco 
quidam  specie  terribill  arborem  custodiebat.  At  Medea? 
quae,  ut  supra,  demonstravimus,  medicmae  summam 
scientiam  habuit,  ramum  quern  ex  arbore  proxima  deri- 
puerat  veneno  infecit.  Hoc  facto  ad  locum  appropm- 
quavit  et  draconem,  qui  faucibus  apertis  adventum 
exspectabat,  veneno  sparsit :  proinde,  dum  draco  somno 
oppressus  dormit,  lason  vellus  aureum  ex  arbore  deripuit 
et  cum  Medea  quam  celerrime  pedem  rettulit. 

130.     Back  to  the  Argo. 

Dum  tamen  ea  geruntur,  Argonautae,  qui  ad  mare 
rellctl  erant,  animo  anxio  reditum  lasonis  exspectabant : 
bene  enim  intellegebant  id  negotium  summl  esse  periculi. 
Postquam  igitur  ad  occasum  solis  frustra  exspectaverant, 


THE  ARGONAUTS,  107 

de  eius  salute  desperare  coeperunt  nee  dubitabant  quin 
aliqui  casus  accidisset.  Quae  cum  ita  essent,  maturan- 
dum  sibi  censuerunt,  ut  auxilium  duel  ferrent :  et  dum 
proficlscl  parant  lumen  quoddam  subito  conspiciunt 
mlrum  in  modum  inter  silvas  refulgens  :  et  magnopere 
mlratl  quae  causa  esset  eius  rel  ad  locum  concurrunt. 
Quo  cum  venissent,  lasonl  et  Medeae  advenientibus 
occurrerunt  et  vellus  aureum  luminis  eius  causam  esse 
cognoverunt.  Omni  timore  sublato,  magno  cum  gaudio 
ducem  suum  exceperunt  et  dis  gratias  libenter  rettulerunt 
quod  res  ita  feliciter  evenisset. 


131.    Pursued  by  the  Angry  Father. 

His  rebus  gestis,  omnes  sine  mora  navem  rursus  con- 
scenderunt  et  sublatis  ancorls  prlma  vigilia  solverunt : 
neque  enim  satis  tutum  esse  arbitrati  sunt  in  eo  loco 
manere.  At  rex  Aeetes,  qui  iam  ante  inimico  in  eos 
fuerat  animo,  ubi  cognovit  filiam  suam  non  modo  ad 
Argonautas  se  recepisse  sed  etiam  ad  vellus  auferendum 
auxilium  tulisse,  hoc  dolore  gravius  exarsit.  Navem 
longam  quam  celerrime  deduci  iussit  et  militibus  impo- 
sitis  fugientes  insecutus  est.  Argonautae,  qui  bene 
sciebant  rem  in  discrimine  esse,  summis  vlribus  remis 
contendebant :  cum  tamen  navis  qua  vehebantur  ingenti 
esset  magnitudine,  non  eadem  celeritate  qua  Colchi 
progredl  poterant.  Quae  cum  ita  essent,  minimum  afuit 
qum  a  Colchis  sequentibus  caperentur  neque  enim  lon- 
gius  intererat  quam  quo  telum  adicl  posset.  At  Medea, 
cum  vldisset  quo  in  loco  res  essent,  paene  omnl  spe 
deposita,  Infandum  hoc  consilium  cepit. 


108  THE   ARGONAUTS. 


132.     A  Fearful  Expedient. 

Erat  in  nave  Argonautarum  filius  quidam  regis  Aeetae, 
nomine  Absyrtus,  quern,  ut  supra  demonstravimus,  Medea 
ex  urbe  fugiens  secum  abduxerat.  Hunc  puerum  Medea 
constituit  interficere  eo  consilio  ut,  membris  eius  in  mare 
coniectls,  cursum  Colchorum  impedlret  :  pro  certo  enim 
sciebat  Aeetem,  cum  membra  fill  vidisset,  non  longius 
prosecuturum  esse :  neque  opinio  earn  fefellit :  omnia 
enim  ita  evenerunt  ut  Medea  speraverat.  Aeetes,  ubi 
primum  membra  vidit,  ad  ea  colligenda  navem  statui 
iussit :  dum  tamen  ea  geruntur,  Argonautae  non  inter- 
misso  remigandi  labore,  mox,  quod  necesse  fuit,  e  con- 
spectu  hostium  remotl  sunt  neque  prius  fugere  destiterunt 
quam  ad  flumen  Eridanum  pervenerunt.  At  Aeetes  nihil 
sibi  profuturum  esse  arbitratus,  si  longius  progressus 
esset,  animo  demlsso  domum  revertit,  ut  fill  corpus  ad 
sepulturam  daret. 

133.     The  Bargain  with  Pelias. 

Tandem  post  multa  pericula  lason  in  eundem  locum 
pervenit  unde  olim  profectus  erat.  Turn  e  navi  egressus 
ad  regem  Peliam  qui  regnum  adhuc  obtinebat  statim  se 
contulit  et  vellere  aureo  monstrato  ab  eo  postulavit,  ut 
regnum  sibi  traderetur :  Pelias  enim  pollicitus  erat,  si 
lason  vellus  rettulisset,  se  regnum  el  traditurum.  Post- 
quam  lason  quid  fieri  vellet  ostendit,  Pelias  primum  nihil 
respondit,  sed  diu  in  eadem  tristitia  tacitus  permansit : 
tandem  ita  locutus  est.  "  Vides  me  aetate  iam  esse  con- 
fectum  neaue  dubium  est  quin  dies  supremus  mihi  adsit. 


THE  ARGONAUTS.  109 

Liceat  igitur  mihi  dum  vivam  hoc  regnum  obtinere  ;  turn, 
postquam  ego  e  vita  discessero,  tu  in  meum  locum 
venies."  Hac  oratione  adductus  lason  respondit  se  id 
facturum  quod  ille  rogasset. 

134.    Boiled  Mutton. 

His  rebus  cognitis,  Medea  rem  aegre  tulit  et  regnl 
cupiditate  adducta  constituit  mortem  regi  per  dolum 
Inferre.  Hoc  constitute,  ad  filias  regis  venit  atque  ita 
locuta  est.  "Videtis  patrem  vestrum  aetate  iam  esse 
confectum  neque  ad  laborem  regnandi  perferendum  satis 
valere.  Voltisne  eum  rursus  iuvenem  fieri  ?"  Turn  filiae 
regis  his  audltis  ita  responderunt.  "  Num  hoc  fieri 
potest?  Quis  enim  unquam  e  sene  iuvenis  factus  est?  " 
At  Medea  respondit,  "  Scitis  me  medicmae  summam 
habere  scientiam.  Nunc  igitur  vobls  demonstrabo  quo- 
modo  haec  res  fieri  possit."  His  dictis,  cum  arietem 
aetate  iam  confectum  interfecisset,  membra  eius  in  vas 
aeneum  posuit  et  igne  supposito  aquae  herbas  quasdam 
Infudit.  Turn,  dum  aqua  effervesceret,  carmen  magicum 
cantabat.  Post  breve  tempus  aries  e  vase  exsiluit  et 
viribus  refectls  per  agros  currebat. 

135.     A  Dangerous  Experiment. 

Dum  filiae  regis  hoc  miraculum  stupentes  intuentur, 
Medea  ita  locuta  est.  "Videtis  quantum  valeat  medi- 
cina.  Vos  igitur,  si  voltis  patrem  vestrum  in  adulescen- 
tiam  reducere,  id  quod  feel  ipsae  facietis. .  Vos  patris 
membra  in  vas  conicite ;  ego  herbas  magicas  praebebo." 
His  audltis,  filiae  regis  consilium  quod  dederat  Medea 
non  omittendum  putaverunt :  patrem  igitur  Peliam  neca- 


110  ARGONAUTS. 

verunt  et  membra  eius  in  vas  aeneum  coniecerunt ;  nihil 
enim  dubitabant  qurn  hoc  maxime  el  profuturum  esset. 
At  res  omnmo  aliter  evenit  ac  speraverant :  Medea  enim 
non  easdem  herbas  dedit  quibus  ipsa  usa  erat.  Itaque, 
postquam  diu  frustra  exspectaverunt,  patrem  suum  re  vera 
mortuum  esse  intellexerunt.  His  rebus  gestis,  Medea 
sperabat  se  cum  coniuge  suo  regnum  accepturam  esse : 
at  elves,  cum  intellegerent  quo  modo  Pelias  periisset, 
tantum  scelus  aegre  tulerunt :  itaque  lasone  et  Medea  e 
regno  expulsis,  Acastum  regem  creaverunt. 

136.     A  Fatal  Gift. 

Post  haec  lason  et  Medea  e  Thessalia  expulsi  ad  urbem 
Corinthum  venerunt,  cuius  urbis  Creon  quidam  regnum 
turn  obtinebat.  Erat  autem  Creonti  fllia  una,  nomine 
Glauce ;  quam  cum  vidisset,  lason  constituit  Medeam 
uxorem  suam  repudiare  eo  consilio  ut  Glaucen  in  matri- 
monium  duceret.  At  Medea,  ubi  intellexit  quae  ille  in 
animo  haberet,  Ira  graviter  commota,  iureiurando  con- 
firmavit  se  tantam  iniuriam  ulturam.  Hoc  igitur  consilium 
cepit.  Vestem  paravit  summa  arte  contextam  et  varils 
coloribus  tinctam  :  hanc  diro  quodam  Infecit  veneno,  cuius 
vis  talis  erat,  ut,  si  quis  earn  vestem  induisset,  corpus  eius 
quasi  igm  ureretur.  Hoc  facto,  vestem  ad  Glaucen  mlsit : 
ilia  autem  nihil  mall  suspicans  donum  libenter  accepit  et 
vestem  novam,  more  feminarum,  statim  induit. 

137.     Flight  of  Medea  and  Death  of  Jason. 

Vix  vestem  induerat  Glauce,  cum  dolorem  gravem  per 
omnia  membra  sensit  et  post  paulufn  diro  cruciatu  adfecta 
e  vita  excessit.  His  rebus  gestis,  Medea  furore  atque 


ULYSSES.  Ill 

amentia  impulsa  filios  suds  necavit :  turn  magnum  sibi 
fore  periculum  arbitrata,  si  in  Thessalia  maneret,  ex  ea 
regione  fugere  constituit.  Hoc  constitute,  Solem  oravit 
ut  in  tanto  periculo  auxilium  sibi  praeberet.  Sol  autem 
his  precibus  commotus  currum  quendam  misit,  cul  dra- 
cones  alls  instruct!  iuncti  erant.  Medea  non  omittendam 
tantam  occasionem  arbitrata  currum  conscendit  itaque 
per  aera  vecta  incolumis  ad  urbem  Athenas  pervenit. 
lason  autem  post  breve  tempus  miro  modo  occisus  est. 
Ille  enim,  slve  casu  sive  consilio  deorum,  sub  umbra 
navis  suae,  quae  in  lltus  subducta  erat,  olim  dormiebat. 
At  navis,  quae  adhuc  erecta  steterat,  in  earn  partem  ubi 
lason  iacebat  subito  delapsa  virum  Infelicem  oppressit. 


ULYSSES. 

Ulysses,  a  celebrated  Greek  hero,  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  long  siege  of  Troy.  After  the  fall  of  the  city,  he  set  out 
with  his  followers  on  his  homeward  voyage  to  Ithaca,  an  island 
of  which  he  was  king  ;  but,  being  driven  out  of  his  course  by 
northerly  winds,  he  was  compelled  to  touch  at  the  country  of 
the  Lotus  Eaters,  who  are  supposed  to  have  lived  on  the  north 
coast  of  Libya  (Africa).  Some  of  his  comrades  were  so 
delighted  with  the  lotus  fruit  that  they  wished  to  remain  in  the 
country,  but  Ulysses  compelled  them  to  embark  again,  and 
continued  his  voyage.  He  next  came  to  the  island  of  Sicily, 
and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  giant  Polyphemus,  one  of  the 
Cyclopes.  After  several  of  his  comrades  had  been  killed  by 
the  monster,  Ulysses  made  his  escape  by  stratagem,  and  next 
reached  the  country  of  the  Winds.  Here  he  received  the  help 


112  ULYSSES. 

of  ^Eolus,  king  of  the  winds,  and,  having  set  sail  again,  arrived 
within  sight  of  Ithaca  ;  but,  owing  to  the  folly  of  his  compan- 
ions, the  winds  became  suddenly  adverse,  and  they  were  again 
driven  back.  They  then  touched  at  an  island  occupied  by 
Circe,  a  powerful  enchantress,  who  exercised  her  charms  on 
the  companions  of  Ulysses,  and  turned  them  into  swine.  By 
the  help  of  the  god  Mercury,  Ulysses  himself  not  only  escaped 
this  fate,  but  forced  Circe  to  restore  her  victims  to  human 
shape.  After  staying  a  year  with  Circe,  Ulysses  again  set  out, 
and  eventually  reached  his  home. 


138.     Homeward  Bound. 

Urbem  Troiam  a  Graecis  decem  annos  obsessam  esse, 
satis  constat  :  de  hoc  enim  bello  Homerus,  maximus 
poetarum  Graecorum,  Iliadem,  opus  notissimum,  scrlpsit. 
Troia  tandem  per  Insidias  capta,  Graeci  longo  bello  fessi 
domum  redire  maturaverunt.  Omnibus  igitur  ad  profec- 
tionem  paratls  naves  deduxerunt  et  tempestatem  idoneam 
nactl  magno  cum  gaudio  solverunt.  Erat  inter  primes 
Graecorum  Ulixes  quidam,  vir  summae  virtutis  ac  pru- 
dentiae,  quern  dicunt  nonnulli  dolum  istum  excogitasse, 
per  quern  Troiam  captam  esse  constat.  Hie  regnum 
Insulae  Ithacae  obtinuerat  et  paulo  antequam  cum 
reliquls  Graecis  ad  bellum  profectus  est  puellam  for- 
mosissimam  nomine  Penelopen  in  matrimonium  duxerat. 
Nunc  igitur  cum  iam  decem  annos  quasi  in  exsilio  con- 
sumpsisset,  magna  cupidine  patriae  et  uxoris  videndae 
ardebat. 


ULYSSES.  Ill 


139.    The  Lotus  Eaters. 

Postquam  tamen  pauca  millia  passuum  a  litore  Troiae 
progress!  sunt,  tanta  tempestas  subito  coorta  est,  ut  nulla 
navium  cursum  tenere  posset,  sed  aliae  alias  in  partes 
disicerentur.  Navis  autem,  qua  ipse  Ulixes  vehebatur, 
vi  tempestatis  ad  meridiem  delata,  decimo  die  ad  litus 
Libyae  appulsa  est.  Ancoris  iactls,  Ulixes  constituit 
nonnullos  e  sociis  in  terram  exponere,  qui  aquam  ad 
navem  referrent  et  qualis  esset  natura  eius  regionis  cog- 
noscerent.  Hi  igitur  e  navi  egress!  imperata  facere 
parabant.  Dum  tamen  fontem  quaerunt,  quibusdam  ex 
incolls  obviam  fact!  ab  iis  hospitio  accept!  sunt.  Accidit 
autem  ut  vlctus  eorum  hominum  e  mlro  quodam  fructu 
quern  lotum  appellabant  paene  omnino  constaret.  Quern 
cum  Graec!  gustassent,  patriae  et  sociorum  statim  obllt! 
se  conflrmaverunt  semper  in  ea  terra  mansuros  ut  dulc! 
illo  cibo  in  aeternum  vescerentur.  • 


140.     The  Lotus  Eaters  —  continued. 

At  Ulixes,  cum  ab  hora  septima  ad  vesperum  exspec- 
tasset,  veritus  ne  socii  su!  in  perlculo  versarentur, 
nonnullos  e  reliquls  misit,  ut,  quae  causa  esset  morae, 
cognoscerent.  Hi  igitur  in  terram  expositi,  ad  vicum 
qui  non  longe  afuit  se  contulerunt :  quo  cum  venissent, 
socios  suos  quasi  vino  ebrios  reppererunt :,  turn  ubi  causam 
veniendi  docuerunt,  iis  persuadere  conabantur,  ut  secum 
ad  navem  redlrent.  IllI  tamen  resistere  ac  manu  se  de- 
fendere  coeperunt,  saepe  clamitantes  se  nunquam  ex  eo 
loco  abituros.  Quae  cum  ita  essent,  nuntii  re  Infecta  ad 
Ulixem  redierunt.  His  rebus  cognitls,  Ulixes  ipse  cum 


114  UL  YSSES. 

omnibus  qui  in  navl  relict!  sunt  ad  locum  venit ;  et  socios 
suos  frustra  hortatus  ut  sponte  sua  redirent,  manibus 
eorum  post  terga  vinctls,  invitos  ad  navem  reportavit. 
Turn  ancorls  sublatis  quam  celerrime  e  portu  solvit. 

141.  The  One-Eyed  Giant. 

Postridie  eius  die!  postquam  totam  noctem  remls  con- 
tenderant,  ad  terram  Ignotam  navem  appulerunt :  turn, 
quod  naturam  eius  regionis  Ignorabat,  ipse  Ulixes  cum 
duodecim  e  socils  in  terram  egressus  locum  explorare 
constituit.  Paulum  a  lltore  progress!  ad  antrum  ingens 
pervenerunt,  quod  habitari  senserunt :  eius  enim  intro- 
itum  arte  et  manibus  munitum  esse  animadverterunt. 
Mox,  etsi  intellegebant  se  non  sine  periculo  id  facturos, 
antrum  intraverunt :  quod  cum  fecissent,  magnam  copiam 
lactis  invenerunt  in  vasis  ingentibus  conditam.  Dum 
tamen  mlrantur  quis  earn  sedem  incoleret,  sonitum  terri- 
bilenv  audiverunt  et  oculis  ad  portam  versis  monstrum 
horribile  viderunt,  humana  quidem  specie  et  figura,  sed 
ingentl  magnitudine  corporis.  Cum  autem  animadver- 
tissent  gigantem  unum  tantum  oculum  habere  in  media 
fronte  positum,  intellexerunt  hunc  esse  unum  e  Cyclopi- 
bus,  de  quibus  famam  iam  acceperant. 

142.  The  Giant's  Supper. 

Cyclopes  autem  pastores  erant  quidam,  qui  Insulam 
Siciliam  et  praecipue  montem  Aetnam  incolebant :  ibi 
enim  Volcanus,  praeses  fabrorum  et  ignis  repertor,  cuius 
servi  Cyclopes  erant,  officinam  suam  habebat. 

Graeci  igitur,  simul  ac  monstrum  viderunt,  terrore 
paene  exanimati  in  interiorem  partem  speluricae  refuge- 


UL  YSSES.  115 

runt  et  se  ibi  celare  conabantur.  Polyphemus  autem,  ita 
enim  gigas  appellatus  est,  pecora  sua  in  speluncam  egit ; 
turn  cum  saxo  ingenti  portam  obstruxisset,  Ignem  in 
medio  antro  accendit.  Hoc  facto,  oculo  omnia  perlustra- 
bat  et  cum  sensisset  homines  in  interiore  parte  antri 
celari,  magna  voce  exclamavit.  "Qui  estis  homines? 
Mercatores  an  latrones  ? "  Turn  Ulixes  respondit  se 
neque  mercatores  esse  neque  praedandl  causa  venisse  : 
sed  e  Troia  redeuntes  vl  tempestatum  a  recto  cursu  deV 
pulsos  esse  :  oravit  etiam  ut  sibi  sine  iniuria  abire  liceret. 
Turn  Polyphemus  quaesivit  ubi  esset  navis  qua  vecti 
essent  ;  Ulixes  autem,  cum  bene  intellegeret  sibi  maxime 
praecavendum  esse,  respondit  navem  suam  in  rupes 
coniectam  et  omnino  perfractam  esse.  Polyphemus  autem 
nullo  dato  response  duo  e  sociis  manu  corripuit  et  mem- 
brls  eorum  divolsis  carnem  devorare  coepit. 

143.    No  Way  of  Escape. 

Dum  haec  geruntur,  Graecorum  animos  tantus  terror 
occupavit,  ut  ne  vocem  quidem  edere  possent  sed  omnl 
spe  salutis  deposits,  mortem  praesentem  exspectarent. 
At  Polyphemus,  postquam  fames  hac  tarn  horribili  cena 
depulsa  est,  hum!  prostratus  somno  se  dedit.  Quod  cum 
vidisset  Ulixes,  tantam  occasionem  rei  bene  gerendae 
non  omittendam  arbitrates,  in  eo  erat  ut  pectus  monstrl 
gladio  transfigeret.  Cum  tamen  nihil  temere  agendum 
existimaret,  constituit  explorare,  antequam  hoc  faceret, 
qua  ratione  ex  antro  evadere  possent.  At  cum  saxum 
animadvertisset,  quo  introitus  obstructus  erat,  nihil  sibi 
profuturum  intellexit,  si  Polyphemum  interfecisset. 
Tanta  enim  erat  eius  saxi  magnitudo,  ut  ne  a  decem 


116  ULYSSES. 

quidem  hominibus  amoveri  posset.  Quae  cum  ita  essent, 
Ulixes  hoc  destitit  conatu  et  ad  socios  rediit ;  qui,  cum 
intellexissent  quo  in  loco  res  essent,  nulla  spe  salutis 
oblata,  de  fortunis  suis  desperare  coeperunt.  Ille  tamen, 
ne  animos  demitterent,  vehementer  hortatus  est :  demon- 
stravit  se  iam  antea  e  multis  et  magnis  periculis  evasisse, 
neque  dubium  esse  qum  in  tanto  discrlmine  dil  auxilium 
adlaturl  essent. 

144.    A  Plan  for  Vengeance. 

Orta  luce,  Polyphemus  iam  e  somno  excitatus  idem 
quod  hesterno  die  fecit;  correptls  enim  duobus  e  reliquls 
viris,  carnem  eorum  sine  mora  devoravit.  Turn,  cum 
saxum  amovisset,  ipse  cum  pecore  suo  ex  antro  pro- 
gressus  est  :  quod  cum  viderent  Graecl,  magnam  in  spem 
venerunt  se  post  paulum  evasuros.  Mox  tamen  ab  hac 
spe  repulsi  sunt :  nam  Polyphemus,  postquam  omnes 
oves  exierunt,  saxum  in  locum  restituit.  ReliquI  omni 
spe  salutis  deposita  lamentis  lacrimisque  se  dediderunt : 
Ulixes  vero  qul,  ut  supra  demon  stravimus,'  vir  magnl 
fuit  consili,  etsi  bene  intellegebat  rem  in  discrlmine  esse, 
nondum  omnmo  desperabat.  Tandem  postquam  diu  toto 
animo  cogitavit,  hoc  cepit  consilium.  E  lignis  quae  in 
antro  reposita  sunt,  palum  magnum  delegit :  hunc  summa 
cum  diligentia  praeacutum  fecit ;  turn  postquam  sociis  quid 
fieri  vellet  ostendit,  reditum  Polyphemi  exspectabat. 

145.     A  Glass  Too  Much. 

Sub  vesperum  Polyphemus  ad  antrum  rediit  et  eodem 
modo  quo  antea  cenavit.  Turn  Ulixes  utrem  vini  promp- 
sit,  quern  forte,  ut  in  talibus  rebus  accidere  consuevit, 
secum  attulerat,  et  postquam  magnam  crateram  vino 


ULYSSES.  117 

replevit,  gigantem  ad  bibendum  provocavit.  Polyphemus, 
qui  nunquam  antea  vmum  gustaverat,  totam  crateram 
statim  hausit ;  quod  cum  fecisset,  tantam  voluptatem  per- 
cepit  ut  iterum  et  tertium  crateram  replerl  iusserit.  Turn 
cum  quaesivisset  quo  nomine  Ulixes  appellaretur,  ille 
respondit  se  Neminem  appellari  :  quod  cum  audivisset, 
Polyphemus  ita  locutus  est,  "  Hanc  tibi  gratiam  pro  tanto 
beneficio  referam  ;  te  ultimum  omnium  devorabo."  His 
dictls,  cibo  vinoque  gravatus  recubuit  et  post  breve  tern- 
pus  somno  oppressus  est.  Turn  Ulixes  sociis  convocatls, 
"  Habemus,"  inquit,  " quam  petiimus  facultatem  :  ne  igitur 
tantam  occasionem  rel  bene  gerendae  omittamus." 

146.     Nobody. 

Hac  oratione  habita,  postquam  extremum  palum  igne 
calefecit,  oculum  PolyphemI  dum  dormit  flagrante  llgno 
transfodit :  quo  facto,  omnes  in  dlversas  speluncae  partes 
se  abdiderunt.  At  ille  subito  illo  dolore,  quod  necesse 
fuit,  e  somno  excitatus,  clamorem  terribilem  sustulit  et 
dum  per  speluncam  errat,  Ulixl  manum  inicere  conabatur  : 
cum  tamen  iam  omnino  caecus  esset,  nullo  modo  hoc 
efficere  potuit.  Interea  reliqui  Cyclopes  clamore  audlto 
undique  ad  speluncam  convenerunt  et  ad  introitum  ad- 
stantes,  quid  Polyphemus  ageret  quaesiverunt,  et  quam 
ob  causam  tantum  clamorem  sustulisset.  Ille  respondit 
se  graviter  volneratum  esse  et  magno  dolore  adfici :  cum 
tamen  ceteri  quaesivissent  quis  el  vim  intulisset,  respondit 
ille  Neminem  id  fecisse :  quibus  audltis,  unus  e  Cyclopibus, 
"At  si  nemo,"  inquit,  "te  volneravit,  haud  dubium  est 
quin  consilio  deorum,  quibus  resistere  nee  possumus  nee 
volumus,  hoc  supplicio  adficiaris."  His  dictis  abierunt 
Cyclopes  eum  in  Insaniam  incidisse  arbitrate 


118  VLYSSES, 


147.    Escape. 

At  Polyphemus,  ubi  socios  suos  abiisse  sensit,  furore 
atque  amentia  impulsus  Ulixem  iterum  quaerere  coepit : 
tandem  cum  portam  invenisset,  saxum  quo  obstructa  erat 
amovit,  ut  pecus  ad  agros  exiret.  Turn  ipse  in  introitu 
sedit  et  ut  quaeque  ovis  ad  locum  venerat,  tergum  eius 
manibus  tractabat,  ne  viri  inter  oves  exire  possent.  Quod 
cum  animadvertisset  Ulixes,  hoc  iniit  consilium;  bene 
enim  intellexit  omnem  spem  salutis  in  dolo  magis  quam 
in  virtute  pom.  Primum  tres  quas  vldit  pinguissimas 
ex  ovibus  delegit :  quibus  inter  se  viminibus  conexls, 
unum  sociorum  ventribus  earum  ita  subiecit,  ut  omnlno 
lateret :  deinde  oves  hominem  secum  ferentes  ad  portam 
egit.  Id  accidit  quod  fore  suspicatus  erat.  Polyphemus 
enim,  postquam  manus  tergls  earum  imposuit,  oves  prae- 
terire  passus  est.  Ulixes,  ubi  rem  ita  fellciter  evenisse 
vldit,  omnes  suos  socios  ex  ordine  eodem  modo  emisit ; 
quo  facto,  ipse  ultimus  evasit. 

148.    Out  of  Danger. 

His  rebus  ita  confectls,  Ulixes  cum  sociis  maxime 
veritus  ne  Polyphemus  fraudem  sentlret,  quam  celerrime 
ad  lltus  contendit :  quo  cum  venissent,  ab  ils  qui  navi 
praesidio  relictl  erant,  magna  cum  laetitia  accept!  sunt. 
Hi  enim,  cum  animis  anxiis  iam  tres  dies  reditum  eorum 
in  horas  exspectavissent,  eos  in  periculum  grave  incidisse, 
id  quod  erat,  suspicati,  ipsi  auxiliandi  causa  egredi  para- 
bant.  Turn  Ulixes  non  satis  tutum  esse  arbitratus  si  in 
eo  Ioc5  maneret,  quam  celerrime  proncisci  constituit. 
lussit  igitur  omnes  navem  conscendere  et  ancoris  sublatis 


ULYSSES.  119 

paulum  a  litore  in  altum  provectus  est.  Turn  magna 
voce  exclamavit,  "Tu,  Polypheme,  qui  iura  hospiti 
spernis,  iustam  et  debitam  poenam  immanitatis  tuae 
solvistl."  Hac  voce  audita,  Polyphemus  Ira  vehementer 
commotus  ad  mare  se  contulit  et  ubi  intellexit  navem 
paulum  a  litore  remotam  esse,  saxum  ingens  manu  cor- 
reptum  in  earn  partem  coniecit,  unde  vocem  venire  sensit. 
Graeci  autem,  etsl  minimum  afuit  quln  submergerentur, 
nullo  accepto  damno  cursum  tenuerunt. 

149.     The  Country  of  the  Winds. 

Pauca  millia  passuum  ab  eo  loco  progressus  Ulixes  ad 
Insulam  quandam,  nomine  Aeoliam,  navem  appulit. 
Haec  patria  erat  Ventorum. 

"  Hie  vasto  rex  Aeolus  antro 
Luctantes  ventos  tempestatesque  sonoras 
Imperio  premit  ac  vinclis  et  carcere  frenat." 

Ibi  rex  ipse  Graecos  hospitio  accepit  atque  ils  persuasit 
ut  ad  recuperandas  vires  paucos  dies  in  ea  regione 
commorarentur.  Septimo  die  cum  socil  e  laboribus  se 
recepissent,  Ulixes,  ne  annl  tempore  a  navigatione  exclu- 
deretur,  sibi  sine  mora  proficiscendum  statuit.  Turn 
Aeolus,  qui  bene  sciebat  eum  maxime  cupidum  esse  patriae 
videndae,  Ulixl  iam  prefecture  magnum  dedit  saccum  e 
corio  confectum,  in  quo  ventos  omnes  praeter  unum  inclu- 
serat.  Zephyrum  tantum  praetermiserat,  quod  ilium  ventum 
ad  Ithacam  navigando  idoneum  esse  sciebat.  Ulixes  hoc 
donum  libenter  accepit  et  gratils  pro  tanto  beneficio  relatls, 
saccum  ad  malum  ligavit.  Turn  omnibus  ad  profectionem 
paratls  merldiano  fere  tempore  e  portu  solvit. 


120  ULYSSES. 


150.  The  Wind-Bag. 

Novem  dies  vento  secundissimo  cursum  tenuerunt : 
iamque  in  conspectum  patriae  suae  venerant,  cum  Ulixes 
lassitudine  confectus,  ipse  enim  manu  sua  gubernabat, 
ad  quietem  capiendam  recubuit.  At  socil,  qui  iamdudum 
mirabantur  quid  in  illo  sacco  inclusum  esset,  cum  viderent 
ducem  somno  oppressum  esse,  tantam  occasionem  non 
omittendam  arbitratl  sunt :  credebant  enim  aurum  et 
argentum  ibi  celari.  Itaque  spe  lucri  adducti  saccum 
sine  mora  solverunt :  quo  facto,  venti 

"Velut  agmine  facto 
Qua  data  porta  ruunt  et  terras  turbine  perflant." 

Extemplo  tanta  tempestas  subito  coorta  est,  ut  illl  cursum 
tenere  non  possent,  sed  in  eandem  partem  unde  erant 
profectl  referrentur.  Ulixes  e  somno  excitatus  quo  in 
loco  res  esset  statim  intellexit :  saccum  solutum  Ithacam 
post  tergum  relictam  vidit :  turn  vero  maxima  indignatione 
exarsit  sociosque  obiurgabat,  quod  cupiditate  pecuniae 
adducti  spem  patriae  videndae  proiecissent. 

151.  Drawing  Lots. 

Brevi  intermlsso  spatio,  Graecl  insulae  culdam  appro- 
plnquaverunt  quam  Circe,  filia  Solis,  incolebat.  Ibi  cum 
navem  appulisset,  Ulixes  in  terram  frumentandi  causa 
egrediendum  esse  statuit ;  cognoverat  enim  frumentum 
quod  in  navl  haberent  iam  deficere.  Sociis  igitur  ad  se 
convocatis,  quo  in  loco  res  esset  et  quid  fieri  vellet, 
ostendrL  Cum  tamen  omnes  in  memoria  tenerent  quam 
crudeli  morte  occubuissent  ii  qui  nuper  in  patriam  Cyclo- 
pum  egressi  essent,  nemo  repertus  est  qui  h5c  negotium 


UL  YSSES.  121 

suscipere  vellet.  Quae  cum  ita  essent,  res  ad  controver- 
siam  deducta  est.  Tandem  Ulixes  consensu  omnium 
socios  in  duas  partes  divisit,  quarum  alterl  Eurylochus, 
vir  summae  virtutis,  alterl  ipse  praeesset :  turn  hi  duo 
inter  se  sortiti  sunt,  uter  in  terram  egrederetur.  Hoc 
facto,  Eurylocho  sorte  evenit,  ut  cum  duobus  et  viginti 
socils  rem  susciperet. 

152.    The  House  of  the  Enchantress. 

His  rebus  ita  constitutis,  ii  qui  sorte  ducti  erant  in 
interiorem  partem  Insulae  profecti  sunt.  Tantus  tamen 
timor  animos  eorum  occupaverat,  ut  nihil  dubitarent  quin 
morti  obviam  irent :  vix  quidem  poterant  ii  qui  in  navi 
relicti  erant  lacrimas  tenere  :  credebant  enim  se  socios 
suos  nunquam  iterum  visuros.  Illi  autem  aliquantum 
itineris  progressi  ad  villam  quandam  pervenerunt,  sum  ma 
magnificentia  aedificatam  :  cuius  ad  ostium  cum  adiissent, 
carmen  dulcissimum  audiverunt.  Tanta  autem  fuit  eius 
vocis  dulcedo,  ut  nullo  modo  retineri  possent  quin  ianuam 
pulsarent.  Hoc  facto,  ipsa  Circe  foras  exiit  et  summa 
cum  benignitate  omnes  in  hospitium  invitavit.  Eurylochus 
insidias  comparari  suspicatus  foris  exspectare  constituit : 
at  reliqui  rei  novitate  adducti  intraverunt.  Convivium 
magnificum  invenerunt  omnibus  rebus  instruction ;  et  iussii 
dominae  libentissime  accubuerunt.  At  Circe  vinum  quod 
servi  apposuerunt  medicamento  quodam  miscuerat :  quod 
cum  illi  bibissent,  gravi  sopore  subito  oppressi  sunt. 

153.     Men  Changed  to  Pigs. 

Turn  Circe,  quae  artis  magicae  summam  scientiam 
habebat,  baculo  aureo  quod  gerebat  capita  eorum  tetigit : 


122  UL  YSSES. 

quo  facto,  omnes  in  porcos  subito  conversi  sunt.  Interea 
Eurylochus  Ignarus  quid  in  aedibus  ageretur  ad  ostium 
sedebat ;  postquam  tamen  ad  solis  occasum  anxio  animo 
et  sollicito  exspectaverat,  solus  ad  navem  regredi  consti- 
tuit.  Eo  cum  venisset,  anxietate  ac  timore  ita  perturbatus 
fuit  ut,  quae  vidisset,  vix  lucide  narrare  posset.  At 
Ulixes  satis  intellexit  socios  suos  in  periculo  versari,  et 
gladio  correpto  Eurylocho  imperavit,  ut  sine  mora  viam 
ad  istam  domum  monstraret.  Ille  tamen  multls  cum 
lacrimls  Ulixem  complexus  obsecrare  coepit,  ne  in  tantum 
perlculum  se  committeret :  Si  quid  gravius  el  accidisset, 
omnium  salutem  in  summo  discrimine  futuram.  Ulixes 
autem  respondit  se  neminem  invitum  secum  adducturum  : 
el  licere,  si  mallet,  in  navi  manere  :  se  ipsum  sine  ullo 
auxilio  rem  suscepturum.  Hoc  cum  magna  voce  dlxisset, 
e  navi  desiluit  et  nullo  sequente  solus  in  viam  se  dedit. 

154.     The  Counter  Charm. 

Aliquantum  itineris  progressus  ad  villam  magnificam 
pervenit,  quam  cum  oculis  perlustrasset,  statim  intrare 
statuit:  intellexit  enim  hanc  esse  eandem  de  qua  Eury- 
lochus mentionem  fecisset.  At  cum  in  eo  esset  ut  limen 
transiret,  subito  obviam  el  stetit  adulescens  forma  pul- 
cherrima,  aureum  baculum  manu  gerens.  Hie  Ulixem 
iam  domum  intrantem  manu  corripuit  et,  "  Quo  ruis  ?  " 
inquit,  "  Nonne  scis  hanc  esse  Circes  domum  ?  Hie 
inclusi  sunt  amicl  tui,  ex  humana  specie  in  porcos  con- 
versi. Num  vis  ipse  in  eandem  calamitatem  venire  ?  " 
Ulixes  simul  ac  vocem  audlvit  deum  Mercurium  agnovit : 
nullls  tamen  precibus  ab  Institute  consilio  deterreri  potuit; 
quod  cum  Mercurius  sensisset,  herbam  quandam  el  dedit, 


ULYSSES.  123 

quam  contra  carmina  maxime  valere  dlcebat.  "  Hanc 
cape,"  inquit,  "  et  ubi  Circe  te  baculo  tetigerit,  tu,  stricto 
gladio,  impetum  in  earn  vide  ut  facias."  His  dictis 

Mercurius 

"  Mortales  visus  medio  sermone  reliquit, 
Et  procul  in  tenuem  ex  oculis  evanuit  auram." 

155.     The  Enchantress  Foiled. 

Brevi  intermlsso  spatio,  Ulixes  ad  omnia  perlcula  sub- 
eunda  paratus  ostium  pulsavit  et  foribus  patefactis  ab  ipsa 
Circe  benigne  exceptus  est.  Omnia  eodem  modo  atque 
antea  facta  sunt.  Cenam  magnifice  Instructam  vidit  et 
accumbere  iussus  est.  Mox,  ubi  fames  cibo  depulsa  est, 
Circe  poculum  aureum  vino  repletum  Ulixi  dedit.  Ille, 
etsi  suspicatus  est  venenum  sibi  paratum  esse,  poculum 
exhausit:  quo  facto,  Circe,  postquam  caput  eius  baculo 
tetigit,  ea  verba  locuta  est  quibus  socios  eius  antea  in 
porcos  converterat.  Res  tamen  omnmo  aliter  evenit 
atque  ilia  speraverat.  Tanta  enim  vis  erat  eius  herbae 
quam  dederat  Mercurius,  ut  neque  venenum  neque  verba 
quidquam  efficere  possent.  Ulixes  autem,  sicut  iusserat 
Mercurius,  gladio  stricto  impetum  in  earn  fecit  et  mortem 
minitabatur.  Turn  Circe,  cum  sensisset  artem  suam  nihil 
valere,  multls  cum  lacrimis  eum  obsecrare  coepit,  ne 
vltam  adimeret. 

156.     Pigs  Changed  to  Men. 

Ulixes  autem  ubi  sensit  earn  timore  perterritam  esse, 
postulavit  ut  socios  sine  mora  in  humanam  speciem  redu- 
ceret,  certior  enim  factus  erat  a  deo  Mercurio  eos  in 
porcos  converses  esse  :  nisi  id  factum  esset,  ostendit  se 


124  UL  YSSES. 

debitas  poenas  sumpturum.  At  Circe  his  rebus  graviter 
commota  ad  pedes  ems  se  proiecit  et  multis  cum  lacrimis 
iureiurando  confirmavit  se,  quae  ille  imperasset,  omnia 
facturam :  turn  porcos  in  atrium  immittl  iussit.  111!  dato 
signo  inruerunt  et  cum  ducem  suum  agnovissent,  magno 
dolore  adfecti  sunt,  quod  nullo  modo  potuerunt  eum  de 
rebus  suis  certiorem  facere.  Circe  tamen  unguento 
quodam  corpora  eorum  unxit ;  quo  facto,  omnes  post  breve 
tempus  in  speciem  humanarri  redditi  sunt.  Magno  cum 
gaudio  Ulixes  amicos  agnovit  et  nuntium  ad  litus  mlsit, 
qui  reliquls  Graecls  socios  receptos  esse  diceret.  111! 
autem  his  rebus  cognitis  statim  ad  domum  Circaeam  se 
contulerunt ;  quo  cum  venissent,  omnes  universl  laetitiae 
se  dediderunt. 

157.     Afloat  Again. 

Postridie  eius  die!  Ulixes  in  animo  habebat  ex  Insula 
quam  celerrime  discedere :  Circe  tamen,  cum  haec  cog- 
novisset,  ex  odio  ad  amorem  conversa  omnibus  precibus 
eum  orare  et  obtestarl  coepit,  ut  paucos  dies  apud  se 
moraretur:  et  hoc  tandem  impetrato  tanta  beneficia  in 
eum  contulit  ut  facile  el  persuasum  sit  ut  diutius  maneret. 
Postquam  tamen  totum  annum  apud  Circen  consump- 
serat,  Ulixes  magno  desiderio  patriae  suae  videndae  motus 
est.  Sociis  igitur  ad  se  convocatis,  quid  in  animo  haberet 
ostendit.  Ubi  tamen  ad  litus  descendit,  navem  suam 
tempestatibus  ita  adflictam  invenit,  ut  ad  navigandum 
paene  inutilis  esset.  Hac  re  cognita,  omnia  quae  ad 
naves  reficiendas  usul  sunt  comparari  iussit:  qua  in  re 
tan  tarn  diligentiam  omnes  praebebant,  ut  ante  tertium 
diem  opus  confecerint.  At  Circe,  ubi  vidit  omnia  ad 
profectionem  parata  esse,  rem  aegre  ferebat  et  Ulixem 


UL  YSSES.  125 

vehementer  obsecrabat,  ut  eo  consllio  desisteret.  Ille 
tamen,  ne  anni  tempore  a  navigatione  excluderetur,  matu- 
randum  sibi  existimavit  et  tempestatem  idoneam  nactus 
navem  solvit.  Multa  quidem  pericula  Ulixl  subeunda 
erant  antequam  in  patriam  suam  pervenlret:  quae  tamen 
in  hoc  loco  longum  est  perscribere. 


NOTES. 


NOTES. 


.  1.   1.  5.  tergum  is  the  object  and  monstrum  the  subject  of  vol- 
nerabit. 

2.  1.  4.  aquae  periculum:  if  the  genitive  is  emphatic   it  comes 

before  the  noun  on  which  it  depends.  Compare  1,  1.  5, 
miseri  pueri  tergum. 

3.  1.  2.  igitur  :  notice  its  position. 
1.  3.  bona  :  take  with  poma. 

4.  1.  4.  domino  :  to  the  master. 

5.  1.  i.  parvum  habebam  thesaurum  :  notice  the  order,  and  com- 

pare 4,  1.  2,  argentum  celat  multum. 
1.  6.  nee  umquam :  but  never. 

6.  1.  3.  magnis:  to  be  taken  with  fossis,  as  well  as  with  tumulis, 

"with  great  dikes  and  mounds. 
1.  4.  claustra  :  object  of  deturbat. 

7.  1.  6.  umeris :  upon  their  shoulders. 

1.  7.  Cimbri:  point  out  other  instances  that  have  occurred  of 

the  subject  placed  after  the  verb. 
1.  8.  pueri  factum  :  see  note  on  2,  1.  4. 

8.  1.  5.  et  .  .  .  et :  both  .  .  .  and. 

10.  1.  3.  labore  superbus:  compare  in  1.  i,  labore  fessus,  and  in  2, 

1.  i,  limo  et  aqua  plena.  Mark  how  the  Latin  often 
expresses  by  the  ablative  what  we  denote  by  of  with 
a  noun. 

11.  1.  4.  quidem :  do  not  translate  indeed,  but,  to  be  sure.    Compare 

a  similar  use  of  quidem  in  5,  1.  5. 

12.  1.  i.  fSrte:  it  happened  that. 

14.  1.  10.  hue  illuc  =  huc  et  illuc. 

15.  1.  5.  veniam  delicti :  pardon  for  the  offence. 
1.  7.  vincit :  not  from  vinco, 


130  NOTES. 

16.  1.  2.  rex  exsul :  the  king  while  an  exile. 

1.  9.  Ira  plena :  compare  limo  et  aqua  plena,  2,  1.  i. 

17.  1.  2.  magna  cum  caterva :  a  common  Latin  order. 
1.  5.  umeris  :  from  his  shoulders. 

\.  7.  recurrit :  compare  currit,  14,  1.  9,  occurrit,  11,  1.  7. 
1.  8.  grata:  agrees  with  regma  understood,  she  gratefully. 

21.  1.  7.  equi  regis  habenas  :  the  bridle-reins  of  the  king's  horse. 

22.  11.  5  and  6.  rrmtat  .  .  .  cum:  exchanges  .  .  .for. 

1.  10.  vix  continet  iram  :  hardly  can  he  restrain  his  anger. 
1.  1 1.  invitus  :  unwillingly  ;  adjectives  must  frequently  be  trans- 
lated by  adverbs.     Cf.  grata,  17,  1.  8. 

23.  1.  2.  multis  cum  lacrimis :  see  note  on  magna  cum  caterva, 

17, 1.  2. 

1.  6.  inviti:  see  note  on  invitus,  22,  1.  n. 
1.  6.  poenam  :  this  word  meant  originally  a  fine  for  a  misdeed ; 

hence  to  take  a  fine  from  one  came  to  mean,  to  inflict 

punishment  on  one. 

24.  1."  2.  acubus  :  with  needles. 

25.  1.  4.  prae  timore  =  propter  timorem. 

26.  1.  4.  vestigia  fallebant :  made  their  steps  uncertain ;  or,  made 

an  uncertain  footing. 

27.  1.  3.  taciti:  see  note  on  invitus,  22,  1.  n. 

1.  9.  defendit:  cf.  1.  4,  where  it  means  keeps  away  from. 
1.  9.  demittit :  how  different  in  meaning  from  demittunt   in 
1.  2? 

28.  1.  3.  regis :  depends  on  virtutem, 
1.  7.  custodem:  as  guard. 

\.  10.  comitem :  as  companion. 

31.   1.  2.  dum  .  .  .  abest :  while  he  was  absent.     The  present  tense 
is  often  used  after  dum,  of  an  act  that  was  going  on, 
and  hence  must  be  rendered  by  a  past  tense. 
1.  3.  more  suo  :  as  his  way  was.     What  literally  ? 
1.  ii.  iacebat :  was  lying  dead. 
34.   1.  2.  copiarum  regis  impetum:  the  attack  of  the  king's  forces. 

1.  3.  supererat :  from  supersum. 

36.  1.  2.  gravis  corripuerat  morbus :  that  is,  gravis  morbus  cor- 
ripuerat.    Find  examples  of  a  similar  order  in  1,  3,  4,  5. 
1.  6.  agris  nummisque:  in  lands  and  money. 


NOTES.  131 

37.    1.  2.  agunt :  a  word  of  many  meanings.    Cf .  34,  1.  5,  for  a  very 

different  sense. 

1.3.  ex  ...  fidelissimi :  i.e.,  fidelissimi  ex  meis  servis. 
1.  3.  deliciarum  causa :  expect  always  to  find  causa,  for  the  sake 

of,  following  its  genitive. 

6.  animo  .  .  .  praecipiunt :  anticipate.     What  literally  ? 
8.  altero :    than  the  other,    comparative  ablative  with  mol- 

lior. 
10.  abnuit:  perfect  tense. 


38. 


39. 


40. 


9.  questus :  accusative  plural. 

10.  cursu  :  with  fessi,  and  fame  with  languid!. 
12.  corpora:  i.e.,  corpora  liberorum. 

2.  nulla  :  mark  its  emphatic  position  ;  it  agrees  with  messis. 

6.  omnes  ad  unum :  all  to  a  man. 

10.  post :  we  should  say  within. 

i.  in  medio  Rheno:  in  the  middle  of  the  Rhine,  a  common 


Latin  idiom. 

3.  aqua  :  comparative  ablative  with  tutius. 
3.  tutius  :  neuter  comparative  of  tutus. 
3.  habet :  the  subject  is  princeps,  understood. 
1.  4.  mille :  indeclinable  in  the  singular,  has  pedum  dependent 

on  it. 

1.  9.  hi  ...  ill! :  these  .  .  .  those. 
1.  1 3.  poenam  sumunt :  see  note  on  23,  1.  6. 
41.   1.  3.  dum  iacent :  see  note  on  dum  .  .  .  abest,  31,  1.  2. 

1.  6.  exit! :  gen.  of  exitium. 
42-   1.  3.  ingrati :  see  note  on  22,  1.  1 1 . 

1.  5.  priore  pulchrius :  for  the  construction  compare  note  on 

altero,  37,  1.  8  ;  also  on  aqua,  40,  1.  3. 

1.  6.  magna  .  .  .  caterva:  a  common  order  in  Latin  is  adjective, 
genitive,  noun  with  which  the  adjective  agrees.  How  is 
it  in  English  ? 

1.  9.  ipse :  of  its  own  accord,  a  common  use  of  ipse. 
43.   1.  2.  unus  ex  adsentatoribus :  you  will  find  this  a  common  con- 
struction in  place  of  the  partitive  genitive,  unus  adsenta- 
torum.     Find  other  examples  in  37  and  10. 
1.  5.  iussu  eius  :  by  his  order. 
1.  7.  in  rupe  stat  propinqua  :  notice  the  order. 


132  NOTES. 

43.  1.  ii.  mandata  regia  =  mandata  regis.     Find   a  similar  con- 

struction in  16. 

44.  1.  3-  can!  comiti :  to  his  dog,  his  companion  =  his  dog,  who  accom- 

panied hin. 
1.  6.  hdc  =  hocbaculo. 

45.  1.  6.  haec :  she  (the  duck). 

1.  7.  fugiebat :  sought  to  escape. 

46.  1.  4.  duxerat :  domum,  home,  is  understood. 

1.  7.  multae:    note  the   gender  of    the   adjective   used   as   a 
noun. 

47.  1.  9.  Deianira :   ablative    after   the    comparative   pulchriorem. 

Cf.  altero,  37,  1.  8,  and  note. 

48.  1.  7.  somm  :  from  somnium,  not  somnus. 
1.  n.  trahebant:  could  pull. 

1.  n.  hdc :  comparative  ablative.     Cf.  37,  1.  8,  note. 

53.  1.  7.  visum:  from  video. 
1.  8.  texerat :  from  tego. 

54.  1.  1 2.  militi :  depends  on  dedit. 

1.  15.  meis:  volneribus  is  understood.     What  ablative  is  this? 

55.  1.  2.  ovis :  from  ovum.     - 
1.  ii.  ei :  to  it. 

56.  1.  5.  sua  aqua  :  from  their  water. 

1.  5.  depellebant  t  would  drive  away. 

1.  7.  vere :  from  ver. 

1.  8.  frusta :  do  not  confound  with  frustra. 

58.  1.  9.  abditum :  from  abdo. 
1.  10.  rus  :  into  the  country. 

59.  1.  9.  diu  parco  aquae:  I  have  long  been  saving  the  water. 

63.  1.  i.  Apicio :  depends  on  transportaverant. 
1.  4.  aliud :  different. 

1.  4.  ilia :  the  former,  feles. 
1.  5.  haec :  the  latter,  simia. 
1.  1 1 .  more  SUO  :  as  its  habit  was. 

64.  1.  8.  Me  :  here.     Cf .  40,  1.  3. 
1.  n.  repete:  resume. 

1.  13.  capitis  damnabor:  /  shall  be  condemned  to  death.     But 

what  literally  ? 
66.   1.  9.  tempestatis :  from  the  storm. 


NOTES.  133 

69.  1.  6.  domi :  at  home. 

1.  7.  depellunt :  have  driven 

\.  9.  laeti :  render  as  if  it  were  an  adverb,  joyfully. 

1.  1 5.  divini :  sent  by  the  gods. 

70.  1.  9.  coquit :  observe  the  present  tense  and  see  31, 1.  2,  and  note. 

71.  1.  5.  semel :  once  only. 

1.  ii.  cena  :  imperative  from  ceno,  not  the  noun. 

72.  1.  4.  pratum:  subject  of  praebebat. 
1.  5.  ilia :  ilia  vacca. 

1.  8.  Me  :  here.     Cf.  64,  1.  8. 

1.  9.  oneravit :  translate  the  perfect  after  postquam,  ubi,  and 
ut,  all  meaning  -when,  as  a  pluperfect. 

74.  1.  4.  hunc :  the  order  in  English  would  be  hunc  asinum  quern 

videtis. 

1.  6.  arcessivit :  cf.  note  on  72,  1.  9. 
1.  10.  quod :  because. 
1.  ii.  es :  imperative. 
1.  12.  aut,  ego,  etc.  :  one  of  us,  either  I,  or  the  king,  or  the  ass, 

•will  be  dead. 

75.  1.5.  in  animo  est :  in  animd  miKi  est,  /  intend. 

I.  9.  dixit :  see  note  on  72,  1.  9. 

76.  1.  10.  hie :  the  king. 

78.  1.  n.  qu5  :  translate  of  which. 

79.  1.  i.  maxim!  :  highly;  literally,  at  a  very  great  (price). 

II.  7  and  8  :  quid  .  .  .  amoris :  any  love. 
1.  13.  minimi :  see  note  on  line  i. 

80.  1.  7.  inter  se  :  with  each  other. 

81.  11.  4  and  5.  in  maximum  .  .  .  adductus  est :  his  life  was  exposed 

to  the  greatest  peril.     But  what  literally  ? 

6.  regi :  depends  on  attulit. 

7.  confecto :  with  regi. 


82. 


83. 


i.  laetus :  see  22,  1.  ii,  and  note. 

1 1 .  alter :  one  or  the  other. 

1 1 .  soli  '.  we  alone. 

i.  idem:  at  the  same  time.     But  what  literally?     An  absurd 

antithesis  ;  as  if  a  poor  man  were  not  as  likely  as  a  rich 

man,  to  be  acri  ingenio  praeditus. 
1.  7.  qui  ubi :  when  he.  —  cognovit :  see  note  on  72,  1.  9. 


134  NOTES. 

83.  1.  10.  lavantis  :  gen.  of  the  present  participle,  of  one  washing. 

84.  1.  6.  cado  =  in  cado. 

I.  14.  humi:  cf.  domi,  69,  1.  6. 

II.  14  and  15.  ille  .  .  .  hie :  the  former  .  .  .  the  latter. 

85.  1.  i.  idem:  cf.  83,  1.  i,  and  note. 

1.  7.  dicentis :  see  note  on  lavantis,  83,  1.  10. 

86.  1.  5.  oblitus :  from  obliviscor. 
1.  8.  alterum :  one. 

1.  10.  Imum  cothurnum  :  the  bottom  of  his  shoe. 

1.  10.  baud  ita  multo  post :  not  very  long  afterwards. 

1.  13.  priore  maiorem:  see  note  on  47,  1.  9. 

87.  11.  6  and  7.  altera  .  .  .  altera :  one  .  .  .  another. 
1.  6.  utraque  manu  :  with  both  hands. 

88.  1.  2.  in  summum  discrimen  adducta  est :  cf.  81,  1.  4,  and  note. 
1.  4.  more  suo :  cf.  63,  1.  n,  and  note. 

1.  6.  una  cum :  along  with. 

1.9.  hlC :  at  this  point. 

1.  n.  vobis  stultius  :  more  foolish  than  you. 

1.  14.  nihili:  of  no  account ;  cf.  79,  11.  i  and  13. 

89.  1.  i.  caesum :  supine,  to  cut. 

1.  12.  quod  .  .  .  raptum  :  which  had  been  snatched  from  travellers 
and  hidden  by  the  robbers  in  that  place.  Literally,  which 
snatched  from  travellers  the  robbers,  etc. 

1.  1 3.  quam  maximo  pondere  :  with  the  greatest  possible  weight. 

90.  1.  9.  nee  .  .  .  poterat :  and  because  he  could  not. 

91.  1.  i .  callidissimum :  callidissimum  hominem. 

1.  2.  rei  exquirendae  causa  :  for  the  purpose  of  investigating  the 
matter.  Notice  that  causa,  for  the  sake,  or  purpose  of, 
comes  after  the  genitive  depending  upon  it.  Cf.  37,  1.  3. 

1.  7.  quaerenti:  present  participle  agreeing  with  ei,  meaning  the 
robber,  understood. 

92.  1.  5.  singula  binds :  in  the  rest,  one  by  one,  he  hid  robbers  two  by 

two  ;  in  each  of  the  rest  he  hid  two  robbers. 
1.  1 2.  latronibus  :  depends  on  iniecit. 
1.  13.  ad  unum  :  to  a  man.     Cf.  39,  1.  6. 
94.   1.  4.  attonitus :  though  astonished. 

1.  6.  descend!  non  potest :  one  cannot  descend. 
1.  8.  ab  ima  valle :  cf.  86, 1.  10. 


NOTES.  135 

95.  1.  3.  pulsus :  from  pello. 

96.  1.  i.  baud  ita  multo  post :  see  86,  1.  10,  and  note. 
1.  n.  huic,  etc. :  take  the  words  just  as  they  stand. 

97.  1.  4.  quern  .  .  .  miseruit :    whom   it  pitied ;   who  had  com- 

passion on  the  weak  old  man. 
1.  5.  facturus  :  ready  to  do. 
1.  5.  simul  =  simul  atque. 

98.  1.  5.  ascendi  non  potest:   one  cannot  climb.      Compare  94, 

1.  6,  and  note. 

99.  1.  6.  maximi:  see  79,  1.  i,  and  note. 

1.  9.  bibendi  causa :  see  91,  2,  and  note., 

100.  1.  6.  alveo  =  in  alveo. 

1.  6.  fluminis  modo  :  like  a  river. 

1.  12.  sub  imum  montem:  at  the  base  of  the  mountain.     Cf. 
40,  1.  i,  and  note. 

101.  1.  3.  dum  .  .  .  dormit :  cf.  31,  1.  2,  and  note. 

1.  1 1 .  reliquum  vitae  spatium :  cf.  42,  1.  6,  and  note. 

102.  1.  6.  arando  :  ablative  of  the  gerund  ;  in  ploughing. 

1.  6.  gramine  vescor  tenui :   for  the  order,  compare  4,  1.  2, 

argentum  celat  multum.     Also  5, 1.  i,  and  note. 
1.  10.  usus  :  by  following ;  from  utor. 
1.  12.  edere:  not  the  same  verb  as  edis,  1.  10. 

103.  1.  3.  quern  .  .  .  poenitebat :  who  now  repented. 
1.  12.  ausus:  from  audeo. 

1.  12.  ipse:  cf.  42,  1.  9,  and  note. 

104.  1.  5.  morandi  eum  taedebat :  it  tired  him  of 'delaying ;  he  grew 

tired  of  waiting. 
1.8.  imum    flumen :    cf.  imum    montem,    100,   1.    12,  and 

note. 
1.  12.  querenti:  dative  of  the  present  participle  in  agreement 

with  Boeoto,  which  depends  on  respondit. 
1.  12.  te:    subjective-accusative   of  irasci;    it   by   no   means 

becomes  you  to  be  angry. 

105.  1.  4.  ex  ...  ancillis :  cf.  43,  1.  2,  and  note.     Take  the  words 

in  this  order :  fidelissimam  ex  omnibus  ancillis  quam 

regina  habebat. 
1.  5.  Hi :  i.e.  servus  et  ancilla. 
1.  6.  brevi :  brevi  tempore. 


136  NOTES. 

105.  1.  6.  ut  .  .  .  impetrarent :    explanatory    of    hoc    consilium. 

They  formed  this  design,  that  they  would  get,  etc. 
1.  9.  mea :  agrees  with  uxor. 
1.  10.  quern  .  .  .  miseruit :  cf.  104,  1.  5,  and  note. 
1.  13.  Quae:  regina. 

106.  1.  2.  consolaturus :    the  future  participle  here  expresses  pur- 

pose, to  sympathize  with  her. 
1.  2.  versa :  from  vertor. 
1.  2.  gratias  ...  ago:  cf.  103,  11.  9  and  10. 
1.  5.  Quod  ubi :  begin  with  ubi  in  translating.     Quod  is  the 

object  of  credere. 

107.  1.  2.  summo  fovebat  amdre:  for  the  order  compare  5,  1.  i, 

and  note. 

1.  4.  Quod  ubi :  cf.  106,  1.  5,  and  note. 
1.  6.  ille:  i.e.  Boeotus. 

1.  8.  quod  exemplum  ...  id :  id  exemplum  quod  tu,  etc. 
1.  12.    ita  ut :  jitst  as. 

108.  1.  i.  ingenio  bemgno :    descriptive  ablative;   render  as  if  it 

were  a  genitive. 

1.  6.  magnam  .  .  .  partem :  cf.  42,  1.  6,  and  note. 
1.  6.  paulo  longius :  a  little  farther. 
1.  12.  quam  celerrime  :  cf.  83,  1.  8,  and  note. 

109.  1.  2.  in  nautam  .  .  .  incidit :  cf.  107, 1.  3. 

1.  8.  puerumque  .  .  .  parant:  and,  seizing  the  boy,  they  make 
ready  to  rob  him  of  his  clothing.    Cf.  89,  1.  12,  and  note. 
1.  12.  clamantis:  of  one  shouting.     Cf.  83,  1.  10,  and  note. 
1.  1 6.  certiores  fact! :  informed. 

110.  1.  n.  modo:  only. 

111.  1.  i.  Quod  ubi:  cf.  106,  1.  5,  and  note. 

1.  3.  conloquendi  causa :  cf.  37,  1.  3,  and  note. 

1.  5.  modo:  cf.  110,  1.  n. 

1.  7.  Brevi :  cf.  105,  1.  6. 

1.  8.  adventum  eius  :  her  coming. 

112.  1.  i.  Hanc:  the  latter,  subject-accusative  of  facere. 
1.  2.  quodcumque :  whatsoever. 

1.  9.  convenisset :  had  been  agreed  upon. 
\.  9.  ex  agnis  alterum :  unum  agnorum.     Cf.  43,  1.  2,  and 
note. 


NOTES.  137 

112.  1.  ii.  brevi:  cf.  Ill,  1.  7. 

1.  ii.  ne  hdc  quidem  :  not  even  with  this. 

113.  1.  i.  questus:  from  queror. 

1.  5.  cuiusdam :  from  quidam. 
1.  6.  carnis  :  from  card. 

114.  1.  8.  abstulerunt :  from  auferd. 
1.  12.  quaesivit:  from  quaero. 
1.  13.  cum:  though. 

115.  1.  3.  qui  .  .  .  consulerent :  to  consult ;  a  relative  clause  express- 

ing purpose. 

1.  4.  quam  .  .  .  venisset :  an  indirect  question  (§  46),  like 
quae  causa  esset,  114,  1.  12.  Translate  such  sub- 
junctives as  if  they  were  indicatives. 

1.  13.  alterum  :  cf.  86,  1.  8,  and  note. 

1.  13.  transeundo '  notice  the  form  of  the  gerund  in  -undo, 
instead  of  in  -endo. 

1.  14.  nescio  quo  =  aliqu5.  Cf.  114,  ad  fin.  nescio  quam  = 
aliquam. 

116.  1.  2.  altero  pede :  cf.  alterum,  115,  ad  fin. 

1.  2.  quern  cum :  begin  with  cum  and  render  quern  Aim,  as 

object  of  vidisset,  §  36. 
1.4.  demonstravisset :  a  clause  dependent  upon  an  accusative 

and  infinitive  generally  has  the  verb  in  the  subjunctive. 

Render  the  subjunctive  as  if  it  were  indicative. 
1.  7.  illud  :  that  famous. 
1.  9.  Ut  .  .  .  potiretur:  of  getting  this  fleece. 
1.  9.  cum :  since.    §  47. 
1.  10.  sperabat :  the  subject  is  Pelias.     To  whom  does  eum 

refer? 
1 1 .  quid  .  .  .  vellet :  cf .  note  on  115, 1.  4. 


117. 


118. 


3.  qui  .  .  .  docerent :  cf.  115,  1.  3,  qui  .  .  .  consulerent,  and 

note. 

4.  postquam  .  .  .  iussit :  cf.  72,  1.  9,  and  note. 

12.  quam  quibus  :  than  those  -which. 

13.  tota:  agrees  with  navis.     Translate  wholly. 
4.  Tradunt  =  dicunt. 

7.  quos  :  has  its  antecedent,  eos,  following,  whom  he  thought 
.  .  .  those  he  chose  ;  chose  those  whom  he  thought. 


138  NOTES. 

118.  1.  7.  ad  ...  pericula  :  for  facing  all  dangers.     The  participle 

in  -dus  is  often  used  thus  in  agreement  with  a  noun, 
when  we  might  expect 'the  gerund  with  its  object  in 
the  accusative. 

119.  1.  3.  attigerunt :  from  attingo. 
1.  9.  cum  :  since.     §  47. 

1.  12.  pugnatum  est :  it  was  fought ;  they  fought. 
1.  1 5.  abiecerunt :  from  abicio. 

120.  1.  6.  iam  deficere  :  was  now  beginning  to  fail. 

1.  8.  puer  forma  praestantissima.     Cf.  108,  1.  i,  and  note. 
1.  12.  negaret  facturum :  denied  himself  to  be  going  to  do  this  ; 
in  English,  declared  that  he  would  not  do  this  ;  refused 
to  do  it. 

13.  abstulerunt :  see  114,  1.  8,  and  note. 
17.  lasonem:  subject-accusative  of  solvisse  (navem). 

121.  .  2.  appulerant :  from  appello. 

3.  quaesissent :  from  quaero. 

4.  quis  .  .  .  obtineret :  see  note  on  115,  1.  4. 

6.  adfici :  present  infin.  passive  of  adficio. 

7.  in :  towards. 

7.  Cuius  supplici,  etc.  :  of  the  punishment  of  whom  this  was 

the  kind ;   in  English,  whose  p^^n^shment  was  of  this 

kind. 

1.  9.  specie  horribili :  see  note  on  120,  1.  8. 
1.  13.  Quae  .  .  .  essent :  this  being  the  case.     What  literally? 
1.  13.  baud  .  .  .  moreretur :  not  much  was  it  distant  but  that 

Phineus  should  die  of  hunger ;  in  English,  Phineus  was 

within  a  little  of  dying  of  hunger. 

122.  1.  3.  gavisus  est :  from  gaudeo. 

1.  4.  quantam  .  .  .  haberent :  see  115,  1.  4,  and  note. 
1.  6.  qui  .  .  .  vocaret :  see  115,  1.  3,  and  note. 
1.  9.  si  ...  reperissent :  if  they  should  find,  not  had  found. 
1.  n.  simul  ac=  simul  atque,  1.  2. 

1.  1 6.  Quod  cum :  translate  cum  first  and  quod  as  the  object 
of  sensissent.     See  Rule  12,  p.  68. 

123.  1.  4.  ingenti  magnitudine :  cf.  108,  1.  i,  and  note. 
1.  4.  eo  consilio  :  explained  by  the  following  words. 
1.  5.  ne  quis  :  that  no  one.   §  40. 


NOTES.  139 

123.   1.  8.  doctus  est :  i.e.,  Jason. 

1.  9.  sublatis  ancoris  :  weighing  anchor.  Read  the  following 
note  on  the  Ablative  Absolute  : 

(1)  A  very  common  construction  in  Latin  is  that  of 

a  noun  and  a  participle  in  the  ablative,  to  ex- 
press the  time,  cause,  or  some  other  circum- 
stance of  an  action.  The  words  in  the  ablative 
are  cut  off  grammatically  from  the  rest  of  the 
sentence,  and  hence  this  construction  is  called 
the  ablative  absolute. 

Consul,  pace  facta,  revertit :   the  consul, 
peace  having  been  made,  returned. 

(2)  It  is  seldom  best  to  render  the  ablative  absolute 

literally.  Thus  instead  of  the  above,  we  may 
render 

1.  The  consul,  after  making  peace,  returned. 

2.  The  consul,  when  peace  had  been  made, 

returned. 

3.  The  consul,  because  peace  had  been  made, 

returned. 

4.  The  consttl  made  peace  and  returned. 

(3)  Sometimes  instead  of  a  noun  and  a  participle  in 

the  ablative  we  have 

1.  Two  nouns. 

2.  A  pronoun  and  a  participle. 

3.  A  noun  and  an  adjective. 

1.  14.  antequam  .  .  .  concurrerent :  the  imperfect  and  pluper- 
fect tenses  are  usually  in  the  subjunctive  after  ante- 
quam and  priusquam,  but  the  subj  unctive  is  generally 
to  be  rendered  as  if  it  were  indicative. 


124. 


125. 


4.  contulerunt :  from  confero. 

7.  negabat  .  .  .  esse:  cf.  120,  1.  12,  and  note. 

9.  traditurum :  esse  omitted,  as  often  with  forms  made  up 

of  a  participle  and  esse. 

10.  si  ...  perfecisset:  see  122,  1.  9,  and  note. 
12.  iungendi  erant :  were  to  be  yoked. 

4.  eo  consilio :  see  123,  1.  4,  and  note. 

4.  Quae  cum  essent :  see  121,  1.  13,  and  note. 


140  NOTES. 

125.  1.  9.  quod  :  of  such  a  kind  as  to. 

1.  1 1 .  confi  ciendi  essent :  were  to  be  accomplished.  Cf .  124- 
1.  12,  and  note. 

126.  1.  2.  orta :  from  orior. 

1.  3.  repperit :  from  reperio. 
1.  14.  msiti:  from  msero. 

127.  1.  7.  rem  evenisse :  depends  on  cognovit. 
1.  7.  ita  .  .  .  ut:  just  as. 

1.  13.  cum:  since.   §  47. 

128.  1.  5.  Si  ...  mansisset :  if  she  should  remain,  not  had  remained 

See  122,  1.  9,  and  note. 
1.  15.  quam  primum :  as  quickly  as  possible. 
1.  1 5.  avecturum  :  supply  esse.     See  124,  1.  9,  and  note. 

129.  1.  i.  orta  luce:  see  126,  1.  2. 
1.  2.  nacti :  from  nanciscor. 

1.  5.  qui  .  .  .  essent:  see  122,  1.  6,  and  note. 

1.  5.  praesidid  navi :  for  a  protection  to  the  ship,  the   first  a 

dative  of  purpose,  the  second  a  dative  of  the  object. 
1.  1 8.  rettulit:  from  refero. 

130.  1.  6.  Quae  .  .  .  essent :  see  125,  1.  4,  and  121, 1.  13,  and  note. 
1.  6.  maturandum  sibi :  they  must  hasten. 

\.  13.  sublato:  from  tollo. 

1.  14.  rettulerunt:  from  refero. 

131.  1.  4.  inimico  .  .   .  animd :  had  been  hostile  to  them.     What 

literally  ? 

1.  7.  hoc  dolore :  with  anger  on  this  account. 

1.  7.  exarsit :  from  exardesc5. 

1.  13.  minimum  .  .  .  caperentur:  it  was  a  very  little  way  off 
but  that  they  should  be  captured  by  the  Colchi  following ; 
in  English,  they  were  within  a  little  of  being  captured  by 
the  pursuing  Colchians.  Cf.  121,  1.  14,  and  note. 

1.  14.  neque  .  .  .  posset:  for  it  was  not  longer  between  than 
whither  a  javelin  coidd  be  thrown  ;  in  English,  for  the 
interval  was  not  greater  than  a  javelin-cast. 

1.  1 6.  loco:  state,  not  place. 

132.  1.  7.  fefellit:  from  fallo. 

1.  9.  ad  ea  colligenda  :  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  these. 
1.  ii.  quod  .  .  .  fuit :  which  was  necessary  =  naturally. 


NOTES.  141 

132,   1.  12.  prius  .  .  .  quam:   until.     When  prius  and  quam  are 

separated  thus,  translate  the  two  parts  with  the  last 
verb. 

1.  14.  si  ...  progressus  esset :  see,  once  more,  128,  1.  5,  and 
note  ;  also,  122,  1.  9. 


133. 


134. 
135. 


136. 
137. 


1 1 .  liceat  .  .  .  mihi :  let  me. 

14.  rogasset  =  rogavisset. 

i .  aegre  tulit :  was  disappointed. 
4.  ipsae :  vos  ipsae. 
10.  aliter  .  .  .  ac:  other-wise  than. 
8.  ulturam  :  from  ulciscor. 

1 5.  steterat :  from  sto. 


138.  .  i .  obsessam :  from  obsideo. 

.  9.  quern:  subject-accusative  of  excogitasse. 

139.  .  3.  aliae  .  .  .  disicerentur  :  -were  scattered,  some  in  one  direc- 

tion, others  in  another. 

1.  6.  appulsa  :  from  appello. 

1.  7.  qui  .  .  .  referrent :  a  relative  clause  expressing  purpose. 
Find  previous  examples  of  this  construction. 

1.  8.  et:  connects  referrent  and  cognoscerent. 

1.  10.  quibusdam  .  .  .  fact! :  having  met  certain  of  the  inhab- 
itants. 

1.  13.  Quern  cum:  begin  with  cum. 

1.  14.  gustassent :  for  gustavissent.  Cf.  rogasset,  133, 
1.  14. 

1.  14.  obliti :  from  obliviscor. 

1.  15.  mansuros  :  supply  esse. 

140.  1.  i.  exspectasset :  for  exspectavisset. 
1.  5.  afuit :  from  absum. 

1.  10.  abituros  :  from  abed ;   supply  esse  and  compare  124, 

1.  9,  and  note. 
1.  10.  re  mfecta  :  without  accomplishing  their  object. 

141.  1.  2.  appulerunt :  see  139,  1.  6,  and  note. 
1.  8.  facturos  :  cf.  124,  1.  9,  and  note. 

142.  1.  1 8.  sibi :  dative  of  the  agent  with  praecavendum  esse.    Cf. 

130,  1.  6. 
1.  22.  divolsis :  from  divello. 

143.  1.  5.  Quod:  rule  12,  p.  68. 


142  NOTES, 

143.  1.  7.  non  omittendam :  ought  not  to  be  lost. 
.7.  in  CO  erat  ut :  was  on  the  point  of. 
.  8.  cum :  since. 

11.  nihil  sibi  profuturum  (esse)  :  that  it  would  be  of  no  use 

to  them. 

12.  si  ...  interfecisset :  if  he  should  kill ;  not  had  killed. 

1 6.  loco  :  state,  not  place.     Cf.  131,  1.  16. 

17.  oblata:  from  off erd. 
21.  adlaturi:  from  adferS. 


144. 


145. 


146. 


.  2.  quod:  as. 

.  6.  evasuros :  see  124,  1.  9,  and  note. 

.  14.  reposita:  from  repono. 

.  i .  eodem  modo  quo  :  in  the  same  -way  as. 

.  4.  attulerat :  from  adfero. 

.  9.  quaesivisset :  from  quaero. 

.15.  quam  petiimus  facultatem:   facultatem  quam  petii- 

mus. 
i.  extremum  palum :  extremam  partem  pall. 


4.  quod  necesse  fuit :  necessarily ;  literally,  a  thing  -which 
•was  necessary.     The  reference  is  to  what  follows.     Cf. 
132,1.  ii. 
1.  5.  sustulit :  from  tollo. 

147.  1.  10.  conexis:  from  conecto. 

1.  12.  oves :   object  of  egit,  and  hominem  object  of  feren- 
tes. 

148.  1.  3.  navi  praesidio :  see  129,  1.  5,  and  note. 
1.  6.  in  horas :  hottrly. 

1.  7.  id  quod  erat :  as  was  really  true. 

1.  18.  minimum  afuit  quin :  cf.  121,  1.  14,  and  note. 

149.  1.  4.  Hie :  explained  by  vasto  .  .  .  antro  =  in  vasto  antro. 
1.  n.  sibi  .  .  .  proficiscendum :  cf.  130,  1.  6,  and  note. 

1.  17.  relatis:  from  refero. 

150.  1.  10.  Velut  agmine  facto  :  as  if  with  battle  line  formed. 

1.  ii.  Qua,  etc.  :   where  the  gate  was  opened  rush  forth  and 

blow  over  the  earth  in  a  whirlwind. 
1.  17.  proiecissent :  from  pro icio. 

151.  1.  5.  quod  .  .  .  haberent :  depends  on  frumentum  .  ,  .  deficere, 
1.  12.  alter! :  the  one ;  depends  on  praeesset. 


NOTES.  143 

152.  1.  4.  morti  Obviam  irent :  they  were  going  to  their  death.     Cf. 

139,  1.  n. 

153.  .  2.  tetigit :  from  tango. 

13.  si  quid  gravius :  if  any  misfortune;  literally,  anything 

heavier. 

1 6.  ei  licere  :  that  he  might. 
1 8.  in  viam  se  dedit :  set  out. 

154.  .  4.  in  eo  esset  ut :  was  on  the  point  of. 

10.  vis :  from  void. 

15.  tetigeret :  see  153,  1.  2,  and  note. 

155.  .  3.  atque :  as. 

10.  aliter  .  .  .  atque:  other-wise  than. 
13.  quidquam:  anything  at  all. 

156.  .  4.  nisi  .  .  .  esset:  unless  she  should  do  this ;  if  she  did  not 

do  this. 

.  7.  quae  :  refers  to  omnia. 

10.  de  rebus  suis :  about  what  had  happened  to  them. 
1 5.  qui  .  .  .  diceret :  to  report. 

157.  1.  6.  ei  persuasum  sit:   he  was  persuaded ;   literally,  it  was 

persuaded  to  him. 

1.  13.  usui :  useful ;  literally,  for  use. 
\.  1 8.  maturandum  sibi :  see  130,  1.  6,  and  note. 
1.  20.  Ulixi  subeunda  erant :  had  to  be  braved  by  Ulysses^ 
1.  21.  quae  :  object  of  perscribere. 
1,  22.  longum  est :  would  be  tedious. 


VOCABULARY. 


a,  ab,  prep,  by,  from. 

abdd,  3,  -didi,  -ditus,  hide,  con- 
ceal. 

abduco,  3,  -duxl,  -ductus,  lead 
away,  take  away,  carry  off. 

abeo,  -Ire,  -Ivi  or  -il,  -itus,  go 
away,  depart. 

abicio,  3,  -iecl,  -iectus,  throw 
or  put  down,  lay  aside. 

abnuo,  3,  -ul,  -uiturus,  refuse, 
reject. 

absorbeo,  2,  -bui,  -ptus,  swal- 
low, devour. 

abstinentia,  -ae,  f.  abstinence. 

abstineo,  2,  -ul,  -tentus,  keep 
from,  abstain. 

abstraho,  3,  -xl,  -ctus,  drag 
away,  withdraw. 

absum,  -esse,  afui,  afuturus,  be 
away,  be  absent,  be  distant ; 
baud  inultura  (or  minimum) 
abesse  quin,  come  very  near. 

absumo,  3,  -mpsl,  -mptus,  take 
away,  carry  off,  consume. 

Absyrtus,  -I,  m.  Absyrtus,  broth- 
er of  Medea. 

Abulus,  -I,  m.  Abulus. 

abundo,  1,  abound,  overflow. 

ac,  conj.  and ;  with  aliter,  than ; 
simul  ac,  as  soon  as. 

Acastus,  -1,  m.  Acastus,  son  of 
Pelias,  king  of  Colchi. 

accedd,  3,  -cessl,  -cessurus,  ap- 
proach, draw  near. 

accendo,  3,  -di,  -ensus,  set  on 
fire,  light,  inflame. 


accido,  3,  -cidi,  — ,  (cado),/aM 

to ;  befall,  happen,  come  to 

pass. 
accipio,  3,  -cepl,  -ceptus,  receive ; 

welcome,  suffer,  sustain. 
accipiter,  -tris,  m.  falcon,  hawk. 
accumbo,  3,  -bui,  -bitum,  lay 

one's  self  down,    recline  at 

table. 
accurate,  adv.  exactly, precisely, 

particularly. 
accuratus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  exact, 

precise. 

accuse,  1,  accuse,  charge. 
acer,  -oris,  -ere,  adj.  sharp,  keen, 

bitter,  fiery. 

acerbus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  bitter,  un- 
ripe. 

acervus,  -1,  m.  heap,  pile. 
acriter,  adv.  sharply,  eagerly, 

fiercely. 

acuo,  3,  -ul,  -utus,  sharpen. 
acus,  -us,  f.  needle. 
acutus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  sharp,  in- 
telligent. 
ad,   prep,  to,  at,  for,  toward, 

near,  up  to,  until. 
adamo,  1,  love  greatly,  fall  in 

love  with. 
addo,     3,    -didl,    -ditus,    add, 

join. 
addiicd,  3,  -xl,  -uctus,  bring  to, 

lead,  prompt,  conduct,  induce. 
adeo,  -Ire,  -il  or  -Ivl,  -itus,  go  to, 

approach. 
adfero,  -ferre,  -tuli,  -latus,  bear 

to ;   bear,  bring,  give,  bring 

upon,  cause  to. 


146 


VOCABULARY. 


adficid,  3,  -feel,  -fectus,  affect, 
influence,  afflict,  oppress. 

adfigo,  3,  -xl,  -xus,  fasten,  at- 
tach, nail  to. 

adflicto,  1,  vex,  torment,  toss. 

adfligo,  3,  -xi,  -ctus,  dash 
against,  destroy,  shatter. 

adhaereo,  2,  -haesi,  -haesus, 
stick,  cling  to. 

adhibeo,  2,  -ui,  -itus,  apply  to, 
use,  employ. 

adhuc,  adv.  hitherto,  still,  till 
then. 

adiaceo,  2,  -ui,  — ,   adjoin. 

adicio,  3,  -ieci,  4ectus,  throw 
to,  throw,  cast. 

adimo,  3,-emi,-ernptus,  take  to 
one's  self;  take  away,  deprive. 

adiungo,  3,  -unxl,  -unctus,  join 
to,  attach. 

adiutor,  -oris,  m.  helper. 

adlicio,  3,  -lexl,  -lectus,  entice, 
allure,  win  over. 

adligo,  1,  bind,  fasten. 

adloquor,  3,  -locutus,  address, 
exhort. 

Admetus,  -1,  m.  Admetus. 

admitto,  3,  -misl,  -missus,  ad- 
mit, commit. 

admoneo,  2,  -ui,  -itus,  warn, 
advise. 

admoveo,  2,  -movl,-motus,  bring 
up,  apply,  offer. 

adorior,  4,  -ortus,  rise  against, 
attack. 

adripio,  3,  -ripul,  -reptus,  snatch, 
grasp,  seize. 

adscribo.     See  ascribe. 

adsentator,  -oris,  m.  flatterer, 
fawner. 

adsiduus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  contin- 
ual, unceasing,  constant. 

adsum,  -esse,  -ful,  be  present, 
come. 

adulescens, -entis,  adj.  growing; 
as  noun,  m.  youth,  young  man. 

adulescentia,  -ae,  f .  youth. 


adultus,  -a,  -um,  part,  grown  up. 

aduro,  3,  -ussi,  -ustus,  scorch, 
singe,  burn. 

adveho,  3,  -vex!,  -vectus,  carry, 
convey;  pass.  ride. 

ad  vena,  -ae,  m.  and  f.  stranger. 

advenio,  4,  -vein,  -ventus,  ar- 
rive at,  come  to. 

adventus,  -us,  m.  arrival,  ap- 
proach. 

adversarius,  -I,  m.  adversary, 
opponent. 

ad  versus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  contrary, 
adverse,  against. 

adversus,  prep,  towards,  against. 

advoco,  1,  summon,  invite,  call. 

aedes,  -ium,  f.  pi.  house,  dwell- 
ing, palace. 

aedificium,  -i,  n.  building,  house. 

aedifico,  1,  build,  erect,  con- 
struct. 

Aeetes,  -ae,  m.  a  mythical  king 
of  Colchis. 

aeger,  -gra,  -grum,  adj.  sick,  ill. 

aegre,  adv.  badly;  aegre  ferre, 
to  be  annoyed,  be  angry. 

Aegyptus,  -1,  f.  Egypt. 

aeneiis,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of  copper, 
bronze. 

Aeolia,  -ae,  f.  an  island  near 
Sicily. 

Aeolus,  -I,  m.  king  of  the  winds. 

aequo,  1,  equal,  rival. 

aequus,  -qua,  -quum,  adj.  equal, 
even,  level,  fair. 

aer,  aeris,  m.  air,  sky. 

aeratus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  brazen, 
bronze. 

aerius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  aerial,  lofty, 
high. 

Aeson,  -onis,  m.  Aeson. 

aestas,  -atis,  f.  summer. 

aestimo,  1,  think,  judge,  value. 

aestus,  -us,  m.  tide. 

aetas,  -atis,  f.  age,  years.    ' 

aeternus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of  an  age; 
in  aeternum,  forever. 


VOCABULARY. 


147 


Aetna,  -ae,  f.  Mount  Aetna  in 

_  Sicily. 

Afer,  -fra,  -frum,  adj.  African. 

Africa,  -ae,  f.  Africa. 

age,  come.     See  ago. 

ager,  -grl,  m.  field,  plain,  land, 
country. 

aggredior,  3,  -gressus,  go  to, 
fall  upon,  assail,  attack. 

agito,  1,  drive,  toss,  rouse. 

agmen,  -inis,  n.  army,  troop, 
line  of  march. 

agnosco,  3,  -novi,  -nitus,  recog- 
nize, make  out,  become  ac- 
quainted with. 

agnus,  -i,  m.  lamb. 

ago,  3,  egi,  actus,  do,  keep,  con- 
duct; act,  drive,  perform,  treat 
about;  gratias  ago,  I  thank; 
imp.  age  as  interj.  come. 

agricola,  -ae,  m.  farmer. 

ala,  -ae,  f.  wing. 

alacer,  -cris,  -ere,  adj.  brisk, 
active,  quick. 

Albertus,  -I,  m.  Albert. 

albus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  white. 

alea,  -ae,  f.  dice. 

ales,  -itis,  adj.  winged;  as  noun, 
m.  and  f .  bird. 

aliquando,  adv.  now  and  then, 
sometimes,  once  upon  a  time, 
once. 

aliquantum,  -I,  n.  some,  a  little, 
w.  partit.  gen. 

aliqui,  -qua,  -quod,  indef.  pron. 
adj.  any,  some. 

aliquis,  -qua,  -quid,  pron.  indef. 
somebody,  any  one. 

aliquot,  adj.,  indecl.  several, 
some,  a  few. 

aliter,  adv.  otherwise;  aliter  ac, 
otherwise  than,  in  a  different 
way  from. 

alms,  -a,  -ud,  adj.  other,  another, 
different,  besides;  aliae  alias 
in  partes,  some  in  one  direc- 
tion, others  in  another. 


almus,  -a,  -uin,  adj.  pleasant. 

alo,  3,  aim,  altus,  nourish, 
maintain,  keep  up. 

alter,  -tera,  -terum,  adj.  one  of 
two,  the  other,  the  second. 

altum,  -I,  n.  the  sea. 

altus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  high,  deep. 

Aluredus,  -1,  m.  Alfred. 

alveus,  -1,  m.  river-bed. 

ambiguus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  doubt- 
ful ;  in  ambiguo,  wrapped  in 
mystery. 

ambo,  -ae,  -o,  pron.  both. 

ambulo,  1,  walk  about,  walk. 

amentia,  -ae,  f.  madness. 

amicus,  -1,  m.  friend. 

amitto,  3,  -misi,  -missus,  send 
off;  let  slip,  lose. 

amnis,  -is,  m.  river. 

amo,  1,  love,  like. 

amor,  -oris,  m.  love,  charity. 

amoved,  2,  -movi,  -motus,  re- 
move, withdraw,  take  away. 

amphora,  -ae,  f.  jar. 

amplector,  3,  -exus,  embrace, 
caress. 

amplexus,    -us,    m.    embrace. 

anas,  -atis,  f.  duck. 

anaticula,  -ae,  f.  duckling. 

ancilla,  -ae,  f.  maidservant. 

ancora,  -ae,  f.  anchor. 

anguis,  -is,  m.  and  f.  snake. 

angustus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  nar- 
row. 

animadverts,  3,  -ti,  -sus,  direct 
the  mind;  observe,  notice, per- 
ceive. 

animal,  -alis,  n.  animal,  crea- 
ture. 

animosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  full  of 
courage,  bold. 

animus,  -i,  m.  mind,  heart, 
spirit,  courage. 

annus,  -I,  m.  year. 

anser,  -eris,  m.  goose. 

ante,  prep,  before. 

antea,  adv.  before. 


148 


VOCABULARY. 


antecello,  3,  — ,  — ,  excel,  sur- 
pass, be  superior  to. 

antequam,  conj.  before  that, 
before. 

antiquus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  old,  an- 
cient. 

antrum,  -I,  n.  cave. 

anus,  -us,  f.  old  woman. 

anxietas,  -atis,  f.  solicitude, 
anxiety. 

anxius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  choked; 
troubled,  solicitous,  anxious. 

aper,  -prl,  m.  wild  boar. 

aperio,  4,  -erul,  -ertus,  uncover, 
open,  show. 

apertus,  -a,  -um,  part.  open. 

Apicius,  -I,  m.  Apicius. 

Apollo,  -inis,  m.  Apollo. 

appareo,  2,  -m,  -iturus,  appear, 
show  one's  self. 

appello,  1,  call,  name,  address. 

appello,  3,  -pull,  -pulsus,  dash 
against,  come  to  land,  put  in, 
land  (w.  navem). 

appeto,  3,  -ivi,  -il,  -Itus,  seek 
for;  intr.  be  at  hand,  draw 
near,  approach. 

applico,  1,  -avl  or  -ui,  -atus, 
fasten,  join,  attach. 

appono,  3,  -posui,  -positus,  put 
on  the  table,  set  before,  serve 
to. 

apporto,  1,  carry,  bring  to,  bring 
along. 

appropmquo,  1,  draw  near, 
approach. 

aptd,  I,  fit,  adjust. 

aptus,  -a,  -um,  &dj.  fitted,  suit- 
able, ready. 

apud,  prep.  w.  ace.  at,  near,  in 
the  presence  of,  among. 

aqua,  -ae,  f.  water;  aquae, 
mineral  springs. 

aquila,  -ae,  f.  eagle. 

aratrum,  -1,  n.  plough. 

arbitrium,  -1,  n.  judgment,  de- 
cision. 


arbitror,    1,    believe,    consider, 

think. 

arbor,  -oris,  f .  tree. 
area,  -ae,  f.  chest,  strong-box. 
arceo,  2,  -cui,  — ,  keep  off,  hinder. 
arcesso,  3,  -ivi,  -Itus,  send  for, 

summon,  call. 
arcus,  -us,  m.  bow. 
ardeo,  2,  -rsi,  -rsus,  be  on  fire, 

burn,  blaze. 

ardor,  -oris,  in.  fire,  heat. 
arduus,   -a,    -um,    adj.    steep, 

difficult. 

arena,  -ae,  f.  sand,  arena. 
argenteus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  silver. 
argentum,  -I,  n.  silver. 
Argo,  -us,  f.  the  Argo  (Jason's 

ship). 

Argonautae,  -arum,  m.  Argo- 
nauts (the  Argo's  crew). 
Argus,  -i,  m.  builder  of  the  Argo. 
aries,  -etis,  m.  ram. 
arista,  -ae,  f .  ear  of  corn. 
arma,  -orum,  n.  arms,  weapons, 

armor. 
anno,  1,  furnish  with  arms; 

arm,  equip,  rouse  to  arms; 

armatus  as  adj.  armed. 
armentum,  -i,  n.  herd. 
aro,  1,  plough,  till. 
Arpi,  -orum,   m.   the  town  of 

Arpi. 

ars,  artis,  f.  art,  skill,  cunning. 
arte,  adv.  closely,  fast,  firmly. 
artus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  close,  fast, 

tight. 

arvum,  -I,  n.  field,  land. 
arx,  -cis,  f.  citadel,  stronghold. 
as,  assis,  m.  a  copper  coin,  a 

pound  in  weight. 
ascendo,  3,  -ndl,  -ensus,  climb 

up,  mount. 
ascisco,   3,   -ivi,   -Itus,    adopt, 

admit. 
ascribo,  3,  -psi,  -ptus,  write  in 

addition;   enroll,  add,  join, 

include. 


VOCABULARY. 


149 


asinus,  -I,  m.  donkey,  ass. 
asper,  -pera,  -perum,  adj.  rough, 

dangerous. 
aspicio,  3,  -exl,  -ectus,  look  on, 

behold,  espy,  see. 
asto,  1,  -iti,  — ,  stand  at,  take 

position  near. 
astrologus,   -1,    m.    astrologer, 

star-gazer. 
at,  conj.  but. 

Athenae,  -arum,  f.  Athens,  in 
.  Attica. 

Atheniensis,  -e,  adj.  Athenian. 
atque  or  ac,  conj.  and  also,  and, 

as,  than;  simul,  as  soon  as. 
atrium,  -I,  n.  hall,  chief  room. 
atrox,  -ocis,  adj.  fierce,  terrible, 

cruel. 
attineo,  2,  -ul,  — ;  attinet,  im- 

pers.  it  matters,  concerns. 
attingd,  3,  -tigi,  -tactus,  touch, 

reach,  arrive  at. 
attonitus,  -a,  -um,  adj,  thunder- 
struck, astonished. 
attrecto,  1,  touch,  handle. 
attuli.     See  adfero. 
auctor,  -oris,  m.  author,  cause. 
auctoritas,  -atis.   f.  authority, 

influence,  power.    ' 
audacia,  -ae,  f .  boldness,  daring, 

insolence. 
audax,  -acis,  adj.  bold,  daring, 

rash. 
audeo,  2,  ausus,  semi-dep.  dare, 

venture. 

audio,  4,  hear,  listen  to. 
aufero,  -ferre,  abstuli,  ablatus, 

bear    or    take  away,   snatch 

away,  remove. 
aufugio,  3,  -fugl,  — ,  flee  away, 

flee,  run. 

Augustus,  -I,  m.  Augustus. 
aura,  -ae,  f.  air. 
auratus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  gilt,  gilded. 
aureus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of  gold, 

golden. 
auris,  -is,  f.  ear. 


aurum,  -I,  n.  gold. 

australis,  -e,  adj.  southern. 

aut,  conj.  or,  either. 

autem,  conj.  but,  moreover,  how- 
ever. 

auxilior,  1,  give  help,  aid,  assist. 

auxilium,  -1,  n.  help,  aid,  assist- 
ance. 

avarus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  covetous, 


avello,  3,  -velll  or-vulsl,  -vulsus, 

pluck  away,  pull  off. 
aversor,  1,  turn  away,  shrink 

from,  avoid. 
averto,  3,  -tl,  -sus,  turn  aside 

or  away,  withdraw. 
avide,  adv.  greedily. 
avidus,   -a,   -um,  adj.  greedy, 

longing. 

avis,  -is,  f.  bird. 
avius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  pathless. 
avus,  -I,  m.  grandfather. 


Bacchus,  -I,  Bacchus  (god  of 
wine). 

baculum,  -1,  n.  stick,  staff, 
cane. 

Baiae,  -arum,  f.  Baiae. 

Balbus,  -1,  m.  Balbus. 

barba,  -ae,  f.  beard. 

barbarus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  barba- 
rous, foreign;  as  noun,  in. 
stranger,  foreigner. 

beatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  happy, 
fortunate. 

bellum,  -I,  n.  war,  contest. 

bene,  adv.  well. 

beneficium,  -I,  n.  kindness,  bene- 
fit, service. 

benevolentia,  -ae,  f.  goodwill, 
friendship,  favor. 

bemgne,  adv.  kindly,  with 
friendship. 

benignitas,  -atis,  f. friendliness, 
kindness,  courtesy. 


150 


VOCABULARY. 


bemgnus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  kind- 
hearted,  kindly,  good. 

bestia,  -ae,  f.  beast,  animal. 

bibo,  3,  bibi,  — ,  drink. 

bmi,  -ae,  -a,  adj.  two  at  a  time, 
two. 

Boeotus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  Boeotian. 

bonus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  good. 

bos,  bovis,  m.  and  f.  ox  or  cow. 

bracchium,  -T,  n.  arm. 

brevi,  adv.  in  a  short  time. 

brevis,  -e,  adj.  short,  small. 

Britannicus,-a,-um,  ^.British. 

Britannus,  -I,  in.  Briton. 

Brutusv  -1,  m.  Brutus. 

C. 

cadaver,  -eris,  n.  corpse. 
cado,  3,  cecidi,  casus,  fall. 
cadus,  -I,  m.  cask. 
caecus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  blind. 
caedes,  -is,  f .  murder,  bloodshed. 
caedo,  3,   cecidi,   caesus,   cut, 

beat,  kill. 

caelum,  -I,  n.  sky,  heavens. 
Cams,  -1,  m.  Cains. 
Calais,  only  nom.  an  Argonaut, 

son  of  the  North  wind. 
calamitas,  -atis,  f.  loss,  injury, 

disaster,  misfortune. 
calathus,  -1,  m.  basket. 
calcar,  -aris,  n.  spur. 
calceus,  -1,  m.  shoe. 
Calebus,  -1,  m.  Caleb. 
calefacio,  3,  -feel,  -factus,  make 

warm ;  heat,  make  hot. 
caligd,  -inis,  f.  mist,  darkness. 
callide,  adv.  cunningly,  shrewd- 
ly. 
callidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  cunning, 

clever,  crafty,  shrewd. 
Cambricus,  -I,  m.  Cambricus. 
candidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  white, 
cams,  -is,  m.  and  f.  dog. 
cano,  3,  cecinl,   cantus,   sing, 

play. 


canorus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  musical, 

melodius. 

canto,  1,  sing,  play.    ' 
cantus,  -us,  m.  singing,  song. 
Canutius,  -1,  m.  Canute. 
caper,  -prl,  m.  he-goat. 
capillus,  -i,  m.  hair. 
capio,  3,  cepl,  captus,  take,  seize, 

capture,  get,  receive. 
captivus,  -!,  m.  one  captured; 

captive,  prisoner. 
capto,  1,  catch,  catch  at. 
Capua,  -ae,  f.  Capua. 
caput,  -pitis,  n.  head;  damnare 

capitis,  to  condemn  to  death. 
career,  -eris,  m.   prison,  jail; 

plur.  starting-place,  barrier. 
cared,  2,  -ui,  -iturus,  be  in  want 

of,  be  without. 
carmen,  -inis,  n.  song,  charm, 

incantation. 
card,  carnis,  f.  flesh. 
Carolus,  -J,  m.  Charles. 
carpo,  3,  -psi,  -ptus,  pick,  pluck, 

gather,  enjoy. 
carus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  dear. 
casa,  -ae,  f.  hut,  cottage. 
caseus,  -I,  m.  cheese. 
castanea,  -ae,  f.  chestnut-tree, 

chestnut. 
Castor,  -oris,  m.  son  of  Tyndarus 

and  Leda,  and  twin-brother  of 

Pollux. 

castra,  -orum.  n.  camp. 
casu,  adv.  by  chance. 
casus,  -us,  m.  chance,  happen- 

ing,    emergency,   mischance, 

disaster. 

catena,  -ae,  f.  chain,  fetter. 
caterva,  -ae,  f.  crowd,  band  of 

men,  throng. 
Cato,  -onis,  m.  Cato. 
cauda,  -ae,  f.  tail. 
causa,  -ae,  f.  cause,  reason,  mo- 
tive, case;  abl.  as  adv.,  w.  gen. 

for  the  sake  of,  on  account  of. 
caute,  adv.  carefully. 


VOCABULARY. 


151 


caveo,  2,  cavl,  cautus,  beware 

of,  guard  against. 
cedo,  3,  cessi,  cessus,  go,  with- 
draw, yield. 

celebro,  1,  frequent,  celebrate. 
celer,   -eris,    -ere,    adj.    swift, 

speedy,  prompt. 
celeritas,    -atis,    f.    swiftness, 

speed. 
celeriter,  adv.  quickly,  in  haste, 

promptly. 

celerrime,  superl.  of  celeriter. 
celo,  1,  conceal,  hide,  keep  secret. 
cena,  -ae,  f .  principal  meal,  din- 
ner, supper. 

cenaculum,  -I,  n.  dining-room. 
Cennetus,  -i,  m.  Kenneth. 
ceno,  1,  sup,  dine,  take, dinner. 
censeo,  '2,  -ul,  -nsus,  be  of  the 

opinion,  think,  decide. 
Centaurus,    -i,    m.    Centaur  (a 

fabulous  creature,  half  man, 

half  horse). 
Ceres,  -eris,  f.  Ceres  (goddess  of 

agriculture). 
certamen,   -minis,  n.  struggle, 

battle. 

certe,  adv.  certainly,  surely. 
certiorem  facio,  inform  (make 

more  certain). 
certo,  1,  strive,  contend. 
certus,   -a,  -um,   adj.   certain, 

definite,  fixed,  sure. 
cervix,  -Icis,  f.  neck. 
cervus,  -I,  m.  stag. 
cesso,  1,  cease  from,  be  inactive, 

stop,  slacken. 
ceteri,  -ae,  -a,  adj.  the  others, 

the  rest. 

chorus,  -1,  m.dance,  crowd,  band. 
cibus,  -I,  m.  food. 
Cimbri,  -orum,   m.  the  Cimbri 

(a  people  of  North  Germany), 
cingo,  3,  -xl,  -nctus,  surround, 

encircle. 
Circaeus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of  Circe, 

Circe"1  s. 


Circe,  -ae  or  -es,  f.  an  enchant- 
ress, daughter  of  the  sun. 

circiter,  adv.  about,  not  far 
from. 

circum,  adv.  and  prep,  around, 
about. 

circumdd,  -dare,  -dedl,  -datus, 
set  round,  surround,  encircle. 

circumsto,  1,  -stetl,  — ,  stand 
round,  surround. 

citharoedus,  -I,  m.  harpist,  min- 
strel. 

civis.  -is,  m.  and  f.  citizen. 

clades,  -is,  f.  slaughter,  destruc- 
tion, defeat. 

clam,  adv.  secretly;  as  prep.  w. 
abl.  unknown  to. 

clamito,  1 ,  cry  aloud,  shout. 

clamo,  1,  shout,  cry  out. 

clamor,  -oris,  m.  shout,  cry, 
shriek. 

clangor,  -oris,  m.  noise,  sound, 
clang. 

clarus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  clear,  bright, 
famous,  distinguished. 

claudo,  3,  -si,  -sus,  shut,  close. 

claudus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  lame. 

claustra,  -orum,  n.  barrier,  dike. 

dementia,  -ae,  f.  kindness, 
mercy. 

cliens,  -entis,  m.  and  f.  depend- 
ent, patient. 

Clodius,  -i,  m.  Clodius. 

Cloelia,  -ae,  f.  Cloelia. 

(coepio),  3,  coepl,  coeptus,  be- 
gin, commence. 

coerceo,  2,  -ul,  -itus,  keep  back, 
check,  restrain. 

coetus,  -us,  m.  assemblage,  gath- 
ering, company. 

cogito,  1,  consider,  ponder, 
weigh,  reflect  upon. 

cognosco,  3,  -gnovl,  -gnitus, 
find  out,  recognize,  learn,  as- 
certain; pf.  know. 

cogo,  3,  coegl,  coactus,  gather, 
compel,  urge,  force. 


152 


VOCABULARY. 


cohibeo,  2,  -m,  -itus,  hold  fast, 
check,  hinder,  stay. 

cohortor,  1,  encourage. 

Colchi,  -orum,  m.  inhabitants 
of  Colchis,  Colchians. 

Colchis,  -idis,  f.  the  district  east  . 
of  the  Black  Sea. 

collum,  -I,  n.  neck. 

colo,  3,  -ui,  cultus,  cultivate, 
dwell  in,  inhabit. 

colonus,  -i,  m.  farmer. 

color,  -oris,  m.  color,  hue. 

columba,  -ae,  f.  pigeon,  dove. 

coma,  -ae,  f.  hair,  leaf. 

comes,  -itis,v  m.  and  f .  compan- 
ion, comrade,  attendant. 

comitas,  -atis,  f .  courtesy,  kind- 
ness. 

commeatus,  -us,  m.  provisions, 
supplies. 

commemoro,  1,  relate,  recount, 
tell. 

committo,  3,  -misi,  -missus,  in- 
trust, begin,  commit,  deliver. 

commoneo,  2,  -ui,  -itus,  remind, 
impress  upon. 

commoror,  1,  delay,  linger, 
wait. 

commoveo,  2,  -movl,  -motus, 
move  violently,  alarm,  pro- 
voke, induce,  lead. 

communico,  1,  share,  impart. 

comparS,  1,  make  ready,  pre- 
pare, provide,  plot. 

complector,  3,  -plexus,  fold  to- 
gether; embrace,  enfold. 

compleo,  2,  -evi,  -etus,fill. 

complures,  -a  or-ia,  adj.  several, 
many,  a  number. 

comporto,  1,  bring  together,  col- 
lect, gather. 

conatus,  -us,  m.  attempt,  under- 
taking, enterprise. 

concede,  3,  -cessl,  -cessus,  yield, 
grant,  give  up,  resign. 

concha,  -ae,  f.  shell. 

conchylium,  -I,  n.  oyster. 


concipio,  3,  -cepl,  -ceptus,  take 
up,  conceive,  devise. 

concordia,  -ae,  f.  harmony,  con- 
cord, agreement. 

concors,  -cordis,  adj.  united, 
harmonious. 

concurro,  3,  -curri  or  -cucurrl, 
-cursus,  run  together,  assem- 
ble, fight. 

condicio,  -onis,  f.  condition, 
terms. 

condo,  3,  -did!,  -ditus,  found, 
store  up,  lay  away. 

condono,  1,  devote,  consecrate. 

conecto,  3,  — ,  -nexus,  bind  to- 
gether; join,  tie. 

confero,  -ferre,  -tull,  -latus, 
bring  together;  gather,  collect, 
bestow,  confer;  w.  se,  betake 
one's  self,  go. 

conficio,  3,  -feel,  -fectus,  wear 
out,  overcome,  exhaust ;  ac- 
complish, do. 

confirmo,  1,  strengthen,  rein- 
force, steady ;  affirm,  assert. 

confligo,  3,  -flixl,  -flictus,  strike, 
dash  together,  contend,  fight. 

conicio,  3,  -iecl,  -iectus,  throw, 
hurl,  cast. 

conhmgo,  3,  -unxl,  -unctus,  join, 
unite,  connect. 

coniunx,  -iugis,  m.  and  f.  hus- 
band or  wife. 

conligo,  3,  -egl,  -ectus,  pick  up, 
collect ;  gather  together. 

conloco,  1,  establish,  put,  place. 

conloquor,  3,  -locutus,  converse, 
hold  a  conference,  confer, 
parley. 

conor,  1,  attempt,  try,  seek. 

conscendo,  3,  -dl,  -ensus,  climb 
up,  mount,  embark. 

consensus,  -us,  m.  agreement, 
consent. 

consequor,  3,  -cutus,  follow  up, 
overtake;  follow,  succeed. 

considero,  1,  inspect,  examine. 


VOCABULARY. 


153 


cSnsidS,  3,  -se"dl,  -sessus,  sit 
down,  station  one's  self. 

consilium,  -I,  n.  plan,  device, 
advice,  scheme,  wisdom,  will. 

consists,  3,  -stitl,  -stilus,  stand 
still,  halt,  stop. 

consoler,  1,  comfort,  cheer. 

conspectus,  -us,  m.  sight,  view. 

cSnspiciS,  3,  -spexl,  -spectus, 
see,  espy,  perceive. 

constans,  -antis,  adj.  firm,  stead- 
fast, faithful,  true. 

cSnstanter,  adv.firmly,  steadily, 
resolutely. 

c5nstantia,  -ae,  f.  firmness,  per- 
severance, faithfulness. 

cSnstituo,  3,  -ul,  -utus,  establish, 
determine,  fix,  decide,  resolve. 

constS,  1,  -stiti,  -staturus,  con- 
sist of;  constat,  it  is  agreed 
or  known. 

constringo,  3,  -nxi,  -ctus,  draw 
together,  fasten,  tie  up. 

consuescS,  3,  -suevi,  -suetus, 
accustom ;  usu.  pf .  system,  be 
accustomed,  be  wont. 

consuetude,  -inis,  f.  custom, 
habit. 

consul,  -is,  m.  consul,  chief 
magistrate. 

consulo,  3,  -ul,  -Itus,  consider; 
consult,  inquire  of,  seek  coun- 
sel. 

cSnsumS,  3,  -psi,  -ptus,  eat, 
destroy,  spend,  pass. 

contemplor,  1,  observe,  con- 
sider, think  over. 

contends,  3,  -dl,  -tus,  hasten, 
struggle,  strive. 

contentus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  satis- 
fied, pleased. 

contexo,  3,  -ul,  -xtus,  weave, 
make. 

contineS,  2,  -ul,  -tentus,  hold, 
keep  back,  bound,  surround. 

continuo,  adv.  without  inter- 
ruption. 


continuus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  succes- 
sive, in  succession. 

contra,  prep.  w.  ace.  against. 

controversia,  -ae,  f.  dispute, 
quarrel,  contention. 

contus,  -I,  m.  pole. 

conveniS,  4,  -venl,  -ventus,  come 
together,  assemble,  agree,  ac- 
cord ;  impers.  it  is  agreed,  etc. 

convenit,  impers,  it  is  agreed. 

converts,  3,  -vertl,  -versus,  turn 
towards,  turn  round,  change, 
transform. 

convincS,  3,  -vici,  -victus,  over- 
come, completely  conquer. 

conviva,  -ae,  m.  and  f.  guest. 

convivium,  -I,  n.  feast,  banquet. 

convocS,  1,  call  together,  assem- 
ble, summon. 

cooripr,  4,  coortus,  rise  up, 
arise,  appear. 

cSpia,  -ae,  f.  sing,  plenty,  abun- 
dance, supply ;  plur.  forces, 
troops. 

cSpiosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  abundant, 
plentiful. 

coquS,  3,  coxi,  coctus,  cook,  bake. 

cor,  cordis,  n.  heart. 

cSram,  adv.  and  prep,  openly, 
in  presence  of. 

Corinthius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of 
Corinth,  Corinthian. 

Corinthus,  -I,  f.  Corinth. 

corium,  -I,  n.  skin,  hide,  leather. 

corniger,  -gera,  -gerum,  adj. 
horned. 

cornii,  -us,  n.  horn. 

corona,  -ae,  f.  crown. 

corpus,  -oris,  n.  body,  form. 

corripiS,  3,  -ul,  -reptus  [rapio], 
seize,  snatch  up,  grasp. 

corvus,  -I,  ra.  raven. 

cothurnus,  -I,  m.  top-boot,  shoe. 

cottidianus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of 
every  day,  daily. 

cottidie,  adv.  daily,  every  day. 

eras,  adv.  tomorrow. 


154 


VOCABULARY. 


cratera,  -ae,  f .  mixing  bowl,  bowl. 

creber,  -bra,  -brum,  adj.  fre- 
quent, numerous. 

credibilis,  -e,  adj.  trustworthy. 

credo,  3,  -didi,  -ditus,  believe, 
suppose,  trust,  entrust. 

creo,  1,  create,  make. 

Creon,  -ontis,  m.  a  king  of 
Corinth. 

crepitus,  -us,  m.  rustling,  pat- 
tering. 

cresco,  3,  crevi,  cretus,  increase, 
grow. 

creta,  -ae,  f.  chalk. 

crimen,  -inis,  n.  charge,  crime, 
fault,  offence. 

cruciatus,  -us,  in.  torture,  tor- 
ment. 

crudelis,  -e,  adj.  cruel,  fierce, 
pitiless. 

crudelitas,  -atis,  f.  harshness, 
severity,  cruelty. 

cruentus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  bloody, 
stained. 

cruor,  -oris,  m.  gore,  blood. 

crus,  cruris,  n.  leg. 

cubile,  -is,  n.  bed,  couch. 

cubo,  1,  cubul,  cubitum,  lie  down. 

oilmen,  -inis,  n.  top,  roof. 

culpa,  -ae,  f.  fault. 

culpo,  1,  blame. 

culter,  -trl,  m.  knife,  razor. 

cultus,  -us,  m.  cultivation,  care, 
culture. 

cum,  prep,  with,  together  with. 

cum,  conj.  when,  since,  while, 
after;  cum .  .  .  turn,  both .  .  . 
and. 

Cumae,  -arum,  f.  Cumae. 

cunae,  -arum,  f.  cradle. 

cunctus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  all,  in  a 
body,  the  whole. 

cupide,  adv.  eagerly,  greedily. 

cupiditas,  -atis,  f.  longing,  de- 
sire, ambition,  eagerness. 

cupido,  -dinis,  f.  desire,  wish, 
longing. 


cupidus,  -a,   -um,   adj.  eager, 

desirous,  anxious. 
cupio,  3,  -ivl  or  -il,  -Itus,  desire, 

wish,  long  for. 
cur,  adv.  why? 

cura,  -ae,  f.  care,  trouble,  worry. 
euro,  1,  care,  take  care. 
curro,  3,  cucurri,  cursus,  run, 

rush,  hasten. 
currus,  -us,  m.  chariot. 
cursito,  1,  run  about. 
cursus,  -us,  m.  running,  race, 

course. 
curvus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  crooked, 

winding. 
custodio,  4,  guard,  watch  over, 

protect. 
custos,  -odis,  m.  and  f.  guard, 

warder. 

cutis,  -is,  f.  skin. 
Cyclops,  -opis,  m.  (round  eye), 

Cyclops  (one  of  the  fabulous 

giants  off  the  coast  of  Sicily), 
cygnus,  -1,  m.  swan. 
Cyme,  -es,  f.  a  city  of  Aetolia. 
Cyprus,  -I,  f.  an  island  in  the 

Eastern  Mediterranean. 
Cyzicus,  -!,  f.  a  city  in  Mysia. 

D. 

damno,  1,  sentence,  doom,  con- 
demn. 

damnum,  -I,  n.  hurt,  harm, 
damage,  injure. 

Dam,  -orum,  m.  Danes. 

dapes,  -um,  f.  feast,  banquet,food. 

Darius,  -li,  m.  Darius. 

datus.     See  do. 

d(j,  prep./rom,  about,  concerning. 

debeo,  2,  -ul,  -itus,  owe,  ought. 

debitus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  owed; 
due,  appropriate,  becoming. 

decem,  adj.  indecl.  ten. 

decerto,  1,  struggle,  contend. 

decet,  2,  decuit,  impers.  it  is 
fitting. 


VOCABULARY. 


155 


decide,  3,  -cidi,  — ,  fall  down, 

fall. 

decimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  tenth. 
decipiS,  3,  -cepi,  -ceptus,  deceive, 

cheat,  entrap. 
decurrS,   3,  -cucum  or  -currl, 

-cursus,  run  or  hasten  down, 

rush  to  the  shore. 
dedecus,  -oris,  n.  disgrace. 
deditio,  -onis,  f.  surrender. 
dedS,    3,  -didi,  -ditus,  resign, 

surrender,  give  up,  yield. 
deduce,   3,  -xi,  -uctus,  escort, 

bring,  draw  out,  carry  down, 

launch. 

defamS,  1,  soil,  sully. 
defends,  3,  -dl,  -ensus,  defend, 

protect,  keep  off. 
defers,  deferre,  detull,  delatus, 

drive,   force,    carry;     carry 

down,  report. 

defessus,-a,-um,  adj.  tired,weary. 
deficiS,    3,    -feel,    -fectus,    be 

wanting,  fail,  give  out. 
defluo,  3,  -uxl,  -xus,  flow  by. 
defSrmis,  -e,  adj.  ugly. 
deformo,  1,  make  ugly,  spoil. 
degS,  3,  degi,  — ,  spend,  pass. 
dehisco,  3,  — ,  — ,  yawn,  gape. 
Deiamra,  -ae,  f.  Deianira. 
deiciS,  3,  -iecl,  -iectus,   throw 

down,  dishearten;  cast,  drive, 

force. 

deinde,  adv.  then,  next,  after- 
wards. 
delabor,  3,  -lapsus,  glide  down; 

fall,  descend. 

delecto,  1,  delight,  charm, please. 
deleo,   2,   -evl,   -etus,  destroy, 

overthrow. 

deliciae,  -arum,  f.  treat. 
delictum,  -!,  n.  fault,  offence. 
deligS,  3,  -leg!,  -Iectus,  choose, 

select. 

deligS,  1,  bind,  tie. 
Delphi,  -orum,   m.  a  Phocian 

city,  famous  for  its  oracle. 


demittS,  3,  -misi,  -missus,  send 

from;  let  down,  let  go,  lose; 

demissus,  downcast,  dejected. 
demonstrS,  1,   show,   indicate, 

prove. 
Demosthenes,   -is,   m.  He     s- 

thenes. 

demum,  adv.  at  length. 
denarius,  -1,  m.  a  silver  coin. 
denique,  adv.  at  last. 
dens,  dentis,  m.  tooth.     . 
densus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  thick. 
depellS,  3,  -pull,  -pulsus,  drive 

away,   banish,   remove,   turn 

aside,  divert. 

dependeo,  2,  — ,  — ,  hang  down. 
depereS,  -Ire,  -ii,  — ,  die,  perish. 
deplorS,  1,  lament,  bewail. 
deponS,  3,  -posui,  -positus,  lay 

down,  put  aside. 
deports,  1,  carry  down  or  off, 

bring  home. 
deprehendS,  3,  -dl,  -ensus,  seize 

upon,  detect,  surprise. 
derideS,  2,-rlsl,  -rlsus,  jeer,  mock. 
deripiS,    3,   -ui,  -reptus,    tear 

away,  snatch. 
descendo,3,  -di,  -ensus,  descend, 

dismount,  disembark. 
descensus,  -us,  m.  descent. 
deserS,    3,   -rul,   -rtus.   desert, 

abandon,  forsake. 
desertus,  -a,  -um,  part,  deserted, 

desolate. 
desiderium,  -1,  n.  longing,  wish, 

desire. 
desiliS,   4,   -ilui,  -ultus,  jump 

down,  leap  overboard. 
desists,  3,  -stitl,  -stilus,  leave 

off,  stop,  give  up. 
desperp,  1,  despair  of,  give  up. 
despiciS,   3,  -exl,  -ectus,   look 

down  upon,  disdain. 
destringS,  3,  -inxl,  -ictus,  draw, 

unsheath. 

desum,  -esse,  -fui,  fail,  be  want- 
ing. 


156 


VOCABULARY. 


desuper,  adv.  from  above,  from 
overhead. 

deterreo,  2,  -m,  -itus,  deter,  pre- 
vent, frighten. 

detraho,  3,  -axl,  -ctus,  draw  or 
throw  off,  remove. 

detrecto,  1,  decline,  refuse. 

deturbo,  1,  upset,  throw  away, 
drive  away,  dislodge. 

deus,  -1,  m.  god. 

devius,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  out  of  the 
way,  retired. 

devolve,  3,  -vl,  -utus,  roll  down. 

devoro,  1,  eat,  devour,  consume. 

devoveo,  2,  -vovl,  -votus,  devote, 
offer,  give  up. 

dextra,  -ae,  f.  right  hand. 

Diana,  -ae,  f.  Diana  (goddess 
of  hunting). 

died,  3,  -xl,  -ictus,  say,  tell, 
appoint. 

dies,  -el,  m.  day. 

difficilis,  -e,  adj.  difficult,  hard, 
ill-tempered,  perilous. 

difficultas,  -atis,  f.  difficulty, 
trouble. 

diffugio,  3,  -fug!,  — ,  flee  in  dif- 
ferent directions,  scatter. 

digitus,  -1,  m.  finger. 

dignitas,  -atis,  f.  dignity,  rank. 

dignus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  worthy, 
suitable,  proper. 

dilacero,  1,  tear  in  pieces,  wound. 

dilanio,  1,  tear  in  pieces,  strip 
off. 

diligens,  -entis,  adj.  careful, 
industrious. 

diligenter,  adv.  carefully,  scru- 
pulously. 

diligentia,  -ae,  f.  industry,  dili- 
gence, care,  application. 

diligo,  3,  -lex!,  -l€ctus,  single 
out,  love,  esteem. 

dilucesco,  3,  -luxl,  — ,  grow 
light,  dawn. 

dimittd,  3,  -misl,  -missus,  send 
out,  despatch,  dismiss. 


direptus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  torn  asun- 
der, separated. 
dirigo,  3,  -rexi,  -rectus,  direct, 

guide. 
diripio,    3,    -ul,    -eptus,    tear 

asunder,  ravage. 
dirus,   -a,   -um,    adj.  fearful, 

dreadful,  violent. 
discedo,  3,  -cessi,  -cessus,  depart 

from,    leave,    go ;    separate, 

open. 
disciplina,    -ae,    f.   discipline, 

order,  teaching. 
discrimen,  -inis,  n.  crisis,  risk, 

peril,  danger. 
disicio,  3,  -iecl,  -iectus,  disjoint, 

separate,  scatter,  disperse. 
dispono,    3,    -posui,    -positus, 

arrange,  set  in  order,  post, 

assign. 

dispute,  1,  argue,  discuss. 
dissideo,  2,  -edi,  — ,  disagree, 

differ. 

dissimilis,  -e,  adj.  unlike,  dif- 
ferent. 

diistans,  -antis,  adj.  distant. 
diu,  adv.  for  a  long  time,  long. 
diutius,  adv.  longer,  for  some 

time. 
divello,  3,  -velli,  -vulsus,  tear 

up  or  apart,   snatch  away, 

remove. 

diversus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  different. 
dives,  dlvitis,  adj.  rich,  wealthy. 
divide,  3,  -vlsl,  -vlsus,  divide, 

separate. 
divinitus,  adv.  miraculously,  by 

divine  influence. 
divinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  divine. 
divitiae,  -arum,  f .  riches,  wealth. 
divolgo,  1,  spread  abroad,  pub- 
lish, reveal. 
do,  1,  dedl,  datus,  give,  offer, 

bestow,  confer;  propose;  give 

up,  resign. 
doceo,  2,  -cul,  -ctus,  teach,  show, 

tell. 


VOCABULARY. 


157 


doleo,  2,  -ul,  -iturus,  grieve  (/or), 

feel  sorry,  lament. 
dolor,  -oris,  m.  grief,  pain. 
dolus,  -I,  m.  deceit;  trick,  fraud, 

cunning. 
domesticus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  of  the 

house,  house-,  personal. 
domi,  loc.  of  domus,  at  home. 
domina,  -ae,  f.  mistress. 
dominus,  -I,  m.  lord,  master. 
domd,  1,  -ui,  -itus,  subdue,  tame, 

conquer. 

domus,  -us,  f.  house,  home. 
d5no,  1,  give,  present,  bestow, 

confer. 

ddnum,  -i,  n.  gift,  present. 
dormiS,  4,  sleep,  slumber. 
draco,  -onis,  m.  serpent,  dragon. 
dubito,  1,  doubt,  hesitate. 
dubius,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  doubtful, 

uncertain;  sine  dubio,  witJi- 

out  doubt. 

duco,  3,  -xi,  ductus,  lead,  con- 
duct, draw,  marry  (a  wife). 
dulcedo,    -inis,     f.    sweetness, 

charm. 
dulcis,  -e,  adj.  sweet,  agreeable, 

pleasant,  delightful. 
dum,   conj.  while,  as  long  as, 

until. 

duo,  -ae,  -o,  adj.  two. 
duodecim,  adj.  indecl.  twelve. 
durus,  -a,  -uin,  adj.  hard,  rough, 

harsh,  cruel. 
dux,  duels,  m.  leader,  general. 

E. 

e,  ex,  prep.  w.  abl.  out  of, 
from. 

ebrius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  drunken,  in- 
toxicated. 

ebur,  -oris,  n.  ivory. 

ecce,  adv.  see!  behold! 

echinus,  -I,  m.  hedgehog. 

edico,  3,  -xi,  -dictus,  proclaim, 
announce,  make  known. 


edo,  3,  6dl,  e"sus,  eat,  devour, 
consume. 

edo,  3,  -did!,  -ditus,  give  forth, 
utter,  raise,  set  up. 

Edvardus,  -i,  m.  Edward. 

effervesco,  3,  -ferbui,  — ,  boil  up, 
boil  over. 

efficio,  3,  -fed,  -fectus,  bring 
about,  effect,  accomplish. 

effodio,  3,  -fodi,  -fossus,  dig  up. 

effugio,,  3,  -fugi,  — ,  flee  away, 
escape,  avoid. 

effundo,  3,  -fudi,  -fusus,  upset, 
scatter,  pour  forth,  waste. 

effuse,  adv.  in  different  direc- 
tions. 

egenus,  -a,  -um,  adj. poor,  needy. 

ego,  pron.  I. 

egredior,  3,  -gressus,  come  out, 
disembark,  land. 

egregie,  adv.  excellently,  splen- 
didly, very  well. 

egregius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  distin- 
guished, excellent,  noble. 

eheu,  adv.  alas ! 

eicio,  3,  -ieci,  -iectus,  drive  out, 
banish. 

elephantus,  -1,  m.  elephant. 

elido,  3,  -si,  -sus,  shatter,  crush, 
destroy. 

Elisabetha,  -ae,  f.  Elizabeth 
(queen  of  England). 

eludo,  3,  -si,  -sus,  avoid,  cheat, 
make  sport  of. 

emergo,  3,  -si,  -sus,  come  forth, 
emerge. 

emineo,  2,  -ui,  — ,  stand  out, 
project,  show  one's  self. 

emitto,  3,  -misi,  -missus,  let  go, 
send  out. 

emo,  3,  emi,  emptus,  buy. 

en,  adv.  see!  behold! 

enim,  conj.  for,  in  fact,  you  see. 

ed,  ire,  ii  or  ivi,  iturus,  go. 

eo,  adv.  thither. 

Ephesius,  -a,-nm,  a,d].Ephesian. 

epistula,  -ae,  f.  letter, 


158 


VOCABULARY. 


epulae,  -arum,  i.  feast,  banquet, 

dinner. 

equa,  -ae,  f.  mare. 
eques,  -itis,  m.  knight,  horseman. 
equidem,  adv.  indeed,  certainly, 

yes. 
equmus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of  horses, 

horse-. 

equitatus,  -us,  m.  cavalry. 
equito,  1,  ride. 
equus,  -i,  m.  horse,  steed. 
erectus,  -a,  -um,   adj.  set  up, 

upright,  erect. 
erga,  prep,  towards. 
ergo,  adv.  therefore,  accordingly. 
Eridanus,  -i,   m.  Eridanus  or 

Po  River. 
eripio,  3,  -ipul,  -eptus,  snatch 

away,  save,  rescue. 
erro,    1,   wander,    mistake,   be 

wrong. 

error,  -oris,  m.  fault,  mistake. 
erump5,  3,  -rupi,  -ruptus,  break 

out,  burst  forth,  rush  out. 
esurio,  4,  — ,  -iturus,  be  hungry, 

suffer  hunger. 
et,  conj.  and ;  et .  .  .  et,  both 

.  .  .  and. 
etiam,  conj.  also,  even,  besides, 

too. 

etsi,  conj.  although. 
Eurylochus,  -i,  m.  one  of  Ulys- 
ses"1 men. 
evado,   3,  -si,  -sus,   turn  out, 

get  away,  escape. 
evanesco,  3,  -nui,  — ,  vanish  or 

fade  away,  disappear. 
evello,  3,  -veil!,  -vulsus,  pull  or 

pluck  out. 

evenio,  4,  -vem,  -ventus,  hap- 
pen, occur,  result,  succeed. 
eventus,  -us,  m.  occurrence,  re- 
sult, end. 
evolo,  I,  fly  out  or  away,  rush 

forth. 
ex  or  e,   prep.  -w.  abl.  from, 

away  from,  out  of,  of. 


exanimis,  -e,  adj.  lifeless,  dead. 

exanimo,  1,  tire,  weaken,  ex- 
haust. 

exanimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  lifeless, 
dead. 

exardesco,  3,  -arsi,  -arsus,  be 
inflamed,  be  provoked,  rage. 

excedo,  3,  -cessl,  -cessus,  depart, 
withdraw;  e  vita,,  die,  perish. 

excipio,  3,  -cepi,  -ceptus,  catch, 
come  next  to,  interrupt;  re- 
ceive, welcome. 

excito,  1,  arouse,  rouse,  wake. 

exclamo,  1,  cry  out,  shout,  ex- 
claim. 

excludo,  3,  -si,  -sus,  shut  out, 
hinder,  prevent;  (of  eggs) 
hatch. 

excogito,  1,  think,  contrive,  de- 
vise. 

excubiae,  -arum,  f.  watch. 

exemplum,  -I,  n.  example. 

exeo,  -ire,  -il,  -itus,  go  out,  go 
away,  depart. 

exerceo,  2,  -ul,  -itus,  vex,  exer- 
cise, try,  test. 

exercitus,  -us,  m.  army,  force. 

exhaurio,  4,  -hausi,  -haustus, 
empty,  drink  up. 

exiguus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  small, 
scanty,  mean. 

eximo,  3,  -emi,  -emptus,  take 
out,  take  away,  remove. 

existimd,  1,  think,  judge,  con- 
sider. 

exitium,  -i,  n.  destruction,  ruin. 

expello,  3,  -pull,  -pulsus,  drive 
out,  banish,  expel. 

experrectus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  awak- 
ened, awake. 

expers,   -pertis,    adj.    without, 
.     free  from. 

explico,  1,  -avl  or  -ui,  -atus  or 
-itus,  unfold,  explain,  set 
forth. 

exp!5r5,  1,  examine,  explore, 
spy  out. 


VOCABULARY. 


159 


expono,  3,  -posui,  -positus,  set 

forth ;  in  terram,  land,  put 

ashore. 
exprimo,    3,   -press!,  -pressus, 

squeeze,  squeeze  out,  extract. 
exquiro,  3,  -slvl,  -situs,  search 

for,  seek  out,  hunt  for. 
exsilio,  4,  -ul,  — ,  jump  forth, 

dart  out. 
exsilium,  -I,  n.  place  of  exile, 

exile,  banishment. 
exsolvo,  3,  -solvl,  -solutus,  pay. 
exspecto,  1,  expect,   wait  for, 

wait. 
exspiro,  1,  breathe  one's  last, 

die. 
exsul,  -ulis,  m.  and  f.  wanderer, 

exile. 
exsupero,  1,  overcome,   be  too 

much  for. 
extemplo,  adv.  immediately,  at 

once. 
extra,  adv.  and  prep.  w.  ace. 

outside  of,  without. 
extraho,  3,  -axl,  -ctus,  drag  out, 

pull  out,  remove. 
extremus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  superl. 

outermost ;  at  the  end  of. 
extrudo,  3,  -si,  -sus,  thrust  out, 

drive  away. 
exuo,  3,  -til,  -utus,  take  off,  put 

off,  remove, 

F. 

faber,  -brl,  m.  artisan,  carpen- 
ter, smith. 

fabula,  -ae,  f.  story,  tale. 

facile,  adv.  easily,  readily. 

facilis,  -e,  adj.  easy. 

facinus,  -inoris,  n.  crime. 

facio,  3,  feel,  factns,  make,  dor 
form,  cause,  find  ;  facere 
naufragium,  be  shipwrecked. 

factum,  -1,  n.  act,  action,  deed. 

facultas,  -atis,  f,  chance,  oppor- 
tunity. 


fallo,  3,  fefelli,  falsus,  deceive, 
elude,  cheat,  fail,  disappoint. 

falsus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  deceived, 
feigned,  pretended,  false. 

fama,  -ae,  f.  report,  rumor. 

fames,  -is,  f.  hunger,  famine. 

farina,  -ae,  f.  flour. 

fastldium,  -1,  n.  dislike,  pride. 

fatalis,  -e,  adj.  fated,  fateful, 
dangerous,  deadly. 

fatum,  -1,  n.  fate,  lot,  death. 

fauces,  -ium,  f .  throat,  jaws. 

faveo,  2,  favl,  fautus,  favor. 

fax,  facis,  f.  torch. 

fefelli.     See  fallo. 

feles,  -is,  f.  cat. 

feliciter,  adv.  happily,  fortu- 
nately, favorably. 

femina,  -ae,  f.  woman. 

fenestra,  -ae,  f.  window. 

fenum,  -!,  n.  hay. 

fera,  -ae,  f .  wild  beast,  animal. 

fere,  adv.  almost,  nearly. 

feriae,  -arum,  f.  festival. 

ferio,  4,  strike,  beat,  thrust. 

fero,  ferre,  tull,  latus,  bear, 
carry,  take,  say,  tell;  aegre 
or  indigne,  take  it  ill,  be 
vexed. 

ferox,  -ocis,  adj.  fierce,  savage, 

ferreus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  iron. 

ferrum,  -I,  n.  iron,  sword, 

fertilis,  -e,  adj.  fertile. 

ferus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  wild,  savage. 

fervidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  burning, 
fiery,  hot. 

fessus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  tired,  weak, 
exhausted. 

festus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  festal,  gay. 

fibula,  -ae,  f.  buckle,  button. 

fictus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  feigned, 
false,  pretended. 

fidelis,  -e,  adj.  trusty,  faithful. 

fides,  -el,  f.  faith,  promise,  credit. 

fido,  3,  fisus,  semi-dep.  trust, 
confide,  rely  upon. 

Fido,  -onis,  m,  Fido. 


160 


VOCABULARY. 


fidus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  faithful, 
trusty. 

Figulus,  -I,  m.  Figulus. 

figura,  -ae,  f .  form,  figure. 

filia,  -ae,  f.  daughter. 

filius,  -1,  m.  son. 

fitnus,  -i,  in.  dung,  filth. 

findo,  3,  fidl,  fissus,  split,  divide. 

fingo,  3,  finxi,  fictus,  form,  in- 
vent, fashion,  build. 

fund,  4,  -ivl,  -itus,  finish,  end, 
decide. 

finis,  -is,  m.  end,  land,  boundary. 

finitimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  neigh- 
boring, near. 

fio,  fieri,  factus,  be  made  or 
done,  become. 

firmiter,  adv.  firmly. 

f irmus,  -a,  -um,  a&j.flrm,  strong, 
powerful. 

fistula,  -ae,  f.  pipe. 

flagrans,  -antis,  adj.  flaming,, 
glowing,  burning. 

flamma,  -ae,  f .  flame,  fire. 

flecto,  3,  -exi,  -xus,  bend,  bow, 
turn. 

Floras,  -i,  m.  Florus. 

flos,  floris,  m.  flower,  blossom. 

fluctus,  -us,  m.  wave,  billow, 
tide. 

flumen,  -inis,  n.  river,  stream. 

flu5,  3,  -uxi,  -xus,  flow. 

focus,  -i,  m.  hearth. 

fodio,  3,  fodl,  fossus,  dig. 

foedus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  filthy,  hor- 
rible, dreadful. 

folium,  -I,  n.  leaf. 

fons,  f  ontis,  m.  spring,  fountain. 

foras,  adv.  out  of  doors,  out. 

fore,  foret.     See  sum. 

foris,  -is,  f.  door;  pi.  folding 
door,  double  doors,  entrance. 

foris,  adv.  out  of  doors,  outside. 

forma,  -ae,  f.  form,  figure, 
beauty. 

formica,  -ae,  f.  ant. 

formido,  -inis,  f.  fear,  dread. 


formosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  beauti- 
ful, handsome. 

forte,  adv.  by  chance,  as  it  hap- 
pened. 

fortis,  -e,   adj.    strong,   brave, 
valiant. 

fortitude,   -inis,   f.   manliness, 
bravery,  courage. 

fortuna,  -ae,   f.  fortune,  fate, 
chance. 

fortunatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  fortu- 
nate, lucky. 

forum,     -I,     n.    market-place, 
forum. 

fossa,  -ae,  f.  ditch,  trench. 

foveo,   2,  fovl,  fotus,  cherish, 
warm,  keep  warm. 

fragor,  -oris,  m.  splash,  noise, 
crash,  din. 

frango,  3,  fregi,  fractus,  break, 
shatter. 

f  rater,  -tris,  m.  brother. 

f raus,  fraudis,  f.  deceit,  trickery, 
crime. 

Fredericus,  -I,  m.  Frederick. 

f  remitus,  -us,  m.  growling,  noise. 

freno,  1,  curb,  check,  restrain. 

frigidus,   -a,   -um,    adj.    cold, 
chilled,  freezing. 

frons,  frondis,  f.  leaf. 

frons,  frontis,  f.  forehead,  brow. 

fructus,  -us,  m.  product,  fruit. 

frugalis,  -e,  adj.  thrifty,  frugal. 

frumentor,  1,  get  corn,  forage. 

frumentum,  -i,  n.  corn,  grain. 

frustra,    adv.    in  vain,    to  no 
purpose. 

frustum,  -I,  n.  bit,  piece. 

(frux),  frugis,  f.  fruit,  produce. 

fuga,  -ae,  f .  flight. 

fugiens,  -entis,  adj.  flying,  flee- 
ing. 

fugio,  3,  fugl,  — ,  fly,  flee,  run 
away. 

fugitivus,  -I,  m.  fugitive,  run- 
away slave. 
,  1,  put  to  flight. 


VOCABULARY. 


161 


fulciS,  4,  fulsl,  fultus,  prop  up, 
support 

fulgens,  -entis,  adj.  glittering. 

fulgeo,  2,  fulsl,  — ,  glitter,  flash, 
shine. 

fultus.    See  fulci5. 

Fulvia,  -ae,  f.  Fulvia. 

Fulvius,  -i,  m.  Fulvius. 

funditor,  -oris,  m.  slinger. 

fundo,  3,  fudi,  fusus,  pour,  pro- 
duce, rout. 

fundus,  -i,  m.  farm. 

funebris,  -e,  adj.  funereal. 

fungor,  3,  functus,  perform. 

funis,  -is,  m.  rope,  cord. 

fur,  furis,  m.  thief,  robber. 

furens,  -entis,  adj.  furious, 
maddened. 

furiosus,  -a,  -run,  adj.  raging, 
maddened. 

furor,  -oris,  m.  madness,  frenzy. 

furtim,  adv.  stealthily. 

furtum,  -I,  n.  theft. 

fuscus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  dark,  dusky, 
swarthy. 

G. 

galea,  -ae,  f.  helmet. 

Gallia,  -ae,  f.  Gaul. 

Gallicus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  Gallic. 

gallma,  -ae,  f.  hen. 

Gallus,  -i,  m.  a  Gaul. 

gallus,  -i,  m.  cock. 

garrulus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  chatter- 
ing, talkative,  prattling. 

gaudeo,  2,  gavisus,  semi-dep. 
rejoice,  be  glad  or  pleased. 

gaudium,  -I,  n.  joy,  gladness, 
delight. 

Gelertus,  -1,  m.  Gelert. 

Gellius,  -i,  m.  Gellius. 

gelu,  -us,  n.  frost. 

gemitus,  -us,  m.  groan,  moan. 

gemma,  -ae,  f.  jewel. 

genae,  -arum,  f.  cheeks. 

generosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  well- 
born, noble. 


gens,  gentis,  f.  race,  people, 
nation. 

genus,  generis,  n.  birth,  race; 
style,  manner,  kind. 

Germania,  -ae,  f.  Germany. 

German!,  -orum,  m.  Germans. 

gero,  3,  gessi,  gestus,  bear,  wield, 
carry,  wear,  do,  accomplish, 
wage;  pass,  take  place. 

gestus,  -us,  m.  gesture. 

gigas,  -antis,  m.  giant. 

gigno,  3,  genui,  genitus,  pro- 
duce, bring  forth;  pass,  spring 
up,  arise. 

gladius,  -1,  m.  sword. 

glans,  -andis,  f.  acorn. 

Glauce,  -es  or  -ae,  f.  daughter 
of  Creon  (king  of  Corinth). 

glaucus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  gray. 

Glaucus,  -i,  m.  Glaucus. 

gloria,  -ae,  f.  renown,  fame. 

gloriosus,  -a^-um,  adj.  boastful. 

gracilis,  -e,  adj.  slender,  grace- 
ful. 

Graecia,  -ae,  f.  Greece. 

Graecus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  Grecian, 
Greek ;  plur.  as  noun,  the 
Greeks. 

gramen,  -inis,  n.  grass. 

grandis,  -e,  adj.  large,  big. 

grando,  -inis,  f.  hail. 

granum,  -1,  n.  grain,  seed. 

gratia,  -ae,  f .  sing,  favor,  esteem ; 
plur.  thanks,  gratitude. 

gratus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  pleasing, 
thankful. 

gravis,  -e,  adj.  heavy,  deep, 
painful,  important,  severe, 
dangerous. 

graviter,  adv.  severely,  d.anger- 
ously,  deeply,  violently. 

gravo,  1,  oppress,  burden,  over- 
come. 

gremium,  -i,  n.  bosom. 

gressus,  -us,  m.  step,  course. 

grex,  gregis,  m.  flock. 

guberno,  1,  steer,  pilot. 


162 


VOCABULARY. 


gurges,  -itis,  m.  whirlpool,  abyss. 
gusto,  1,  taste,  take  a  little  of. 
guttur,  -uris,  n.  throat. 
Gyges,  -is,  m.  Gyges. 

H. 

habena,  -ae,  f.  usu.  pi.  reins. 

habeo,  2,  -m,  -itus,  have,  carry, 
carry  on,  hold,  esteem,  con- 
sider. 

habito,  1,  dwell,  live  in,  inhabit. 

haereo,  2,  haesi,  haesurus,  stick, 
be  in  difficulties,  be  held  fast. 

haesito,  1,  hesitate. 

Hamelma,  -ae,  f.  Hamelin. 

hamus,  -1,  m.  hook. 

harena  (arena),  -ae,  f.  sand. 

Harpyiae,  -aruin,  f.  Harpies 
(loathsome  birds  with  maid- 
ens' faces). 

haud,  adv.  not,  not  at  all. 

haudquaquam,  adv.  by  no  means, 
not  at  all. 

haurio,  4,  hausl,  haustus,  drain,, 
drink  up,  swallow. 

haustus,  -us,  m.  draught. 

Henricus,  -i,  m.  Henry. 

herba,  -ae,  f.  herb,  plant. 

hercle,  inter],  by  Hercules,  as- 
suredly, indeed. 

Hercules,  -is,  m.  Hercules  (god 
of  strength,  son  of  Jupiter 
and  Alcmena). 

heri,  adv.  yesterday. 

hesternus,  -a,  -um,  adj.,  w.  dies, 
yesterday,  the  day  previous. 

hiatus,  -us,  in.  gaping,  aperture, 
cleft. 

Hibernia,  -ae,  f.  Ireland. 

hie,  haec,  hoc,  pron.  this,  he, 
she,  etc. ;  hie,  ille,  the  latter, 
the  former. 

hie,  adv.  here,  on  this  side. 

hiems,  -emis,  f.  winter,  cold. 

hinc,  adv.  hence;  hinc  illinc, 
on  this  side  and  on  that. 


hirundo,  -inis,  f.  swallow. 

Hispania,  -ae,  f.  Spain. 

Hispanus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  Spanish; 
as  noun,  m.  pi.  the  Spaniards. 

hodie,  adv.  to-day. 

Homerus,  -1,  m.  the  Greek  poet 
Homer,  supposed  to  have 
lived  about  B.C.  900. 

homo,  -inis,  m.  man. 

honestus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  honor- 
able, virtuous. 

honos  or  honor,  -oris,  m.  honor, 
office,  duly. 

hora,  -ae,  f.  hour,  time. 

hordeum,  -I,  n.  barley. 

horrendus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  dreadful. 

horreo,  2,  -ui,  — ,  bristle,  shudder. 

horreum,  -1,  n.  barn. 

horribilis,  -e,  adj.  fearful,  ter- 
rible, dreadful. 

horrisonus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  with 
terrific  sound,  fearful. 

horror,  -oris,  m.  shivering,  dread, 
fear. 

hortor,  1,  cheer,  exhort,  urge, 
bid. 

hortus,  -I,  m.  garden. 

-hospes,  -itis.  m.  and  f.  guest, 
host,  stranger. 

hospitium,  -I,  n.  hospitality, 
entertainment,  welcome. 

hostis,  -is,  m.  and  f.  enemy,  foe. 

Hubertus,  -1,  m.  Hubert. 

hue,  adv.  hither;  hue  illuc, 
hither  and  thither,  to  and  fro. 

humanitas,  -atis,  f.  politeness, 
refinement. 

humanus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  human, 
marts. 

humi,  adv.  on  the  ground. 

humilis,  -e,  adj.  lowly,  humble. 

humiliter,  adv.  humbly,  abjectly. 

humus,  -I,  f.  ground. 

hyaena,  -ae,  f.  hycena. 

hydra,  -ae,  f.  hydra. 

Hylas,  -ae,  m.  one  of  the  Argo- 
nauts. 


.163 


iace5,  2,  -ui,  -itus,  lie,  lie  dead, 

be  prostrate. 
iacio,  3,  iecl,  iactus,  throw,  cast, 

let  fall 

lacobus,  -I,  m.  James. 
iacto,  1,  toss  about,  boast. 
iaculum,  -I,  n.  dart,  javelin. 
iam,  adv.  now,  already,  soon, 

at  length. 
iamdudum,     adv.    for  a  long 

while,  long. 
iamque.     See  iam. 
ianua,  -ae,  f.  door,  house-door, 

entrance. 
lason,  -onis,  m.  Jason  (son  of 


ibi,  adv.  there. 

ibidem,  adv.  in  the  same  spot. 

Iceni,  -orum,  m.  Iceni  (a  people 

of  Britain). 
ictus,  -us,  m.  blow. 
idem,  eadem,  idem,  pron.  the 

same. 
idoneus,  -ea,  -eum,  ad],  fit,  suit- 

able, proper. 
ieiunus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  fasting, 

hungry. 
igitur,    adv.    therefore,    conse- 

quently. 
Ignarus,   -a,   -um,    adj.    unac- 

quainted with,   unskilled  in, 

not  knowing. 
ignavus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  idle,  lazy, 

worthless. 
ignis,  -is,  m.  fire. 
ignore,  1,  be  ignorant,  not  know. 
ignotus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  unknown, 

unfamiliar,  strange. 
Ilias,  -ados,  f  .  the  Iliad  (a  Greek 

epic  poem). 

ilico,  adv.  on  the  spot,  instantly. 
ille,  -a,  -ud,  pron.  that  yonder, 

he,  she,  it. 

illic,  adv.  there,  on  that  side. 
illinc,  adv.  thence,  on  that  side. 


iliac,  adv.  thither. 

imago,  -inis,  f.  copy,  likeness, 

reflection,  form. 

imber,  -bris,  m.  shower,  storm. 
imitor,  1,  copy,  counterfeit. 
immanis,   -e,   adj.  huge,  vast, 

monstrous. 
immanitas,  -atis,  f.  savageness, 

cruelty,  barbarism. 
immemor,  -oris,  adj.  forgetful, 

regardless. 

immensus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  bound- 
less, vast,  huge. 
immineo,  2,  — ,  — ,  hang  over, 

impend. 
immitto,  3,  -mlsi,  -missus,  let 

in,  drive  in,  admit. 
impedio,  4,  hinder,  retard,  delay. 
impello,  3,  -puli,  -pulsus,  move, 

induce,  impel,  lead. 
impendeo,  2,  — ,  — ,  overhang, 

threaten,  be  near. 
impensa,  -ae,  f .  outlay,  expense, 

cost. 
imperator,  -oris,  m.  commander, 

leader,  general. 
imperatum,    -I,    n.    command, 

orders. 
imperitus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  inex- 

perienced,unskilled,awkward. 
imperium,  -1,  n.  power,  authority. 
impero,  1,  command,  bid,  order, 

impose. 

impetro,  1,  cbtain,  procure,  get. 
impetus,  -us,  m.  attack,  onset, 

charge,  rush. 

impie,  adv.  wickedly,  impiously. 
impiger,  -gra,  -grum,  adj.  active. 
impius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  wicked, 

impious,  unnatural. 
impleo,   2,  -plevl,  -pletus,  fill 

up,  cover. 
implico,  1,  -a vi  or  -ui,  -atus  or 

-itus,  entangle,  involve. 
impono,  3,  -posui,-positus,_pZace 

upon,  set  over,   impose;  set 

on  board. 


164 


VOCABULARY. 


improbus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  wicked, 
naughty. 

improvidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  im- 
prudent, heedless. 

improvise,  adv.  suddenly,  un- 
expectedly ;  de  improvise, 
unexpectedly. 

imprudens, -entis,  adj.  not  fore- 
seeing, unintentional. 

impudens,  -entis,  adj.  shame- 
less, impudent. 

impudentia,  -ae,  f.  shameless- 
ness. 

impune,  adv.  without  punish- 
ment, uninjured. 

imus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  superl.  low- 
est; ima  vallis,  the  bottom  of 
the  valley. 

in,  prep.  (1)  w.  ace.  to,  into,  in, 
against;  (2)  w.  abl.  in,  on, 
among. 

incaute,  adv.  heedlessly. 

incautus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  heedless, 
off  one's  guard. 

inced5,  3,  -cessl,  -cessus,  ad- 
vance, march,  move. 

incendium,  -I,  n.  conflagration, 
fire. 

incendo,  3,  -di,  -ensus,  set  on 
fire,  kindle,  light. 

incertus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  uncer- 
tain, doubtful. 

incidp,  3,  -cidi,  — ,  fall  into. 

incipio,  3,  -cepi,  -ceptus,  begin, 
commence. 

incito,  1,  urge,  rouse,  incite, 
drive;  of  the  tide,  w.  se, 
come  in  violently. 

include,  3,  -si,  -sus,  shut  in, 
confine,  keep. 

incola,  -ae,  m.  and  f .  inhabitant, 
citizen. 

incolo,  3,  -lui,  — ,  dwell  in,  in- 
habit. 

incolumis,  -e,  adj.  safe,  sound. 

incredibilis,  -e,  adj.  incredible, 
extraordinary. 


increp5,  1,  -ul,  -itus,  rebuke, 
upbraid,  reprove. 

incultus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  unculti- 
vated. 

incursio,  -onis,  f.  raid,  inroad. 

incuso,  1,  accuse,  charge. 

incutio,  3,  -cussl,  -cussus,  strike 
against. 

inde,  adv.  thence,  thereupon. 

indicium,  -1,  n.  evidence,  proof, 
sign,  token. 

indico,  1,  reveal,  declare,  make 
known. 

indlgnatio,  -onis,  f .  displeasure, 
anger. 

indoctus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  untaught, 
ignorant. 

induce,  3,  -xl,  -ductus,  lead  or 
bring  into,  conduct,  lead,  per- 
suade. 

indulgeo,  2,  -si,  -tus,  indulge. 

induo,  3,  -ui,  -utus,put  on,  dress 
one's  self  in,  wrap,  clothe. 

Indus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  Indian ; 
as  noun,  m.  pi.  Indians. 

industria,  -ae,  f.  diligence,  zeal; 
de  industria,  on  purpose. 

ineo,  -ire,  -IvI  or  -il,  -itus,  enter, 
devise,  form. 

ineptus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  senseless. 

infandus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  not  to  be 
spoken,  unheard  of,  unnatu- 
ral, awful. 

infans,  -antis,  adj.  not  speaking; 
as  noun,  m.  and  f .  little  child, 
infant,  babe. 

infectus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  unaccom- 
plished, undone. 

infelix,  -Icis,  adj.  unfortunate, 
unlucky,  ill-fated,  unhappy. 

inferior,  comp.  adj.  lower. 

infero,  -ferre,  -tuli,  -latus,  bear 
or  bring  upon,  w.  ace.  and  dat. 

inferus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  under- 
neath, lower. 

mfesto,  1,  haunt,  infest,  molest, 
trouble* 


VOCABULARY. 


165 


inficio,  3,  -feel,  -fectus,  put  in, 
dig,  plunge,  soak,imbue,  stain, 
corrupt. 

mfidelis,  -e,  adj.  faithless,  un- 
true, treacherous. 

infirmus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  feeble, 
weak. 

mformis,  -e,  adj.  misshapen, 
hideous,  horrible. 

mfundo,  3,  -fudl,  -fusus,  pour 
in,  throw  in. 

ingemino,  1,  redouble,  repeat, 
increase. 

ingenium,  -i,  n.  character,  abili- 
ties. 

ingens,  -entis,  adj.  huge,  vast, 
mighty. 

ingenuus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  frank, 
open. 

ingratus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  unpleas- 
ant, thankless. 

ingredior,  3,  -gressus,  enter,  go 
into. 

inhonestus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  dis- 
honorable, disgraceful. 

inhospitalis,  -e,  adj.  inhospita- . 
ble. 

inicio,  3,  -ieci,  -iectus,  put  into, 
insert;  apply  (manus),  lay 
hands  on,  seize. 

inimicus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  hostile ; 
as  noun,  m.  enemy,  foe. 

imquus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  uneven, 
unjust,  unfair,  wicked. 

iniuria,  -ae,  f .  wrong,  hurt,  harm. 

inlido,  3,  -si,  -sus,  strike  or  dash 
against,  w.  se,  wash. 

innocens,  -entis,  adj.  guiltless, 
harmless. 

innumerabilis,  -e,  adj.  countless. 

inopia,  -ae,  f.  want,  scarcity, 
scant  supply. 

inopmatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  unex- 
pected. 

inquam,  defect,  verb,  say. 

inritus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  unsuccess- 
ful, vain,  foiled. 


inrumpo,  3,  -rupl,  -ruptus,  burst 

into,  force  a  way  in. 
inruo,  3,  -ui,  — ,  rush  in,  press 

into. 
insania,  -ae,  f.  unsoundness  of 

mind,  insanity,  madness. 
msanus,   -a,    -um,   adj.    mad, 

frantic,  frenzied. 
msciens,  -entis,  ad  j.not  knowing; 

patre,    without   his  father's 

knowledge. 

mscius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  not  know- 
ing, ignorant  of,  unacquainted 

with. 

inscribo,3,  -psi,-ptus,  write  upon. 
insequor,    3,    -secutua,   follow 

upon,  pursue,  start  in  pursuit. 
insero,  3,  -sevl,  -situs,  implant, 

plant,  sow. 

insero,  3,  -serui,  -sertus,  intro- 
duce, insert. 
msidiae,  -arum,  f .  ambush,  plot, 

artifice,  trick,  treachery. 
insido,  3,  -sedl,  -sessus,  settle 

on,  take  possession  of. 
insignis,  -e,  adj.  distinguished, 

striking,  prominent. 
insisto,  3,  -stitl,  — ,  stand  upon, 

press  upon. 
mstituo,  3,  -ui,  -iitus,    begin, 

arrange,  resolve,  determine  on. 
insto,  1,  -stitl,  — ,  approach,  be 

present,  press  upon,  threaten. 
instruo,  3,  -uxi,  -uctus,  prepare, 

furnish,  equip,  form,  construct. 
msuetus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  unusual. 
msula,  -ae,  f.  island. 
integer,  -gra,  -grum,  adj.  fresh, 

sound,  untouched,  unbroken. 
intellego,  3,  -16x1,  -Iectus,  per- 
ceive,  understand,  find  out, 

learn. 
inter,   prep,   between,    among; 

inter  se,   together,   with  one 

another. 
intercludd,  3,  -usl,  -usus,  shut 

up,  cut  off. 


166 


VOCABULARY. 


interdic5,  3,  -dixi,  -dictus,  for- 
bid, exclude,  prohibit. 

interdum,  adv.  sometimes,  now 
and  then. 

interea,  adv.  meanwhile. 

interficio,  3,  -feel,  -fectus,  kill, 
destroy. 

interior,  adj.  comp.  inner. 

intermitto,  3,  -nils!,  -missus, 
leave  off,  interrupt;  pass. 
elapse,  intervene. 

interpono,  3,  -posm,  -positus, 
place  between;  pass,  lie  be- 
tween, intervene. 

interrogo,  1,  question. 

interrumpd,  3,  -rupl,  -ruptus, 
break  up,  break  off. 

intersum,  -esse,  -ful.  be  between, 
intervene. 

intervallum,  -1,  n.  space  between, 
interval. 

intra,  prep,  within,  inside. 

intro,  1,  enter,  go  into. 

introitus,  -us,  m.  going  in,  en- 
trance. 

intueor,  2,  -itus,  look  upon,  gaze 
at,  behold. 

inundo,  1,  overflow,  inundate, 
cover. 

inutilis,  -e,  adj.  useless,  un- 
serviceable. 

invenid,  4,  -veni,  -ventus,  come 
upon,  find,  discover. 

inventor,  -oris,  m.  contriver, 
inventor. 

invicem,  adv.  in  turn,  alter- 
nately. 

invideo,  2,  -vldi,  -visus,  envy, 
grudge. 

invidia,  -ae,  f.  erfcy,  hatred. 

invito,  1,  invite,  urge  to  en- 
ter. 

invitus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  unwilling, 
reluctant. 

invoco,  1,  call  upon,  invoke. 

iocosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  witty, 
funny,  fond  of  jest. 


iocus,  -I,  m.  pi.  also  ioca,  -drum, 
n.  jest,  joke. 

Johannes,  -is,  m.  John. 

lole,  -es,  f.  lole. 

ipse,  -a,  -um,  pron.  self,  very. 

ira,  -ae,  f.  anger,  rage. 

iracundus,  -a, -urn,  adj.  passion- 
ate. 

irascor,  3,  iratus,  be  angry,  en- 
raged or  furious. 

iratus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  angry,  en- 
raged. ' 

is,  ea,  id,  pron.  that,  this,  he, 
she,  it. 

iste,  ista,  istud,  pron.  that  near 
you,  that  of  yours,  that. 

ita,  adv.  so,  thus. 

Italia,  -ae,  f.  Italy. 

itaque,  conj.  and  so,  therefore, 
accordingly. 

iter,  itineris,  n.  journey,  road. 

iterum,  adv.  again,  once  more. 

Ithaca,  -ae,  f.  an  island  in  the 
Ionian  sea. 

iubeo,  2,  iussl,  iussus,  order, 
command. 

iucundus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  pleasant, 
jovial. 

iudex,  -icis,  m.  and  f.  judge. 

iudico,  1,  judge,  decide,  declare. 

iugum,  -I,  n.  yoke. 

lulius,  -1,  m.  Julius. 

iumentum,  -i,  n.  beast  of  burden. 

iungo,  3,  ifmxl,  iunctus,  join, 
yoke,  cross. 

luppiter,  lovis,  m.  Jupiter, 
king  of  the  gods. 

iuris-consultus,  -I,  m.  lawyer. 

ius,  iuris,  n.  law,  right,  privilege. 

ius,  iuris,  n.  soup. 

iusiurandum,  iurisiurandi,  n. 
oath. 

(iussus,  -us),  m.  only  abl.  sing., 
command,  order. 

iusta,  -orum,  n.  funeral  rites. 

iustus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  just,  right, 
proper. 


VOCABULARY. 


167 


iuvenis,    -is,    adj.   young;    as 
noun,  m.  youth,  young  man. 

iuvo,  1,  iuvl,  iutus,  help,  aid, 
assist. 

iuxta,  adv.  and  prep,  nearly, 
near. 

L. 

labor,  -oris,  m.  labor,  toil,  work, 

effort,  exertion. 
labor,  3,  lapsus,  glide,  slip. 
laboro,  1,  work,  toil. 
labrum,  -I,  n.  lip. 
lac,  lactis,  n.  milk. 
lacrima,  -ae,  f.  tear. 
lacus,  -us,  m.  lake,  pond. 
laetitia,  -ae,  f.  joy,  gladness. 
laetus,   -a,   -um,    adj.   joyful, 

glad,  delighted. 
lambd,  3,  -bi,  -bitus,  lick. 
lamenta,   -oram,    n.    wailing, 

weeping,  lamentation. 
languidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  faint, 

languid. 

lapis,  -idis,  m.  stone. 
lassitude,   -inis,    f.    faintness, 

weariness,  fatigue. 
latebrae,  -arum,  f .  hiding-place, 

retreat. 
lateo,  2,  -ui,  — ,  lie  hid,  escape 

notice. 

Latinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  Latin. 
latratus,  -us,  m.  barking,  bark, 

yelp. 

latro,  -onis,  in.  robber. 
latus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  broad,  wide. 
latus,  -eris,  n.  side. 
laudo,  1,  praise,  honor. 
laus,  laudis,  f.  praise,  flattery. 
lavo,  1,  -avi,  -atus,  and  3,  lav!, 

lautus  and  lotus,  wash,  bathe. 
laxo,  1,  unloose,  relax. 
lectus,  -i,  m.  bed,  couch. 
legatus,  -1,  m.  officer,  lieutenant. 
lego,   3,    legi,    lectus,    collect, 

choose,  read. 
lenid,  4,  soften. 


lenis,  -e,  adj.  soft,  smooth,  light, 
mild. 

led,  -onis,  m.  lion. 

levis,  -e,  adj.  smooth,  polished. 

levis,  -e,  adj.  light. 

leviter,  adv.  lightly. 

levo,  1,  lighten. 

lex,  legis,  f.  law. 

libenter,  adv.  gladly,  with  pleas- 
ure. 

liberal itas,  -atis,  f.  liberality, 
generosity. 

liberi,  -drum,  m.  children. 

libero,  I,  free,  set  free,  deliver. 

llbertas,  -atis,  f.  liberty,  free- 
dom. 

libum,  -I,  n.  cake. 

Libya,  -ae,  f.  Libya. 

licet,  2,  -cuit,  -citum,  impers. 
it  is  allowed  or  permitted. 

lictor,  -oris,  m.  lictor,  the 
consul's  servant. 

ligneus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  wooden. 

lignum,  -i,  n.  wood. 

ligo,  1,  bind,  fasten. 

Hmen,  -inis,  n.  threshold. 

limus,  -I,  m.  mud,  slime. 

lingua,  -ae,  f.  tongue. 

linum,  -i,  n.  linen,  thread,  cord. 

littera,  -ae,f .  letter;  pi.  language. 

litus,  -oris,  n.  shore,  beach. 

loco,  1,  place,  post,  put. 

loculi,  -orum,  m.  picrse. 

locus,  -1,  m.  place,  spot,  region. 

Londinium,  -I,  n.  London. 

longe,  adv.  far. 

longus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  long;  na- 
vis,  ship  of  war. 

loquax,  -acis,  adj.  talkative. 

loquor,  3,  locutus,  dep.  speak, 
talk,  say. 

lotus,  -I,  f.  lotus. 

Loxias,  -ae,  m.  Loxias. 

lubricus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  slippery, 
slimy,  muddy. 

lucerna,  -ae,  f.  lamp,  lantern, 

lucide,  adv.  clearly,  distinctly. 


168 


VOCABULARY. 


Lucius,  -I,  m.  Lucius. 

lucrum,  -I,  n.  riches,  wealth. 

luctor,  1,  strive,  struggle,  con- 
tend. 

ludibrium,  -I,  n.  jest,  taunt, 
mockery. 

ludo,  3,  -si,  -siis,  play,  gamble, 
deceive. 

Ludovicus,  -I,  m.  Louis. 

ludus,  -I,  m.  game,  sport,  school. 

lumen,  -inis,  n.  light,  rays. 

lima,  -ae,  f.  moon. 

lupus,  -!,  m.  wolf. 

lustro,  1,  wander  over,  observe, 
gaze  at,  look  at. 

lutum,  -1,  n.  mud,  mire. 

lux,  lucis,  f.  light. 

luxus,  -us,  m.  luxury,  enjoyment. 

Lycus,  -I,  m.  Lycus. 

Lyddn,  -onls,  m.  Lydon. 

lyra,  -ae,  f.  lyre. 

Lysander,  -drl,  m.  Lysander. 

M. 

Macedo,  -onis,  m.  Macedonian. 

macte,  well  done!  good!  (vir- 
tute),  a  blessing  on  your 
virtue  I 

macto,  1,  sacrifice,  offer. 

maculo,  1,  spot,  stain,  soil. 

madefacio,  3,  -feel,  -factus,  wet, 
moisten.  • 

maestus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  sad, 
sorrowful,  dejected. 

magicus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  magic, 
magical. 

magis,  adv.  rather,  more. 

magister,  -trl,  m.  master. 

magistratus,  -us,  m.  magistrate, 
officer. 

magnified",  adv.  grandly,  splen- 
didly, richly. 

magnificentia,  -ae,  f.  splendor, 
grandeur,  elegance. 

magnificus,-a,-um,  adj.  magnif- 
icent, honorable,  splendid,  fine. 


magnitude,  -inis,  f.  size,  great- 
ness. 

magnopere,  adv.  greatly,  ex- 
ceedingly, heartily. 

magnus,  -a,  -um,  great,  large, 
wide,  heavy. 

maiestas,  -atis,  f .  dignity,  great- 
ness. 

maior,  mains,  adj.  greater, 
older. 

male,  adv.  badly,  scarcely,  with 
difficulty;  male  parere,  dis- 
obey. 

maledicO;  3,  -xl,  -dictus,  S2)eak 
ill  of,  abuse,  revile. 

malignus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  ill- 
natured,  malicious. 

malo,  malle,  malul,  — ,  prefer, 
choose. 

malum,  -I,  n.  apple. 

malum,  -I,  n.  evil. 

malus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  bad,  evil, 
improper. 

malus,  -1,  m.  mast. 

mandatum,  -1,  n.  command, 
order,  word. 

mando,  1,  commit,  entrust. 

mane,  adv.  in  the  morning. 

maneo,  2,  -ansi,  -ansus,  remain, 
stay,  wait. 

manifestus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  un- 
mistakable, evident,  plain. 

mansuetudo,  -dinis,  f.  clemency, 
kindness. 

manus,  -us,  f.  hand,  band,  force. 

mare,  -is,  n.  sea. 

margo,  -inis,  m.  edge,  shore. 

marinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of  the 
sea,  sea-. 

maritimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of  the 
sea,  sea-. 

massa,  -ae,  f.  mass,  lump. 

mater,  -tris,  f.  mother. 

matrimonium,  -1,  n.  marriage, 
wedlock. 

mature,  1,  hasten,  hurry,  make 
haste. 


VOCABULARY. 


169 


maturus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  early, 
ripe. 

maxime,  adv.  certainly,  very, 
greatly,  especially,  particu- 
larly. 

maximus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  superl. 
greatest,  very  great,  very 
strong,  etc.  ;  natu,  eldest ; 
quam  maximus,  as  great  as 
possible. 

Medea,  -ae,  f.  daughter  of  Ae- 
etes,  king  of  Colchis. 

medicamentum,  -1,  n.  drug, 
potion. 

medicina,  -ae,  f .  art  of  healing, 
medicine. 

medicus,  -I,  m.  doctor. 

medius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  middle, 
midst  of. 

membrum,  -brl,  n.  limb. 

memini,  -isse,  only  pf.,  remem- 
ber, recollect. 

memor,  -oris,  adj.  mindful. 

memoria,  -ae,  f.  memory;  w. 
teneo,  bear  in  mind,  remem- 
ber. 

mens,  mentis,  f.  mind. 

mensa,  -ae,  f.  table. 

mensis,  -is,  m.  month. 

mentio,  -onis,  f.  mention,  allu- 
sion. 

mentum,  -1,  n.  chin. 

mercator,  -oris,  m.  trader,  mer- 
chant. 

merces,  -edis,  f .  wages,  reward, 
fee. 

Mercurius,  -I,  m.  Mercury,  god 
of  trades. 

mereo,  2,  -ul,  -itus,  deserve,  be 
entitled  to,  merit. 

mergo,  3,  -si,  -sus,  dip,  plunge ; 
w.  se,  sink,  be  swallowed  up. 

meridianus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of 
midday,  of  noon. 

meridies,  — ,  ace.  -em,  midday, 
noon,  south. 

merits,  adv.  deservedly,  justly. 


meritus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  due,  fit, 
right,  proper. 

messis,  -is,  f.  harvest. 

meta,  -ae,  f.  goal,  target. 

metus,  -us,  m.  fear,  dread. 

meus,  -a,  -um,  poss.  pron.  my, 
mine. 

Midas,  -ae,  m.  Midas,  king  of 
Phrygia. 

migrd,  1,  remove,  emigrate, 
depart. 

miles,  -itis,  m.  soldier,  man. 

militaris,  -e,adj.  military,  mar- 
tial, of  war. 

mille,  adj.  thousand,  pi.  mllia ; 
mille  passuum,  mile. 

mina,  -ae,  f .  a  small  silver  coin. 

minae,  -arum,  f.  threats,  men- 
aces. 

Minerva,  -ae,  f.  Minerva,  god- 
dess of  wisdom. 

minime,  adv.  superl.  least  of 
all,  very  little,  by  no  means. 

minimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  superl. 
least,  very  small ;  natu, 
youngest. 

ministro,  1,  attend,  serve,  wait 
upon. 

minitor,  1,  threaten,  menace. 

minor,  -us,  adj.  comp.  smaller, 
less. 

minor,  1,  threaten,  menace. 

minuo,  3,  -ul,  -utus,  lessen, 
diminish,  reduce. 

minus,  adv.  comp.  less,  not  at  all. 

mirabilis,  -e,  adj.  wonderful, 
marvellous,  strange. 

mlraculum,  -i,  n.  wonder,  mir- 
acle. 

miror,  1,  wonder,  admire,  be 
astonished  or  amazed. 

minis,  -a,  -um,  adj.  wonderful, 
extraordinary. 

misceo,  2,  -cui,  mixtus,  mix, 
mingle,  prepare. 

miser,  -era,  -erum,  adj.  wretched, 
miserable,  poor. 


170 


VOCABULARY. 


misere,  adv.  miserably,  sadly. 

misereor,  2,  -itus,  feel  pity,  have 
compassion. 

miseret,  2,  impers.  it  distresses 
one,  one  feels  pity. 

misericordia,  -ae,  f.  pity,  com- 
passion. 

miseritus,  -a,  -urn,  part,  of  mi- 
sereor. 

mitesco,  3,  — ,  — ,  grow  gentle, 
soften. 

mitigo,  1,  soften,  subdue,  refine. 

mitto,  3,  mlsl,  missus,  send, 
despatch. 

modice,  adv.  moderately. 

modicus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  moderate; 
modest,  temperate. 

modo,  adv.  only,  merely,  simply, 
at  one  time,  at  another. 

modus,  -i,  m.  manner,  measure, 
mode. 

molestia,  -ae,  f.  annoyance, 
vexation,  distress. 

molestus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  trouble- 
some, irksome. 

mollis,  -e,  adj.  soft,  tender. 

moneo,  2,  -ui,  -itus,  warn,  advise. 

mons,  mentis,  m.  mountain,  hill. 

monstro,  1,  point  to,  show,  dis- 
play. 

monstrum,  -I,  n.  monster,  pest. 

montanus,  -a,  ,-um,  adj.  moun- 
tain. 

'mora,  -ae,  f.  delay,  hesitation. 

morbus,  -i,  m.  sickness,  disease. 

Morcius,  -I,  m.  Morcius. 

mordeo,  2,  momordl,  morsus, 
bite. 

moribundus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  dying, 
at  the  point  of  death. 

morior,  3,  mortuus,  die. 

moror,  1,  delay,  retard,  hinder. 

mors,  mortis,  f.  death. 

mortalis,  -e,  adj.  deadly,  fatal, 
human,  mortal,  of  men. 

mortifer,  -fera,  ferum,  adj. 
deadly,  fatal. 


mortuus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  dead. 

mos,  moris,  m.  manner,  custom, 
habit,  way;  in  plur.  manners, 
conduct. 

motus,  -us,  m.  motion,  move- 
ment. 

moveo,  2,  movl,  motus,  move, 
rouse,  stir,  inspire,  provoke. 

mox,  adv.  presently,  soon,  after- 
wards. 

mugitus,  -us,  in.  bellowing. 

mulceo,  2,  -si,  -sus,  soothe, 
stroke. 

mulcta,  -ae,  f.  fine,  penalty. 

mulctrarium,  -1,  n.  milking-pail. 

mulier,  -eris,  f.  woman. 

multiplex,  -plicis,  adj.  manifold, 
various. 

multitude,  -inis,  f.  multitude, 
crowd,  number. 

multo,  I,  fine,  punish. 

multum,  adv.  greatly,  a  great 
deal,  much,  long. 

multus,  -a,  -uin,  adj.  many, 
much. 

munio,  4,  build,  fortify,  protect, 
defend. 

munus,  -eris,  n.  gift,  present. 

murus,  -I,  m.  wall. 

mus,  muris,  m.  mouse. 

musca,  -ae,  f.  fly. 

muto,  1,  change,  alter,  exchange. 

Mysia,  -ae,  f.  a  state  of  Asia 
Minor. 

N. 

nam,  conj.  for. 

nanciscor,  3,  nactus,  obtain,  get. 

nares,  -ium,  f .  plur.  nostrils,  nose. 

narro,  1,  narrate,  relate,  tell. 

nascor,  3,  natus,  be  born. 

nasus,  -1,  m.  nose. 

nato,  1,  swim,  move  to  and  fro, 

open  and  shut. 
natu,  adv.  by  birth. 
natura,  -ae,  f.  nature,  character. 


VOCABULARY. 


171 


natus,  -I,  m.  son. 

(natus,  -us),  m.  birth;  maior 
natu,  elder;  see  maximus  and 
minimus. 

naufragium,  -i,  n.  shipwreck, 
loss,  destruction;  facere,  be 
shipwrecked. 

nausea,  -ae,  f.  sea-sickness. 

nauta,  -ae,  m.  sailor. 

nauticus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  naval, 
nautical,  ship-. 

navigatio,  -onis,  f .  sailing,  navi- 
gation, voyage. 

navigo,  1,  sail,  navigate. 

navis,  -is,  f.  ship,  vessel. 

-ne,  interrog.  particle,  whether. 

ne,  conj.  lest,  that  not ;  adv.  not 
ne  .  .  .  quidem,  not  even. 

nee,  conj.  and  not,  neither, 
nor. 

necessario,  adv.  unavoidably* 
inevitably. 

necesse,  adj.  only  nom.  and 
ace.  inevitable,  unavoidable. 

neco,  1,  kill,  put  to  death. 

nefandus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  horrible. 

neglego,  3,  -exi,  -ectus,  dis- 
regard, pass  by,  neglect,  omit. 

negd,  1,  deny,  say  no,  refuse. 

negotium,  -!,  n.  business,  affair, 
task,  charge,  trouble,  effort. 

nemo,  dat.  neminl,  m.  and  f.  no 
one,  nobody ;  Nemo,  Nobody. 

nempe,  adv.  truly. 

nemus,  -oris,  n.  wood,  grove. 

nepos,  -otis,  m.  and  f.  grand- 
son, grand-daughter,  nephew, 
niece. 

neque.     See  nee. 

Nero,  -onis,  Nero. 

nervus,  -I,  m.  sinew,  muscle, 
strength,  nerve. 

nescio,  4,  -ivi,  — ,  not  know,  be 
unaware ;  w.  quis,  some  one, 
a  certain. 

nescius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  ignorant. 

Nessus,  -I,  m.  Nessus. 


nidus,  -i,  m.  nest. 

niger,  -gra,  -grum,  adj.  black. 

nihil,  indecl.  n.  nothing;  foil. 

by  part.  gen.    no;    as  adv. 

in  no  respect,  not  at  all. 
nihilum,   -1,   n.   not   a    shred, 

nothing  ;  gen.  of  no  value. 
nimirum,  adv.  no  wonder,  with- 
out doubt,  certainly. 
nimis,  adv.  too  much. 
nimium,   adv.   too  much,  very 

much,  greatly. 
nisi,  conj.  unless,  if  not. 
msus,  -us,  m.  struggle,  effort. 
nitidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  shining, 

healthy-looking,  sleek,  fat. 
mtor,  3,  nisus,  strive,  push. 
niveus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  snow-white, 

snowy. 

nix,  nivis,  f.  snow. 
nobilis,  -e,  adj.  noble,  well-born; 

as  noun,  m.  noble,  lord. 
noceo,  2,  -cui,  -citurus,  hurt,  do 

harm,  injure. 
noctu,  adv.  by  night. 
nocturnus,    -a,    -um,   adj.    by 

night,  nightly. 
Nola,  -ae,  f.  Nola. 
nolo,  nolle,  nolui,  — ,  be  unwil- 
ling, not  wish. 
no  men,  -inis,  n.  name. 
non,  adv.  not. 
nondum,  adv.  not  yet. 
nonne,  interrog.  particle,  not  ? 
nonnullus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  some, 

several. 
non-numquam,  adv.  sometimes, 

at  times. 

nos,  nostrum,  we  (plur.  of  ego). 
noster,   -stra,   -strum,  possess. 

pron.  our,  ours  ;  pi.  as  noun, 

our  men. 
noto,  1,  mark,  notice,  observe, 

perceive,  see. 
notus,  -a,  -um,    adj.    known, 

well-known,  familiar. 
novem,  num.  adj.  indecl.  nine. 


172 


VOCABULARY. 


no  vitas,  -atis,  f .  newness, strange- 
ness, novelty. 

novus,  -a,  -um,adj.  new,  strange. 

nox,  noctis,  f.  night. 

noxia,  -ae,  f.  harm,  hurt. 

nubes,  -is,  f.  cloud. 

nubo,  3,  -psi,  -plus,  marry ; 
lit.  put  on  the  wedding  veil. 

nudo,  1,  strip,  lay  bare. 

nudus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  naked, 
bare. 

nullus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  none,  no. 

num,  interrog.  particle,  whether. 

numero,  1,  count,  number,  pay. 

numerus,  -1,  m.  number. 

nummus,  -1,  m.  coin,  money. 

numquam,  adv.  never,  at  no 
time. 

numquid,  interrog.  adv.  is  there 
anything  ? 

nunc,  adv.  now,  at  the  present 
time. 

nuntid,  1,  announce,  tell. 

nuntius,  -i,  m.  messenger,  news, 
tidings. 

nuper,  adv.  lately,  recently. 

nuptiae,  -arum,  f.  plur.  wed- 
ding, nuptials. 

nurus,  -us,  f .  daughter-in-law. 

nutrix,  -icis,  f.  nurse. 

mix,  nucis,  f.  nut. 

nympha,  -ae,  f.  nymph. 

O. 

6,  exclamation,  O! 

ob,  prep,  on  account  of. 

obduco,  3,  -xi,  -ductus,  draw 
over,  cover,  overspread. 

obicio,  3,  -ieci,  -iectus,  throw  to, 
give  up,  cast  in  the  way,  ex- 
pose. 

obiurgd,  1,  chide,  rebuke,  re- 
prove, blame. 

oblatus.    See  offero. 

oblino,  3,  -levl,  -litus,  smear 
over,  anoint. 


oblitus,  -a,  -um,  part,  from  obll- 
vlscor,  forgetful,  unmindful. 

obliviscor,  3,  -litus,  forget. 

oboediens,  -entis,  adj.  com- 
pliant, obedient. 

obscuro,  1,  darken,  cover. 

obscurus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  dark, 
black. 

obsecro,  1,  implore,  beseech, 
pray,  beg. 

obsero,  1,  lock,  bolt. 

observe,  1,  observe,  watch. 

obses,  -idis,  m.  and  f.  hostage. 

obsideo,  2,  -sedi,  -sessus,  besiege, 
beset,  lay  siege  to. 

obsoletus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  decayed, 
worn  out,  shabby,  mean,  poor. 

obstruo,  3,  -uxl,  -uctus,  build 
up,  barricade,  bar. 

obstupefacio,  3,  -feel,  -factus, 
astonish,  amaze,  astound. 

obtego,  3,  -exi,  -ectus,  cover  up, 
protect,  hide,  conceal. 

obtestor,  1,  entreat,  implore, 
beseech. 

obtined,  2,  -tinul,  -tentus,  pos- 
sess, gain,  hold,  occupy. 

obviam,  adv.  to  meet;  before 
one,  in  face  of. 

obvius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  in  the  way, 
meeting,  to  meet. 

occasio,  -onis,  f.  opportunity, 
chance,  favorable  moment. 

occasus,  -us,  m.  going  down, 
setting,  sunset,  west. 

occid5,  3,  -cidl,  -casus,  perish, 
die. 

occido,  3,  -cldl,  -clsus,  kill,  put 
to  death. 

occuld,  3,  -cului,  -cultus,  cover, 
hide. 

occulto,  1,  hide,  conceal. 

occultus,  -a,  -um,  part,  con- 
cealed, hidden;  in  occulto, 
in  secret. 

occumbo,  3,  -cubul,  -cubitum, 
fall  in  death,  die. 


VOCABULARY. 


173 


occupo,  1,  seize,  hold,  take  pos- 
session of. 

occurro,  3,  -curri,  -cursus,  meet, 
run  up,  appear,  come  upon. 

oceanus,  -I,  in.  ocean. 

octo,  indec.  adj.  eight. 

oculus,  -I,  m.  eye. 

odium,  -1,  n.  hatred,  enmity. 

odor,  -oris,  m.  smell. 

odoror,  1,  smell,  smell  out, 
scent. 

Oechalia,  -ae,  f.  Oechalia. 

offendo,  3,  -dl,  -ensus,  strike 
upon,  hit  upon,  offend,  vex. 

offero,  offerre,  obtuli,  oblatus, 
present,  offer,  expose. 

officma,  -ae,  f .  workshop,  labora- 
tory. 

officium,  -I,  n.  duty,  service. 

oleum.  -I,  n.  oil. 

olim,  adv.  once  upon  a  time, 
once,  formerly. 

omitto,  3,  -mis!,  -missus,  pass 
by,  disregard,  omit,  neglect. 

omnmo,  adv.  wholly,  entirely, 
altogether,  absolutely. 

omnis,  -e,  adj.  all,  every;  as 
noun,  m.  pi.  everybody,  n. 
everything. 

onero,  1,  load,  burden. 

•onus,  -eris,  n.  burden. 

onustus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  loaded, 
laden,  freighted. 

opera,  -ae,  f.  pains,  task,  help, 
exertion,  effort. 

operio,  4,  -ui,  -pertus,  cover. 

opimus,  -a.  -um,  adj.  wealthy, 
rich. 

opmio,  -onis,  f.  idea,  opinion, 
belief;  reputation,  renown, 
name. 

oportet,  2,  -uit,  impers.  it  is 
necessary,  one  must,  ought. 

oppidanus,  -I,  in.  townsman. 

oppidum,  -I,  n.  town. 

oppono,  3,  -posui,  -positus,  op- 
pose, resist. 


opportunus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  con- 
venient, suitable. 

opprimo,  3,  -press!,  -pressus, 
overcome,  crush,  surprise. 

oppugno,  1,  attack,  besiege. 

(ops),  opis,  f.  aid;  often  pi. 
power,  might,  influence, 
wealth. 

opto,  1,  wish  for,  hope  for, 
choose. 

opus,  -eris,  n.  work,  labor,  task; 
work,  book. 

ora,  -ae,  f.  shore,  coast. 

oraculum,  -I,  n.  oracle. 

oratio,  -onis,  f.  speech,  words. 

orator,  -oris,  m.  speaker,  orator. 

ordo,  -inis,  m.  row ;  ex  ordine, 
in  succession,  one  after  an- 
other. 

oriens,  -entis,  m.  east  (rising 
sun). 

orior,  4,  ortus,  spring  forth,  rise, 
arise,  begin ;  orta  luce,  at 
daybreak. 

orno,  I,  fit  out,  adorn. 

oro,  1,  beg,  pray,  entreat,  plead. 

Orpheus,  -el,  m.  a  Thracian 
bard. 

os,  oris,  n.  mouth,  face,  lips. 

os,  ossis,  n.  bone. 

ostendo,  3,  -dl,  -tus,  show,  in- 
dicate, make  known,  tell. 

5stium,  -I,  n.  door,  entrance. 

ostrum,  -1,  n.  purple. 

otium,  -!,  n.  ease,  leisure,  holi- 
day. 

ovile,  -is,  n.  sheepfold. 

ovis,  -is,  f.  sheep. 

ovum,  -1,  n.  egg ;  ab  ovo  usque 
ad  mala,  from  beginning  to 
end. 

P. 

pabulum,  -I,  n.  food,  fodder, 

sustenance. 

Padius,  -I,  m.  Padius. 
paene,  adv.  almost,  nearly. 


174 


VOCABULARY. 


palam,  adv.  openly. 
pallium,  -I,  n.  cloak,  mantle. 
palma,  -ae,  f.  palm  (the  tree), 

palm,  prize,  victory. 
palus,  -1,  m.  stake,  bar. 
palus,  -Mis,  f.  marsh,  swamp. 
pando,  3,  -dl,  passus,  spread  out, 

unfold,  open. 
panis,  -is,  in.  bread,  loaf. 
pannosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  ragged, 

tattered. 

Panurgius,  -1,  m.  Panurgius. 
par,    pai-is,    adj.    equal,    like, 

similar. 
paratus,  -a,  -um,   adj.   ready. 

fitted. 
parco,  3,  pepercl  or  parsi,  par- 

sus,  spare,  use  sparingly. 
parcus,  -a,  -um,   adj.   thrifty, 

frugal,  sparing. 
parens,  -entis,  m.  and  f .  parent. 
pared,  2,  -ul,  -itus,  obey. 
paries,  -ietis,  m.  wall. 
pario,  3,  peperi,  partus,  bring 

forth,  produce. 
pariter,   adv.    equally,  in   like 

manner. 
paro,    1,    get   ready,    prepare, 

build. 

pars,  -tis,  1  part,  share,  direc- 
tion, place. 
partim,  adv.  partly. 
parum,  adv.  little,  too  little. 
parumper,  adv.  for  a  short  time, 

a  moment. 
parvus,   -a,   -um,   adj.    small, 

little. 
pasco,   3,   pavl,    pastus,   feed, 

drive  to  pasture,  tend. 
pascor,  3,  pastus,  browse,  feed, 

graze,  support  one's  self. 
passim,  adv.  in  all  directions. 
passus,  -us,  m.  step,  pace;  mille 

passuum,  mile. 
pastor,  -oris,  m.  shepherd. 
patefacio,  3,  -feci,  -factus,  lay 

open,  throw  open. 


pateo,  2,  -ul,  — ,  lie  or  stand 
open,  be  exposed.. 

pater,  -tris,  m.  father. 

paternus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  o/or  be- 
longing to  a  father,  hereditary. 

patiens,  -entis,  adj.  enduring, 
patient. 

patienter,  adv.  patiently,  hum- 
bly. 

patientia,   -ae,    f.    endurance, 
patience. 

patior,  3,  passus,  suffer,  allow, 
permit. 

patria,  -ae,  f.  country,  father- 
land. 

patrimonium,  -I,  n.  inheritance, 
estate. 

patruus,  -i,  m.  uncle. 

paucus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  few;  as 
noun,  pi.  a  few. 

paulatim,  adv.  by  degrees,  grad- 
ually. 

paulisper,  adv.  for  a  little  while. 

paulo,  adv.  a  little,  shortly. 

paulum,  adv.  a  little,  somewhat. 

pauper,    -eris,    adj.    poor;    as 
noun,  m.  a  poor  man. 

paupertas,     -atis,    f.    poverty, 
small  means,  need,  want. 

pavidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  fearful, 
timid. 

pavo,  -onis,  m.  peacock. 

pavor,  -oris,  m.  fear,  alarm. 

pax,  pacis,  f.  peace,  harmony. 

pectus,  -oris,  n.  breast,  soul. 

peculium,  -1,  n.  private  purse, 
property. 

pecunia,  -ae,  f.  money. 

pecus,  -oris,  n.  flock. 

pecus,  -udis,  f.  cattle. 

pedes,  peditis,  m.  foot-soldier. 

Pelias,  -ae,  m.  a  mythical  king 
of  Thessaly. 

pellis,  pellis,  f.  skin,  hide. 

pello,  3,  pepuli,  pulsus,  drive. 

pendeo,  2,  pependi,  — ,  hang, 
hang  down. 


VOCABULARY. 


175 


penetralia,  -ium,  n.  plur.  inte- 
rior, inner  part  of  a  house. 

penna,  -ae,  f.  feather,  wing. 

per,  prep,  through,  throughout, 
by  means  of. 

perago,  3,  -egl,  -actus,  accom- 
plish, complete,  carry  out. 

percipio,  3,  -cepi,  -ceptus,  as- 
sume, feel. 

percurro,  3,  -ri,  -sus,  run  or 
hasten  through,  pass  through. 

percutio,  3,  -cussi,  -cussus, 
strike,  cleave,  crush. 

perdo,  3,  -did!,  -ditus,  lose,  throw 
away,  destroy. 

pereo,  -ire,  -ii,  -itus,  perish,  die. 

pererro,  1,  wander  through. 

perfero,  -ferre,  -tull,  -latus, 
carry  through,  convey,  endure, 
bear. 

perficio,  3,  -feel,  -fectus,  com- 
plete, accomplish,  execute. 

perfidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  treacher- 
ous, faithless,  dishonorable. 

perflo,  1,  — ,  — ,  flow  through 
or  over. 

perforo,  1,  bore,  perforate. 

perfringo,  3,  -fregi,  -fractus, 
break  in  pieces,  shatter,  com- 
pletely wreck. 

perfugio,  3,  -fugi,  — ,  flee  for 
refuge. 

perfugium,  -I,  n.  shelter,  refuge. 

perfungor,  3,  -functiis,  perform, 
fulfil. 

pergo,  3,  perrexl,  perrectus, 
continue,  go  on,  go,  proceed. 

periculosus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  dan- 
gerous. 

periculum,  -I,  n.  danger,  risk. 

peritus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  skilful, 
expert. 

perlustro,  1,  wander  through, 
mew  all  over,  examine  care- 
fully. 

permaneo,  2,  -mansi,  -mansu- 
rus,  remain,  continue,  persist. 


perscribo,  3,  -psl,  -ptus,  write 

at  length,  describe  fully. 
Persae,  -arum,  m.  Persians. 
persolvo,    3,    -solvi,    -solutus, 

release,  pay,  give. 
persona,  -ae,  f.  part,  character. 
persono,  1,  -ul,  — ,  resound,  re- 
echo. 
perspici5,  3,  -exi,  -ectus,  look 

at,  perceive. 
persuadeo,  2,  -si,  -sus,  persuade, 

prevail  upon,  induce. 
perterreo,  2,  — ,  -itus,  frighten 

thoroughly,  frighten. 
pertinacia,  -ae,  f.  perseverance, 

obstinacy,  stubbornness. 
pertinax,  -acis,  adj.  steadfast, 

persistent,  obstinate. 
perturbo,  1,  disturb,  throw  into 

confusion. 
pervenio,    4,     -vem,    -ventus, 

arrive  at,  reach. 
pervicacia,  -ae,  f.  stubbornness, 

inflexibility. 
pes,  pedis,  m.  foot. 
pestis,  -is,  f.  plague. 
peto,  3,  -ivl  or  -ii,  -itus,  seek, 

attack,  aim  at,  make  for,  go  to. 
pharus,  -i,  f.  lighthouse. 
Phasis,  -idis,  f.  a  river  flowing 

into  the  Black  Sea. 
Philippus,  -i,  m.  Philip. 
philosophia,  -ae,  f.  philosophy. 
philosophus,  -i,  m.  philosopher. 
Phlneus,  -ei,  m.  a  blind  king 

of  Thrace. 

Phrixus,  -i,  m.  son  of  Athamas. 
Phrygia,   -ae,    f.    Phrygia,    a 

country  of  Asia  Minor. 
Phyllis,  -idis,  f.  Phyllis. 
pictus,  -a,-um,adj.  embroidered. 
piger,   -gra,   -gruni,   adj.   idle, 

slow,  lazy,  inactive. 
piget,  2,  -uit,  and  -itum  est, 

impers.  it  disgusts,  grieves. 
pinguis,  -e,  adj.  fat,  heavy. 
piscator,  -oris,  m,  fisherman, 


176 


VOCABULARY. 


piscis,  -is,  m.  fish. 

pistor,  -Oris,  m.  baker. 

pix,  picis,  f.  pitch. 

placenta,  -ae,  f.  cake. 

placed,  2,  -cul  or  placitus  sum, 
-citus,  please,  satisfy. 

placide,  adv.  quietly,  calmly. 

place,  1,  calm,  appease. 

plaga,  -ae,  f.  net. 

Plancus,  -i,  m.  Plancus. 

plaudo,  3,  -si,  -sus,  clap  the 
hands,  applaud. 

plaustrum,  -i,  n.  wagon. 

plausus,  -us,  m.  clapping,  ap- 
plause, cheering. 

plebs,  -is,  f.  common  people. 

plenus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  full. 

plerumque,  adv.  of  ten,  frequent- 
ly, for  the  most  part. 

ploro,  1,  bewail,  lament,  grieve. 

plurimus,  -a,  -um,  superl.  adj. 
most,  very  many. 

plus,  adv.  more. 

Plutus,  -I,  m.  Plutus. 

poculum,  -i,  n.  cup. 

poena,  -ae,  f.  penalty,  punish- 
ment; sumo  poenas,  punish ; 
do  poenas,  be  punished. 

poenitet,  2,  -uit,  — ,  impers.  it 
repents. 

poeta,  -ae,  m.  poet,  bard. 

polliceor,  2,  -itus,  promise,  bar- 
gain, engage. 

Polyphemus,  -I,  m.  a  Cyclops. 

Pompeius,  -I,  m.  Pompey. 

pomum,  -i,  n.  apple. 

pondus,  -eris,  n.  weight. 

pono,  3,  posul,  positus,  place, 
put,  fix;  pass,  lie,  rest,  depend. 

pons,  -ntis,  m.  bridge. 

porculus,  -i,  m.  sucking  pig. 

porcus,  -I,  m.  hog,  swine,  pig. 

porrigo,  3,  -rexl,  -rectus,  stretch 
out,  offer. 

porta,  -ae,  f.  gate. 

portentum,  -1,  n.  marvel. 

porto,  1,  carry,  take. 


portus,  -us,  m.  harbor. 

posco,  3,  poposci,  — ,  demand, 
request,  beg  for. 

possum,  posse,  potui,  be  able,  can. 

post,  prep,  after,  behind;  as 
adv.  afterwards,  later. 

postea,  adv.  after  that,  after- 
wards, then. 

(posterus),  -a,  -um,  adj.  next, 
following. 

posthac,  adv.  afterwards,  in 
future. 

postis,  -is,  m.  door-post. 

postquam,  conj.  after  that, 
after. 

postremo,  adv.  at  last,  finally. 

postridie,  adv.  the  day  after,  on 
the  next  day. 

postulo,  1,  ask,  request,  demand. 

potior,  4,  -itus,  obtain,  acquire, 
possess. 

potius,  adv.  rather,  more. 

prae,  prep,  before,  on  account  of. 

praeacutus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  sharp- 
ened at  the  end,  pointed. 

praebeo,  2,  -ul,  -itus,  offer,  fur- 
nish, give,  show. 

praecaveo,  2,  -cavi,  -cautus, 
take  care  or  heed,  be  on  one's 
guard,  beware. 

praeceps,  -cipitis,  adj.  headlong. 

praecipio,  3,  -cepl,  -ceptus, 
take  in  advance,  warn,  antici- 
pate, charge,  order,  bid. 

praecipito,  1,  throw  headfirst, 
hurl  down. 

praecipue,  adv.  chiefly,  more 
than  anything  else. 

praeclarus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  cele- 
brated, famous,  excellent. 

praeda,  -ae,  f.  booty,  prey. 

praedico,  3,  -xi,  -ictus,  foretell, 
predict. 

praeditus,  -a,  -um,  part,  en- 
dowed with. 

praedor,  1,  rob,  plunder. 

praefectus,  -i,  m.  governor. 


VOCABULARY. 


177 


praeficio,  3,  -feel,  -fectus,  set 
over,  place  in  command. 

praelambo,  3,  -bl,  -bitus,  lick 
first. 

praemium,  -I,  n.  reward,  recom- 
pense, favor. 

praemoneo,  2,  -ui,  -itus,  warn 
beforehand. 

praerumpo,  3,  -rupl,  -ruptus, 
break  off. 

praeruptus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  steep. 

praescribo,  3,  -psl,  -ptus,   ap- 

.  point,  advise. 

praescriptum,  -I,  n.  rule,  order. 

praesens,  -entis,  adj.  instant, 
immediate,  present. 

praesentia,  -ae,  f .  presence ;  in 
praesentia,  for  or  at  the  time. 

praesentio,  4,  -sens!,  -sensus, 
feel  beforehand,  have  a  pre- 
sentiment. 

praeses,  -idis,  m.  and  f.  pro- 
tector, guardian. 

praesidium,  -!,  n.  guard,  watch. 

praestans,  -antis,  adj.  remark- 
able, conspicuous. 

praesto,  1,  -iti,  -itus,  stand  be- 
fore, erect,  fulfil,  show. 

praesum,  -esse,  -ful,  super- 
intend, have  charge  of. 

praeter,  prep,  except,  besides. 

praetereo,  -Ire,  -il,  -itus,  go  by, 
pass  by,  escape. 

praeteritus,  -a,  -inn,  adj.  gone 
by,  past. 

praetermitto,  3,  -misi,  -missus, 
let  go,  pass  by,  neglect,  omit, 
lose. 

praetervehor,  3,  -vectus,  ride 
by,  sail  by  or  ahead. 

praetor,  -oris,  m.  praetor,  chief 
magistrate. 

praetorium,  -I,n.  general's  tent. 

pratum,  -I,  n.  meadow,  pasture. 

preces,  -um,  f.  plur.  prayers. 

prehendo,  3,  -di,  -ensusj  grasp, 
seize,  snatch. 


premo,  3,  pressl,  pressus,  press, 
oppress,  check,  curb,  restrain. 

pretiosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  valuable, 
costly,  expensive. 

pretium,  -1,  n.  price,  value. 

pridie,  adv.  on  the  day  before. 

primo,  adv.  at  first,  at  the  begin- 
ning. 

primum,  adv.  first,  in  the  first 
place;  quam  prmmm,  as  soon 
as  possible. 

primus,  -a,  -um,  adj.^rsi,/ore- 
most,  chief. 

princeps,  -cipis,  adj.  foremost, 
chief;  as  noun,  m.  chief, 
prince. 

prior,  prius,  adj.  comp.  before, 
former. 

pristinus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  former, 
early,  previous. 

prius,  adv.  comp.  first,  before. 

priusquam  or  prius  quam,  adv. 
sooner  than,  before. 

privatus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  private. 

privo,  1,  rob,  deprive,  bereave. 

pro,  prep,  before,  for,  in  return 
for,  in  behalf  of. 

probitas,  -atis,  f .  justice,  upright- 
ness. 

probrum,  -I,  n.  disgrace,  re- 
proach. 

probus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  virtuous, 
honest. 

procedo,  3,  -cessl,  — ,  go  for- 
ward, advance. 

procella,-  -ae,  f.  storm,  blast, 
wind. 

procerus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  long, 
extended. 

procul,  adv.  far  off,  far,  a  great 
way. 

procurro,  3,  -cucurrl,  -cursus, 
run  forward. 

prodige,  adv.  extravagantly. 

prodigium,  -1,  n.  marvel,  miracle. 

pr5digus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  wasteful, 
extravagant,  lavish. 


178 


VOCABULARY. 


proditor,  -oris,  m.  traitor. 

prodo,  3,  -did!,  -ditus,  give  forth, 
betray,  deliver  up. 

produce,  3,  -xi,  -uctus,  bring 
forward,  prolong,  extend. 

proelium,  -I,  n.  battle,  engage- 
ment. 

profecti5,  -onis,  f.  going  away, 
setting  out,  departure. 

proficiscor,  3,  profectus,  set  out, 
start,  go  away,  depart. 

profundus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  deep. 

progredior,  3,  -gressus,  advance, 
proceed,  go  on. 

prohibeo,  2,  -ul,  -itus,  prevent, 
hinder,  keep  from. 

proicio,  3,  -ieci,  -iectus,  throw 
forward,  stretch  out,  let  go, 
give  up ;  w.  se,  throw  ewe's 
self,  fall  prostrate. 

proinde,  adv.  accordingly,  there- 
upon, then. 

prolabor,  3,  prolapsus,  fall 
down,  slip. 

proles,  -is,  f.  offspring. 

promissum,  -I,  n.  promise, 
pledge. 

promitto,  3,  -mlsi,  -missus,  en- 
gage, promise,  assure. 

promo,  3,  -mpsl,  -mptus,  take 
out,  bring  forth,  produce. 

promptus,  -a,'-um,  adj.  ready, 
quick. 

propello,  3,  -pull,  -pulsus,  drive 
forward,  propel. 

propero,  1,  hasten,  hurry. 

propinquus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  near, 
neighboring,  near  by. 

propono,  3,  -posul,  -positus,  dis- 
play, offer,  propose,  suggest. 

proprius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  one's 
own,  special,  belonging  to. 

propter,  prep,  near,  hard  by, 
on  account  of,  for. 

prora,  -ae,  f.  prow,  bow. 

prosequor,  3,  -secutus,  follow 
up,  pursue,  continue,  go  on, 


prosilio,  4,  -ul,  — ,  leap  forth, 

spring  up. 
prospere,     adv.      successfully, 

favorably. 
prostratus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  (p.  of 

prosterno),    thrown    to     the 

ground,  cast  down. 
prosum,  prodesse,  -ful,  do  good 

to,  benefit,  serve. 
protinus,  adv.  forthwith,  direct- 
ly, at  once. 
proveho,  3,  -vexl,  -vectus,  carry 

forward;  pass,  advance,  pro- 
ceed, progress. 

provoco,  1,  challenge,  invite. 
provolo,  I,  fly  forth. 
provolvo,   3,    -volvl,   -volutus, 

roll  forward. 
proximus,  -a,  -um,  superl.  adj. 

last,  nearest,  next. 
prudentia,    -ae,    f.    prudence, 

foresight. 

publicus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  public. 
pudet,   2,  -uit,  — ,    impers.   it 

shames. 

pudicus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  modest. 
pudor,  -oris,  m.  shame,  modesty. 
puella,  -ae,  f.  girl. 
puer,  -I,  m.  boy. 
piigna,  -ae,  f .  fight,  battle. 
pugno,  I,  fight,  contend. 
pugnus,  -I,  m.fist.. 
pulcher,    -chra,    -chrum,    adj. 

fair,  pretty,  beautiful. 
pullus,  -I,  m.  chicken,  young. 
pulso,  1,  beat,  knock. 
pulvis,  -eris,  m.  dust. 
punctus,  -us,  m.  prick,  sting. 
pungo,    3,     pupugi,     punctus, 

prick,  pierce. 
punio,  4,  punish,  chastise. 
purgo,  1,  excuse,  clear. 
purpureus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  purple. 
puteus,  -!,  m.  well,  pit. 
puto,  1,  think,  consider,  believe. 
putridus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  rotten, 
1   decayed. 


VOCABULARY. 


179 


Q 

qua,  adv.  where. 

quadrigae,  -arum,  f.  plur.  four- 
horse  chariot. 

quaero,  3,  -slvi,  -situs,  seek, 
hunt  for,  inquire,  ask. 

quaeso,  3,  — ,  — ,  pray,  beg, 
beseech. 

qualis,  -e,  pron.  of  what  sort, 
what. 

quam,  adv.  how,  as;  with  com- 
parative, than ;  with  superla- 
tive, as  possible;  quam  celer- 
rime,  as  quickly  as  possible. 

quamobrem,  adv.  on  which  ac- 
count, why,  therefore. 

quamquam,  adv.  although. 

quantum,  adv.  how  far,  to  what 
extent,  how. 

quantus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  how 
great  ?  w.  tantus,  so  great 
...  as. 

quartus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  fourth. 

quasi,  adv.  as  if,  just  as  if. 

quattuor,  adj.  four. 

-que,  conj.  and. 

quercus,  -us,  f.  oak. 

querela,  -ae,  f.  complaint. 

queror,  3,  questus,  complain. 

questus,  -us,  m.  complaint. 

qui,  quae,  quod,  interrog.  adj. 
who  ?  which  ?  what  ? 

qui,  quae,  quod,  rel.  pron.  who, 
which. 

quia,  conj.  because. 

quicumque,  pron.  whoever. 

quidam,  quaedam,  quoddarn  or 
quiddam,  pron.  a  certain 
man. 

quidem,  adv.  indeed;  ne  qui- 
dem,  not  even. 

quies,  -etis,  f .  rest,  freedom. 

quin,  conj.  but  that,  from. 

quingenti,  -ae,  -a,  num.  adj. 
five  hundred. 

quinquaginta,  num.  adj.  fifty. 


qumque,  num.  adj.  five. 

quis,   quae,  quid,  pron.  who  ? 

what  ?   w.   si  or  ne,   indef. 

any  one,  any. 
quisquam,  — ,  quid (quic) quam, 

indef.    pron.    any    one,   any 

one  at  all. 
quisque,  quaeque,  quodque,  or 

quicque,  pron.  each. 
quo,  adv.  whither. 
quod,  conj.  because. 
quomodo,  adv.  how?    in  what 

manner  ? 
quondam,   adv.    once   upon  a 

time,  formerly. 
quoque,  conj.  also. 
quot,  adj.  indecl,  how  many? 

as. 
quotiens,  adv.  as  often  as,  as 

many  times  as. 


radicitus,    adv.    by  the  roots, 

utterly. 

radius,  -I,  m.  ray. 
radix,  -Icis,  f.  root. 
ramus,  -!,  m.  branch. 
rapidus,   -a,    -um,   adj.   swift, 

rushing,  quick. 
rap  ma,  -ae,  f.  robbery,  plunder, 

rapine. 
rapio,    3,    -ul,    raptus,    seize, 

snatch  up,  carry  off. 
raptim,  adv.  hurriedly,  hastily. 
rapum,  -I,  n.  turnip. 
ratio,  -onis,  f.  reason,  method, 

plan,  way,  manner. 
ratis,  -is,  f.  ship,  raft. 
raucus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  hoarse, 

discordant. 
recedo,  3,  -eessi,  -cessus,  retire, 

go  back,  give  up. 
recenseo,   2,   -sul,   — ,   review, 

muster,  survey. 
recessus,  -us,  m.  corner,  inner 

room. 


180 


VOCABULARY. 


recipio,   3,   -c6pl,   -ceptus,  re- 
cover, regain;  w.  se,  retreat, 

withdraw ;  animum  recipere, 

to  recover  the  senses. 
recreo,  1,  refresh,  revive,  restore. 
recte,  adv.  rightly,  justly. 
rectus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  in  a  straight 

line,  straight,  direct. 
recumbo,  3,  -cubui,  — ,  lie  down, 

sink  down. 
recupero,  1,  recover,  regain,  be 

restored  to. 
recurro,  3,  -currl,  — ,  run  back, 

retire,   return    (to),    w.    ad, 

rejoin. 

recuso,  1,  refuse,  decline,  reject. 
reddo,   3,    -did!,    -ditus,    give, 

give  back,  render,  restore. 
redeo,  -Ire,  -ii,  -itus,  go  back, 

return. 
redigo,  3,  -egl,  -actus,  reduce, 

compel,  force,  bring. 
reditus,  -us,  m.  return. 
reduc5,  3,  -xl,  -ductus,  bring 

back,  restore,  bring. 
redux,  reducis,  adj.   returned, 

come  back. 
refer5,  referre,  rettull,  relatus, 

relate,  refer,  bring  back,  re- 
turn, repay;  pedem,  retreat, 

withdraw. 
reficio,  3,  -feel,  -fectus,  repair, 

regain,  restore,  renew. 
refugio,  3,  -f Cigl,  — ,  turn  back, 

flee  for  refuge. 
refulgeo,  2,  -si,  — ,  shine,  gleam, 

glisten. 

regia,  -ae,  f.  palace. 
regma,  -ae,  f.  queen. 
regid,  -onis,  f.  country,  district, 

land. 
regius,    -a,    -um,    adj.    royal, 

king's. 

regno,  1,  rule,  reign,  govern. 
regnum,  -I,  n.  kingdom,  throne. 
rego,  3,  rexl,  rectus,  rule,  reign, 

govern. 


regredior,  3,  regressus,  go  back, 
return. 

reicio,  3,  -led,  -iectus,  throw  or 
send  back. 

relego,  1,  banish,  expel. 

relinquo,  3,  -IquI,  -ictus,  leave, 
abandon. 

reliquus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  remain- 
ing ;  as  noun,  m.  pi.  the  rest, 
those  remaining. 

remedium,  -I,  n.  remedy,  cure. 

remigo,  1,  — ,  — ,  ply  the  oar, 
row. 

remitto,  3,  -misi,  -missus,  send 
back,  remit,  remove,  pardon, 
forgive. 

removed,  2,  -movl,  -niotus, 
move  back,  pass.,  withdraw, 
pass,  disappear. 

remus,  -I,  m.  oar. 

renovo,  1,  renew. 

renuntio,  1,  report,  declare,  an- 
nounce. 

repello,  3,  -ppull,  -pulsus,  drive 
away,  cast  down,  deprive. 

repente,  adv.  suddenly,  unex- 
pectedly. 

reperio,  4,  repperl,  repertus, 
find,  discover,  devise. 

repertor,  -oris,  m.  discoverer, 
inventor. 

repeto,  3,  -IvI,  -Itus,  seek  again, 
resume,  exact,  return  to. 

repleo,  2,  -evl,  -etus,  Jill  up,  fill 
to  the  brim. 

repono,  3,  -posul,-positus,  replace, 
restore,  put  away,  store,  keep. 

reporto,  1,  carry  back,  gain, 
carry  off. 

repudio,  1,  put  away,  separate 
from,  cast  off. 

repugno,  I,  fight  against,  resist. 

requies,  -etis,  f.  rest,  quiet. 

requiesco,  3,  -evl,  -etus,  rest. 

res,  rei,  f.  thing,  matter,  cir- 
cumstance, condition ;  as  adv. 
re  vera,  in  truth,  really. 


VOCABULARY. 


181 


resero,  1,  unlock,  open. 
resided,  2,  -sedl,  — ,  remain,  be 

left,  stay. 

resisto,  3,  -stiti,  — ,  make  op- 
position, resist,  oppose. 
resono,   1,  -avl,  — ,    resound, 

echo. 

responded,  2,  -dl,  -sus,  answer. 
responsum,  -I,  n.  answer,  advice, 

oracle. 

respublica,  rel-publicae,  f.  state. 
respuo,   3,    -ui,   — ,    spit  out, 
•    reject,  refuse. 
restituo,  3,  -ui,  -utus,  restore, 

replace,  reestablish. 
resurgo,  3,  -surrexl,  -surrectus, 

rise  again,  be  revived. 
retineo,  2,  -tinui,  -tentus,  hold 

back,  detain,  restrain,  prevent. 
reus,  -1,  m.  prisoner,  culprit. 
revenio,  4,  -veni,  -ventus,  come 

back,  return. 

re  vera,  in  truth.     See  res. 
revertor,  3,  -versus,  turn  back, 

come  back,  return. 
rex,  regis,  m.  king. 
Rhenus,  -I,  m.  Ehine. 
Ricardus,  -I,  m.  Richard. 
rideo,  2,  risl,  rlsus,  laugh  at, 

laugh. 

rigeo,  2,  — ,  — ,  be  numb,  stiffen. 
rigidus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  stiff,  hard, 

rough. 

rima,  -ae,  f.  crack,  chink. 
ripa,  -ae,  f.  bank,  shore. 
risus,  -us,  m.  laugh,  laughter. 
rixor,  1,  quarrel,  dispute. 
Robertus,  -I,  in.  Robert. 
robur,  -oris,  n.  hardwood,  oak. 
rodo,  3,  -si,  -sus,  gnaw. 
rogo,  1,  ask,  inquire. 
rogus,  -I,  m.  funeral  pile,  pyre. 
Rollo,  -onis,  m.  Rollo. 
Romanus,  -a, -um,  adj.  Roman; 

as  noun,  m.  the  Romans. 
Roscius,  -I,  m.  Roscius. 
roseus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  rosy. 


rostrum,-!,  n.  beak. 

rumpo,  3,  rupi,  ruptus,  break, 

burst . 
ruo,.  3,  nil,  rutus  or  ruitus,  rush 

forth,  rush. 
riipes,  -is,  f.  rock,  cliff. 
riirsus,  adv.  back  again,   once 

more,  again. 
riis,  ruris,  n.  country. 
riisticus,  -a,  -um,  adj.   of  the 

country,  country-;  as  noun, 

m.  countryman,  peasant. 


saccus,  -1,  m.  sack,  bag. 
sacer,  -era,  -crum,  adj.   holy, 

sacred;     as    noun,     m.     pi. 

sacred  rites. 

sacerdos,  -dotis,  m.  and  f.  priest. 
sacra.     See  sacer. 
sacrificium,  -1,  n.  sacrifice. 
saepe,  adv.  often,  frequently. 
saevus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  cruel,  sav- 
age, fierce. 

sagitta,  -ae,  f.  arrow. 
Sagittarius,  -1,  m.  archer. 
Salmydessus,  -1,  f.  a  town  in 

Thrace, 
saltern,    adv.   at  least,   at   all 

events,  anyhow. 
salto,  1,  jump,  dance. 
(saltus,  -us)  m.  leap,  bound. 
saltus,  -us,  m.  wood,  glade. 
salubris,    -bre,    adj.     healthy, 

sound. 
salus,  -utis,  f.  health,   safety, 

welfare. 

saluto,  1,  greet,  welcome. 
salve,  good-day,  welcome. 
(salveo),  2,  — ,  —,  be  well;  sal- 

vere  iubeo,  welcome. 
salvus,  -a,  -um,   adj.   unhurt, 

well,  safe,  sound. 
sanguineus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  bloody. 
sanguis,  -inis,  m.  blood. 
sano,  1,  cure,  heal. 


182 


VOCABULARY. 


sanus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  healthy,  well. 

sapiens,  -entis,  adj.  wise,  dis- 
creet, sensible. 

sapientia,  -ae,  f .  wisdom,  knowl- 
edge, intelligence. 

Sarracenus,  -1,  m.  Saracen. 

sartor,  -oris,  m.  cobbler. 

satis,  adv.  enough. 

satyrus,  -i,  m.  satyr. 

saucius,  -a,  -uin,  adj.  wounded. 

saxum,  -1,  n.  stone,  rock. 

scando,  3,  -di,  -ansus,  climb. 

scapha,  -ae,  f .  light  boat,  skiff. 

sceleratus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  wicked, 
impious. 

scelus,  -eris,  n.  crime,  wicked- 
ness. 

scientia,  -ae,  f.  knowledge,  ex- 
perience, skill. 

scindo,  3,  (-id!),  -issus,  tear, 
separate,  cut. 

scio,  4,  -ivi,  -itus,  know,  under- 
stand, perceive. 

scipio,  -onis,  m.  stick. 

scopulus,  -I,  m.  rock,  cliff,  ledge. 

Scoti,  -orum,  m.  Scots. 

scribo,  3,  -psl,  -ptus,  write;  (of 
troops),  levy. 

scriptor,  -oris,  m.  writer,  author. 

scrutor,  1,  examine  carefully. 

Scythia,  -ae,  f.  Scythia. 

se,  pron.  reflex,  himself,  her- 
self, itself,  themselves;  inter 
se,  one  another.  See  sul. 

secedo,  3,  -cessi,  -cessus,  go 
apart  or  away,  wander,  stray. 

secundum,  prep,  after,  along, 
according  to. 

secundus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  second, 
favorable,  successful. 

securis,  -is,  f.  axe. 

securus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  careless, 
safe. 

secus,  adv.  otherwise. 

sed,  conj.  but. 

sedeo,  2,  sedl,  sessum,  sit,  be 
seated. 


sedes,  -is,  f.  seat,  dwelling. 

seditio,  -onis,  f.  revolt,  quarrel. 

seditiosus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  mu- 
tinous. 

sedulus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  careful, 
zealous. 

seges,  -etis,  f.  corn-field. 

segnis,  -e,  adv.  slow,  slothful. 

segnitia,  -ae,  f.  slowness. 

semel,  adv.  once. 

semianimis,  -e,  adj.  half-dead. 

semianimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  half- 
dead,  half-alive. 

semper,  adv.  ever,  always. 

senectus,  -tutis,  f.  old  age. 

senex,  senis,  adj.  old,  aged;  as 
noun,  m.  old  man. 

sensus,  -us,  in.  feeling,  opinion, 
view,  consciousness. 

sententia,  -ae,  f .  intention,  mind, 
purpose,  desire,  wish. 

sentio,  4,  sensl,  sensus,  feel, 
see,  notice,  perceive. 

sepelio,  4,  sepellvi,  sepultus, 
bury,  inter. 

septem,  num.  adj.  seven. 

septentriones,  -um,  m.  north. 

septimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  seventh. 

sepulcrum,  -i,  n.  tomb,  burial- 
place. 

sepultura,  -ae,  f.  burial. 

sequor,  3,  secutus,  follow,  give 
chase,  pursue. 

serenus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  clear, 
calm,  unruffled. 

sermo,  -onis,  m.  conversation, 
talk,  discourse ;  serere  ser- 
monem,  talk,  converse. 

sero,  3,  sevi,  satus,  sow;,  plant. 

sero,  3,  — ,  sertus,  sew,  bind,  join. 

sero,  adv.  late. 

serpens,  -entis,  f .  serpent,  snake. 

servo,  1,  keep,  save,  preserve. 

servus,  -T,  m.  slave,  servant. 

seu,  conj.  whether. 

severus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  stern,  se- 
vere. 


VOCABULARY. 


183 


sex,  num.  adj.  six. 

sexcenti,  -ae,  -a,  adj.  six  hun- 
dred. Used  of  any  large 
number,  thousands. 

si,  conj.  if,  in  case. 

sic,  adv.  so,  thus. 

Sicilia,  -ae,  f.  Sicily. 

sicut  or  sicutl,  just  as,  as. 

signum,  -I,  n.  sign,  standard. 

silens,  -entis,  adj.  silent,  still. 

silenter,  adv.  silently,  quietly. 

sileo,  2,  -ul,  — ,  be  silent,  be 
still. 

silva,  -ae,  f .  wood,  forest. 

silvestris,  -e,  adj.  woody,  wood- 
land. 

simia,  -ae,  f.  monkey. 

simius,  -I,  in.  monkey. 

simul,  adv.  together,  at  same 
time;  w.  ac,  as  sow  as. 

simulo,  1,  pretend,  feign,  rep- 
resent, imitate. 

sine,  prep,  without. 

singillatim,  adv.  singly,  one  by 
one. 

singularis,  -e,  adj.  remarkable. 

singuli,  -ae,  -a,  adj.  one  to  each, 
one  apiece,  each. 

sino,  3,sivl,  situs,  alhw,  permit. 

Sinon,  -onis,  m.  Sinon. 

sinus,  -us,  m.  b^s^m. 

sisto,  3.  stitl,  status,  stop,  stay, 
check. 

sitiens,  -entis,  adj.  thirsty. 

sitis,  -is,  f.  thirst. 

sive,  conj.  whether;  slve  seu, 
whether  ...  or. 

societas,  -atis,  f .  alliance,  league. 

socius,  -1,  m.  ally,  partner,  com- 
panion. 

sol,  solis,  m.  sun. 

solea,  -ae,  f.  shoe. 

soleo,  2,  -itus,  semi-dep.  be 
wont,  be  accustomed. 

Solimanus,  -I,  m.  Soliman. 

solitus,  -a,  -urn,  part,  soleo. 

solium,  -1,  n.  throne. 


sollemnis,  -e,  adj.  solemn,  ap- 
pointed, common. 

sollicitudo,  -inis,  f.  anxiety, 
care. 

sollicitus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  anxious, 
disturbed,  troubled. 

solum,  adv.  only. 

solum,  -1,  n.  soil,  ground. 

solus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  alone,  only. 

solvo,  3,  solvl,  solutus,  loose, 
unbind,  weigh  anchor,  set  sail, 
pay. 

somnium,  -I,   n.  dream. 

somnus,  -1,  m.  sleep. 

sonitus,  -us,  m.  sound,  noise. 

sono,  1,  -ul,  -itus,  sound,  make 
a  noise. 

sonorus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  noisy, 
loud,  resounding. 

sonus,  -I,  m.  sound,  noise. 

sopor,  -oris,  m.  sleep,  slumber. 

sordidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  dirty, 
unclean,  foul. 

soror,  -oris,  f.  sister. 

sors,  -rtis,  f.  lot,  drawing  of  lot, 
decision. 

sortior,  4,  cast  lots,  draw  lots. 

spargo,  3,  -si,  -sus,  strew,  scat- 
ter, sprinkle. 

Spartacus,  -i,  m.  Spartacus. 

spatium,  -I,  n.  space,  distance. 

species,  -el,  f.  figure,  kind,  ap- 
pearance. 

spectaculum,  -1,  n.  sight. 

specto,  1,  look  at,  look,  face, 
front. 

spelunca,  -ae,  f.  cave,  cavern, 
den. 

sperno,  3,  sprevl,  spretus,  de- 
spise, reject,  scorn. 

spero,  1,  hope,  expect. 

spes,  -el,  f.  hope. 

spiritus,  -us,  m.  breath. 

splendide,  adv.  magnificently. 

splendidus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  splen- 
did, fine,  handsome,  magnif- 
icent. 


184 


VOCABULARY. 


spolio,  1,  rob,  deprive,  steal. 

(spons,  -ontis),  f.  only  abl. 
sing.  ;  w.  sua,  of  one's  own 
accord,  voluntarily. 

sponsa,  -ae,  f.  betrothed,  sweet- 
heart. 

sponsus,  -I,  m.  betrothed,  lover. 

spuma,  -ae,  f.  foam,  lather. 

stabulum,  -1,  n.  stable,  stall. 

stagnum,  -1,  n.  pond. 

statim,adv.  immediately,  at  once. 

static,  -onis,  f.  position,  post, 
picket-duty. 

statuo,  3,  -ui,  -utus,  stop,  halt, 
decide,  conclude,  determine. 

stella,  -ae,  f.  star. 

sto,  1,  stetl,  status,  stand,  take 
position,  stop. 

stolidus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  stupid, 
dull. 

strenuus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  vigorous, 
active,  courageous. 

strepitus,  -us,m.  noise,  rustling. 

stridor,  -oris,  m.  squeaking. 

stringo,  3,  -inxi,  -ictus,  draw, 
unsheathe. 

struo,  3,  -uxi,  -uctus,  build,  de- 
vise, arrange. 

studium,  -I,  n.  desire,  zeal,  pur- 
suit, study,  practice. 

stultitia,  -ae,  f.  folly. 

stultus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  foolish, 
stupid,  simple. 

stupefacio,  3,  -feel,  -factus, 
astonish,  stun. 

stupens,  -entis,  adj.  astounded, 
amazed,  struck  with  astonish- 
ment. 

suavis,  -e,  adj.  sweet,  delightful. 

sub,  prep,  under,  close  to. 

subduco,  3,  -duxi,  -ductus,  with- 
draw, remove  from  under, 
steal;  draw  up,  reach. 

subeo,  -ire,  -ii,  -itus.  undergo, 
submit  to,  sustain,  endure. 

subici5,  3,  -ieci,  -iectus,  throw 
or  place  under. 


subito,  adv.  suddenly. 
subitus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  sudden, 

unexpected. 

sublevo,  1,  raise,  lift,  support. 
submerge,   3,   -si,    -sus,    sink, 

overwhelm,  submerge. 
submoveo,   2,   -niovi,    -motus, 

remove,  supplant. 
subsidium,   -1,    n.    help,    aid, 

protection. 
succedo,  3,  -cessi,  -cessus,  come 

up,  succeed,  follow. 
successus,  -us,  m.  success. 
sucus,  -I,  m.  juice,  sap. 
suffoco,     1,     -avi,    — ,    choke, 

strangle. 

suffragium,  -I,  n.  vote,  ballot. 
sui,  sibi,  se,  reflex,  pron.  him- 
self, herself,  itself,  etc. 
sum,  esse,  ful,  — ,  am,  be. 
summus,   -a,   -um,    sup.    adj. 

highest;  summus  mons,  the 

top  of  the  hill. 
sumo,  3,  sumpsi,  sumptus,  take, 

take  up,  seize,  exact,  injlict. 
sumptus,  -us,  m.  expense. 
super,  prep,  over,  above. 
superbia,  -ae,  f.  pride. 
superbus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  proud, 

haughty. 
superior,    comp.    adj.    higher, 

preceding. 
supero,    1,    surpass,    conquer, 

overcome. 
supersum,  -esse,  -ful,  survive, 

remain. 
suppeto,  3,  -Ivi,  -itus,  be  equal 

to,  suffice. 

suppleo,  2,  -evi,  -etus,  flU  up. 
supplex,  -icis,  adj.  suppliant. 
supplicium,  -I,  n.  punishment. 
suppono,    3,    -posul,   -positus, 

place  under,  apply. 
supra,  adv.   above,  beyond,  be- 
fore. 
supremus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  superl. 

highest,  latest,  last,  final. 


VOCABULARY. 


185 


surdus,  -a,  -urn,  adj.  deaf,  heed- 
less. 

surgo,  3,  surrexi,  surrectus,  rise, 
swell,  surge. 

sus,  suis,  m.  and  f.  pig. 

suscipio,  3,  -cepl,  -ceptus,  un- 
dertake, incur. 

suscit5,  1,  arouse. 

suspendo,  3,  -dl,  -ensus,  hang. 

suspicpr,  I,  suspect,  mistrust. 

suspicio,  -onis,  f.  suspicion. 

sustineo,  2,  -tinul,  -tentus, 
sustain,  endure. 

susurrus,  -us,  m.  whisper. 

suus,  -a,  -um,  poss.  adj.  his 
own,  their  own. 

Symplegades,  -um,  f.  danger- 
ous rocks  in  the  Euxine 
Pontus. 

T. 

taberaa,  -ae,  f.  shop,  booth. 
tabernaculum,  -1,  n.  tent. 
tabesco,  3,  -bul,  — ,  pine,  waste 

away. 

taceo,  2,  -cui,  -citus,  be  silent. 
tacite,  adv.  silently,  quietly. 
tacitus,   -a,   -um,   adj.    silent, 

meditating. 
taedet,  2,  -uit,  — ,  impers.  it 

disgusts,  wearies. 
taenia,  -ae,  f.  ribbon. 
taeter,  -tra,  -trum,  adj.  repul- 
sive, hideous,  horrid. 
talentum,  -i,  n.  talent. 
tails,  -e,  adj.  such. 
tarn,  adv.  so  very,  so. 
tam-diu,  adv.  so  long. 
tamen,  conj.  nevertheless,  but. 
tamquam,  adv.  just  as,  like  as. 
tandem,  adv.  at  length,  at  last, 

finally ;  in  questions,  pray  ? 
tango,  3,  tetigi,  tactus,  touch, 

strike. 
tantus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  so  great, 

as  much,  such;    n.   as  adv. 

only,  merely,  so  much. 


tardus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  slow. 
Tarentum,  -I,  n.  Tarentum. 
taurus,  -i,  m.  butt. 
tectum,  -1,  n.  roof,  house,  palace. 
tego,  3,  texl,  tectus,  cover,  con- 
ceal. 

telum,  -I,  n.  dart,  weapon. 
temere,   adv.   rashly,   thought- 


tempestas,     -atis,    f.     storm, 

weather. 

templum,  -I,  n.  temple. 
tempus,  -oris,  n.  time,  occasion. 
tendo,  3,  tetendl,  tentus  or  ten- 

sus,  stretch,  draw,  bend,  aim. 
tenebrae,  -arum,  f.  darkness. 
teneo,  2,  tenul,  — ,  hold,  keep  to, 

follow,  keep  back,  restrain. 
tener,  -era,  -erum,  adj.  tender, 

delicate. 

tento,  1,  try,  attempt,  attack. 
tenuis,  -e,  adj.   meagre,   tltin, 

light. 

ter,  adv.  thrice. 
tergum,  -1,  n.  back. 
termino,  1,  bound,  limit. 
tero,  3,  trlvi,  trltus,  rub. 
terra,  -ae,  f.  earth,  land. 
terreo,  2,  -ul,  — ,  alarm,  frighten. 
terribilis,    -e,     adj.    dreadful. 

frightful. 

territus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  frightened. 
terror,   -oris,  m.  fear,  fright, 

alarm. 

tertius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  third. 
testis,  -is,  m.  and  f .  witness. 
Thebae,  -arum,  f.   Thebes,  the 

greatest  city  of  Boeotia, 
thermae,  -arum,  f.  baths. 
thesaurus,  -l,m.  treasure,  hoard. 
Theseus,   -ei,   m.    a    mythical 

king  of  Athens. 
Thessalia,   -ae,   f.    a   country 

in  the  northeastern  part  of 

Greece. 

Thracia,  -ae,  f.  a  country  north- 
east of  Greece. 


186 


VOCABULARY. 


tibia,  -ae,  f .  pipe,  flute. 
tiblcen,  -inis,   m.  piper,  flute- 
player. 

tigris,  -is  or  idis,  m.  or  f .  tiger. 
timed,  2,  -ul,  — ,  /ear,  be  afraid, 

dread. 

Timon.  -onis,  m.  Timon. 
timor,   -oris,   m.    /ear,   dread, 

alarm. 

tingo,  3,  -nxi,  -mctus,  dye,  tinge. 
Titus,  -I,  m.  Titus. 
toga,  -ae,  f .  toga,  cloak,  an  outer 

garment   made   of  a   single 

piece  of  cloth. 
tolero,  1,  endure,  bear. 
tollo,  3,  sustuli,  sublatus,  raise, 

set  up ;  ancoras,  weigh ,  hoist  ; 

take  away,  remove. 
tondeo,  2,  totondl,  tonsus,  cut, 

shave. 

tonsor,  -oris,  m.  barber. 
torqueo,  2,  torsi,  tortus,  twist, 

turn. 

torquis,  -is,  m.  necklace,  chain. 
torreo,  2,  torrul,  tostus,  burn, 

bake,  cook. 
torvus,    -a,     -um,    adj.    grim, 

fierce,  savage. 

tostus,  -a,  -um,  part,  torreo. 
tot,  adj.  indecl.  so  many. 
totus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  all,  the  whole. 
trabs,  trabis,  f.  beam,  timber. 
tracto,  1 ,  handle,  feel  of. 
trado,   3,   -didl,    -ditus,    hand 

over,   deliver  up,  surrender; 

recount,  tell. 
traho,  3,  traxi,  tractus,  draw, 

drag. 

Traianus,  -i,  m.  Tray. 
traicio,  3,  -ieci,  -iectus,  carr^ 

across,  transport. 
trano.  1,  swim  across. 
tranquille,  adv.  quietly. 
tranquillitas,  -atis,  f.  calmness, 

stillness,  calm,  quiet. 
tranquillus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  quiet, 

calm,  still. 


trans,  prep,  across,  beyond,  on 
the  other  side  of. 

transeo,  -ire,  -il,  -itus,  cross 
over,  cross. 

transfigo,  3,  -xl,  -xus,  pierce 
through,  stab. 

transfodio,  3,  -fodi,  -fossus, 
pierce  through,  run  through, 
stab. 

transmitto,  3,  -misl,  -missus, 
cross,  send  over. 

transports,  1,  carry  across. 

transvolo,  I,  fly  across. 

trecenti,  -ae,  -a,  num.  adj.  three 
hundred. 

tres,  tria,  num.  adj.  three. 

tribuo,  3,  -ui,  -utus,  give,  bestow, 
assign,  render. 

tributum,  -I,  n.  tribute. 

triginta,  num.  adj.  thirty. 

tristia,  -ae,  f.  sadness,  grief, 
gloom. 

tristis,  -e,  f.  sad,  gloomy,  mel- 
ancholy. 

Troia,  -ae,  f.  Troy. 

truncus,  -!,  m.  trunk. 

tu,  pron.  you,  thou. 

tuba,  -ae,  f.  trumpet. 

tubicen,  -inis,  m.  trumpeter. 

turn,  adv.  then. 

tumultus,  -us,  m.  tumult,  up- 
roar, confusion. 

tumulus,  -1,  m.  mound,  bank  of 
earth,  dike. 

tunica,  -ae,  f.  tunic,  shirt. 

turba,  -ae,  f.  crowd,  throng. 

turbo,  1,  disturb,  throw  into 
confusion. 

turbo,  -inis,  m.  whirlwind,  hur- 
ricane. 

turbulentus,  -a,  -um,  adj. 
troublesome,  boisterous,  dis- 
ordered. 

turpis,  -e,  adj.  base,  disgraceful. 

turris,  -is,  f.  tower. 

tussis,  -is,  f.  cough, 

tutus, -a, -um,  adj.  safe,  secure. 


VOCABULARY. 


187 


tuus,  -a,  -urn,  poss.  adj.  your, 
yours. 


ubi,  adv.  where,  where?  when. 

ubique,  adv.  everywhere. 

udus.  -a,  -urn,  adj.  wet, moist. 

ulciscor,  3,  ultus,  avenge  one's 
self  or  take  vengeance  on, 

_  punish. 

Ulixes,  -i  or  -el,  Ulysses. 

ullus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  any. 

ulterior,  -us,  comp.  ad],  further. 

ultimus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  farthest, 
last,  latest. 

ultra,  adv.  beyond,  past. 

(ululatus,  -us),  m.  howling, 
crying. 

umbra,  -ae,  f.  shade,  shadow. 

umerus,  -i,  m.  shoulder. 

umquam,  adv.  ever. 

una,  adv.  together  with. 

unda,  -ae,  f.  wave. 

unde,  adv.  from  which,  whence. 

undecim,  num.  adj.  eleven. 

undique,  adv.  from  all  parts, 
all  around,  everywhere. 

unguentum,  -i,  n.  ointment. 

unguis,  -is,  abl.  -e,  m.  nail, 
claw,  talon. 

unguo  or  ungo,  3,  unxi,  unctus, 
smear,  rub,  anoint. 

unicus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  single. 

universus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  all  to- 
gether. 

unus,  -a,  -um,  num.  adj.  one. 

urbanus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of  the 
city,  city-,  town-. 

urbs,  -bis,  f.  city. 

urged,  2,  ursi,  — ,  press  on, 
drive. 

urd,  3,  tissi,  ustus,  burn,  con- 
sume, dry,  parch. 

ursa,  -ae,  f.  she-bear. 

usque,  adv.  up  to. 

usus,  -us,  *m.  use,  value,  service. 


ut,  conj.,  with  indie,  as,  when ; 

with  subj.  in  order  that,  so 

that. 
uter,  -tris,  m.  leather  bottle,  skin 

(of  wine). 
uter,  -tra,  -tram,  interrog.  adj. 

which  of  two  ? 
uterque,    utra-,    utrum-,    adj. 

each  of  two,  each,  both. 
utilis,  -e,  adj.  useful,  suitable. 
utilitas,    -at is,    f.     advantage, 

benefit,  welfare. 
utinam,  adv.  would  that. 
utor,  3,  usus,  use,  employ ;  sail. 
utrimque,  adv.  on  both  sides, 

one  on  each  side. 
utrum,  adv.  whether. 
uxor,  -oris,  f.  wife. 


vacca,  -ae,  f.  cow. 

vacuus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  empty,  idle. 

vado,  3,  — ,  — ,  walk,  go. 

vadum,  -I,  n.  ford,  shallow. 

vagor,  1,  wander,  rove. 

valde,  adv.  strongly,  intensely, 
very. 

valeo,  2,  -ul,  -iturus,  be  strong, 
be  able,  well,  have  power,  suc- 
ceed ;  vale,  good-bye. 

validus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  strong, 
stout,  powerful. 

vallis,  -is,  f.  valley. 

vallum,  -i,  n.  rampart,  wall, 
barricade. 

vanus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  empty, 
groundless. 

varius,  -a,  -um,  adj.  of  different 
colors,  different,  diverse. 

Varus,  -i,  m.  Varus. 

vas,  vasis,  n.  vessel,  pot  (pi. 
vasa,  -orum) ,  jar. 

vasto,  1,  ravage,  lay  waste,  ruin. 

vastus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  waste,  im- 
mense. 


188 


VOCABULARY. 


vehementer,  adv.  violently, 
eagerly,  earnestly,  strongly. 

veho,  3,  vexl,  vectus,  carry, 
convey  ;  pass,  ride,  sail. 

Veil,  -orum,  m.  Veil. 

vellus,  -eris,  n.  pelt,  fleece. 

velum,  -i,  n.  sail. 

velut  or  veluti,  adv.  just  as,as  if. 

venatio,  -onis,  f.  hunting. 

venator,  -oris,  m.  hunter. 

vendo,  3,  -did!,  -ditus,  sell. 

venenum,  -I,  n.  poison,  magic 
drug. 

venia,  -ae,  f.  grace,  pardon,  for- 
giveness. 

venio,  4,  vem,  ventus,  come. 

venor,  1,  hunt. 

venter,  -tris,  m.  belly. 

ventus,  -I,  m.  wind. 

ver,  veris,  n.  spring. 

(verber),  -eris,  n.  lash,  whip, 
blow. 

verbero,  1,  lash,  beat,  strike. 

verbum,  -I,  n.  word. 

vereor,  2,  veritus,  fear,  be 
afraid. 

vero,  adv.  indeed,  in  fact,  how- 
ever, but. 

Verres,  -is,  m.  Verres. 

verro,  3,  — ,  — ,  brush,  sweep. 

verso,  1,  turn;  pass,  be  engaged, 
be. 

verto,  3,  verti,  versus,  turn, 
turn  back. 

veru,  -us,  n.  spit  (for  roasting). 

verum,  adv.  truly,  but,  yet. 

verus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  true;  adv. 
phrase,  re  vera,  in  very  truth, 
actually,  in  fact. 

vesanus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  mad, 
wild,  maddening,  raging' 

vescor,  3,  — ,  enjoy,  eat,  feed. 

vesper,  -erl  and  -eris,  m.  even- 
ing. 

vesperi,  adv.  in  the  evening. 

vester,  -tra,  -trum,  poss.  adj. 
your,  yours. 


vestigium,  -I,  n.  footstep,  trace. 
vestimentum,  -i,  n.  garment. 
vestio,  4,  dress,  clothe. 
vestis,  -is,  f.  garment,  robe. 
veto,  1,  -ul,  -itus,  forbid. 
vexo,  1,  injure,  annoy,  molest. 
via,  -ae,  f.  way,  street,  road, 

gap,  path,  drive. 
viator,  -oris,  m.  traveller. 
vicmus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  neighbor- 
ing ;  as  noun,  m.  neighbor. 
victor,  -oris,  m.  conqueror. 
victoria,  -ae,  f.  victory. 
victus,   -us,    m.    nourishment, 

sustenance,  food. 
vicus,   -i,   m.   village,    hamlet, 

district,  street. 

video,  2,  vidi,  visus,  see,  perceive. 
videor,  2,  visus,  seem,  appear. 
viduus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  widowed, 

bereft. 
vigilanter,     adv.     watchfully, 

carefully. 

vigilantia,  -ae,  f.  watchfulness. 
vigilia,    -ae,    f.     wakefulness, 

watch,  guard. 
vigilo,  1,  watch,  guard. 
viginti,  num.  adj.  twenty. 
vilis,  -e,  adj.  cheap,  worthless. 
villa,    -ae,    f.    country  house, 

villa,  farm. 
vimen,   -inis,   n.    pliant  twig, 

withe,  osier. 
vincio,   4,   vinxi,  vinctus,  tie, 

bind,  fetter. 
vinco,  3,  vlci,  victus,  conquer, 

vanquish. 

vinculum,  -I,  n.  chain,  bond. 
vindico,  1,  lay  claim  to,  demand, 

appropriate. 
vinum,  -I,  n.  wine. 
violentia,  -ae,  f.fury,  vehemence. 
viold,     1,    profane,    dishonor, 

violate,  break. 
vir,  virl,  m.  man,  husband. 
virga,  -ae,  f.  rod,  stick. 
virgo,  -inis,  f.  maiden,  girl, 


VOCABULARY. 


189 


virgultum,  -I,  n.  thicket,  shrub- 
bery. 

viridis,  -e,  adj.  green. 

virilis,  -e,  adj.  manly,  man's. 

virtus,  -utis,  f.  courage,  vir- 
tue. 

vis  (vis),  i.  force,  power,  might, 
violence ,-  pi.  vires,  -ium, 
powers,  strength. 

viso,  3,  -si,  -sus,  see,  view,  go 
to  see,  visit. 

visus,  -us,  m.  sight,  vision,  ap- 
pearance. 

vita,  -ae,  f.  life. 

vitium,  -I,  n.  fault,  defect. 

vito,  1,  avoid,  shun. 

vitulus,  -I,  m.  calf. 

vivo,  3,  vlxi,  — ,  live,  dwell, 
reside. 

vivus,  -a,  -um,  adj.  alive,  living. 

vix,  adv.  hardly,  scarcely. 

voco,  1,  call,  summon,  invite. 

Volcanus,  -I,  m.  Vulcan,  god 
of  fire. 

volg5,  1,  publish,  proclaim. 

volgo,  adv.  publicly,  before  all 
the  world. 

volito,  I,  fly  to  and  fro,  flit 
about,  hover. 


volnero,  1,  wound,  injure,  hurt. 
volnus,  -eris,  n.  wound,  injury, 

hurt. 

volo,  I,  fly. 
volo,  velle,  volul,  — ,  wish,  be 

willing. 

volpes,  -is,  f.  fox. 
voltur,  -uris,  m.  vulture. 
voltus,   -us,    m.  face,    counte- 
nance, looks,  expression,  eyes. 
volucer,  -cris,  -ere,  adj.  winged ; 

as  noun,  f.  (sc.  avis),  flying 

creature,  bird. 
voluptas,    -atis,    f.    pleasure, 

choice. 
volvo,   3,   volvi,  volutus,  roll, 

ponder,  meditate. 
vos,  pi.  of  tu,  you. 
votum,  -I,  n.  vow,  prayer,  wish. 
vox,  vocis,  f.  voice. 


Zend,  -onis,  m.  Zeno,  a  philos- 
opher. 

Zephyrus,  -I,  m.  zephyr,  a 
gentle  west  wind. 

Zetes,  -ae,  m.  an  Argonaut,  son 
of  the  north  wind. 


OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY 

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